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On the origin of fivefold multiply twinned nanoparticles in chemically vapour-deposited hexagonal boron nitride 化学气相沉积六方氮化硼中五重孪晶纳米颗粒的起源
Philosophical Magazine A Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01418610208240059
B. Reznik, K. Eichhorn, D. Gerthsen
{"title":"On the origin of fivefold multiply twinned nanoparticles in chemically vapour-deposited hexagonal boron nitride","authors":"B. Reznik, K. Eichhorn, D. Gerthsen","doi":"10.1080/01418610208240059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of different sample treatments on the formation of particles exhibiting fivefold symmetry in chemically vapour-deposited hexagonal boron nitride is reported. Particles with an average lateral dimension of 150nm were observed by transmission electron microscopy after mechanical thinning of polycrystalline hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature. Such particles have not been found in freshly cleaved samples, samples annealed at 1100°C, and samples prepared from the same material but in the form of a powder. The electron microscopy results are supported by X-ray powder diffraction data showing a corresponding anisotropic increase in the mean correlation length of ordered domains from an initial size below 10 nm in as-deposited samples to about 45 nm in the mechanically thinned specimens. It is suggested that micromechanical twinning contributes to the formation of fivefold particles.","PeriodicalId":114492,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine A","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128853984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Surface instability and delamination of epitaxially stressed bilayers 外延应力双层结构的表面不稳定性和分层
Philosophical Magazine A Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01418610208240055
I. Colin, J. Grilhé
{"title":"Surface instability and delamination of epitaxially stressed bilayers","authors":"I. Colin, J. Grilhé","doi":"10.1080/01418610208240055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The possibility for a localized roughness to develop has been investigated at the intersection of the interface and the free surface of an epitaxially stressed bilayer. After a general derivation of the elastic energy variation due to a localized fluctuation of the surface described by a function h, the stability of the free surface with respect to two particular fluctuations has been characterized as a function of the lattice mismatch between the two layers. The formation of cracks from the localized roughness is finally discussed.","PeriodicalId":114492,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine A","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130747028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Transmission electron microscopy analysis of planar faults on (001) planes in MoSi2 single crystals MoSi2单晶(001)面缺陷的透射电镜分析
Philosophical Magazine A Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01418610208240063
S. Guder, M. Bartsch, U. Messerschmidt
{"title":"Transmission electron microscopy analysis of planar faults on (001) planes in MoSi2 single crystals","authors":"S. Guder, M. Bartsch, U. Messerschmidt","doi":"10.1080/01418610208240063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Planar faults on (001) planes were formed during in-situ annealing and straining experiments on MoSi2 single crystals in a high-voltage electron microscope. As-received and pre-deformed crystals grown by either the float-zone or the Czochralski technique were exposed to temperatures between 400 and 1200°C. The faults are only formed if dislocations with ½⟨111⟩ Burgers vectors are present. The faults and the bordering partial dislocations were characterized by a transmission electron microscopy contrast analysis. The two partial dislocations bordering a fault have different types of Burgers vector. It is suggested that the faults result from a dissociation reaction according to ½[111]=½[110] + ½[001], leading to intrinsic stacking faults on (001) planes. Probably, similar microstructural mechanisms control both the formation of the faults and the flow stress anomaly of the ⟨111⟩{110} slip system in MoSi2.","PeriodicalId":114492,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine A","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114534534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Modification of crystal structures in perovskite-type niobate nanosheets 钙钛矿型铌酸盐纳米片晶体结构的改性
Philosophical Magazine A Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01418610208240058
F. Xu, Y. Bando, Y. Ebina, T. Sasaki
{"title":"Modification of crystal structures in perovskite-type niobate nanosheets","authors":"F. Xu, Y. Bando, Y. Ebina, T. Sasaki","doi":"10.1080/01418610208240058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High-resolution electron microscopy and dynamic electron diffraction have been applied to the examination of the crystallinity and modification of crystal structure of (TBA, H3O)Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheet aggregates (TBA = tetrabutylammonium) associated with multiplex synthesis processes including ion exchange, intercalation and exfoliation. Different types of superstructure have been discovered, which were generated either from the tilting of octahedra around any of the three tetrads or owing to ordering of vacancies.","PeriodicalId":114492,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine A","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129112141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Equivalent continuum for dynamically deforming atomistic particle systems 动态变形原子粒子系统的等效连续统
