{"title":"A Fissile National Community","authors":"Benjamin Tromly","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198840404.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840404.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 1 explores anti-communist movements of the Russian diaspora, setting the stage for their participation in the Cold War. The anti-communist cause housed four major movements in the postwar years: the Whites, or Russian conservatives who had fled communist rule during the Russian Civil War (1918–22); a cohort of democratic socialists who had opposed the tsars before being driven out by Lenin; the so-called Vlasovites, Soviet citizens who exited their home country during World War II and then attached themselves to a Russian liberation army formed under Nazi auspices; and the National Labor Alliance (NTS), a far-right émigré organization, most of whose members collaborated with Nazi Germany during World War II. As the chapter argues, the different experiences of these groups—in Russia, during displacement, and while in exile—informed their divergent notions of Russia’s past and future.","PeriodicalId":114552,"journal":{"name":"Cold War Exiles and the CIA","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128881049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Visions and Émigré Realities","authors":"Benjamin Tromly","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198840404.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840404.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 4 addresses the origins of the CIA project to create a Russian political center abroad. The chapter argues that transnational flows of ideas and historical memories were important for a major CIA psychological warfare project. George F. Kennan and other policymakers involved in the project were driven by a romantic attachment to Russian history and the conviction that exiles were potent weapons for psychological warfare against the USSR. Accordingly, plans for the political center—its political complexion and structure—emerged from the interactions of influential Americans and Russian émigrés. The dependence of US psychological-warfare projects on exile politics would prove dysfunctional, as the OPC planners read the state of Russian opinion in the USSR through the distorting lens of exile anti-communism.","PeriodicalId":114552,"journal":{"name":"Cold War Exiles and the CIA","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122403799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}