Philosophical Magazine A Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01418610208240052
Min Zhou, D. McDowell
{"title":"Equivalent continuum for dynamically deforming atomistic particle systems","authors":"Min Zhou, D. McDowell","doi":"10.1080/01418610208240052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An equivalent continuum is defined for dynamically deforming atomistic particle systems treated with concepts of molecular dynamics. The discrete particle systems considered exhibit micropolar interatomic interactions which involve both central interatomic forces and interatomic moments. The equivalence of the continuum to discrete atomic systems includes, firstly, preservation of linear and angular momenta, secondly, conservation of internal, external and inertial work rates and, thirdly, conservation of mass. This equivalence is achieved through the definition of, firstly, continuum stress and couple stress fields that make the same contribution to motion and deformation as internal interatomic forces and couples, secondly, continuum fields of body force, body moment, surface traction and surface moment that make the same contribution to motion and deformation as external forces and moments on the atoms, thirdly, a continuum deformation field that is work conjugate to the continuum kinetic fields and consistent with the atomic deformation field and, fourthly, continuum distributions of mass and moment of inertia that preserve the linear and angular momenta as well as kinetic energy. This equivalence holds for the entire system and for volume elements defined by any subset of particles in the system; therefore, averaging and characterization across different length scales are possible and size-scale effects can be explicitly analysed. The framework of analysis provides an explicit account of arbitrary atom arrangement, admitting applications to both crystalline and amorphous structures. The analysis also applies to both homogeneous materials with identical atoms and heterogeneous materials with dissimilar atoms. For non-polar atomic systems with only central interatomic forces, the fields of couple stress, body moment and surface moment vanish. This demonstrates that, on the interatomic level, interatomic moments give rise to couple stresses of dynamically equivalent nature.","PeriodicalId":114492,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine A","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122703705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 64
Interaction of glissile dislocations with perfect and truncated stacking-fault tetrahedra in irradiated metals 辐照金属中滑动位错与完全和截断层错四面体的相互作用
Philosophical Magazine A Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/01418610208240062
M. Hiratani, H. Zbib, B. Wirth
{"title":"Interaction of glissile dislocations with perfect and truncated stacking-fault tetrahedra in irradiated metals","authors":"M. Hiratani, H. Zbib, B. Wirth","doi":"10.1080/01418610208240062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mechanisms for the collapse and absorption of truncated stacking-fault tetrahedra (SFTs) by approaching dislocations are proposed. Both self-energy and elastic interaction energy in a straight dislocation-SFT system are calculated analytically. Although an isolated perfect or truncated SFT is in many cases more stable than a perfect dislocation loop or Frank sessile loop, it can become metastable under the influence of strain fields of surrounding dislocations. Interaction between incident dislocations and SFTs can cause instability of the perfect SFT relative to a truncated SFT, Frank sessile loop and perfect dislocation loop. In general, the interaction between a single SFT and a single dislocation is found to be not large enough for thermal activations to overcome the elastic barriers between a metastable truncated SFT and a stable unfaulted loop. Pinning through core reactions and dislocation pile-ups in certain glide systems approaching the SFT are shown to lower the activation barriers considerably. These collapse and absorption mechanisms can explain the production of defect-free channels in irradiated materials.","PeriodicalId":114492,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine A","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121459220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Rate dependence of deformation mechanisms in a shape memory alloy 形状记忆合金变形机制的速率依赖性
Philosophical Magazine A Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/01418610208240046
Y. Liu, Yulong Li, K. Ramesh
{"title":"Rate dependence of deformation mechanisms in a shape memory alloy","authors":"Y. Liu, Yulong Li, K. Ramesh","doi":"10.1080/01418610208240046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The rate-dependent tensile deformations of twinned martensitic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) are studied for strain rates as high as 300s−1. The results show that the stress plateau associated with the martensite detwinning process still exists under high-strain-rate deformations. The results further suggest that the detwinning process taking place at the initial stage of the tension deformation is not very sensitive to the strain rate at least within the studied range (10−3 -3 × 102 s−1). Beyond the stress-plateau region where dislocation mechanisms are expected to dominate the deformation processes, the stress level increases more strongly with increasing strain rate. The transformation characteristics and shape recovery processes of the dynamically deformed samples provide further evidence that the detwinning process is well developed in the NiTi SMA under dynamic tension deformation.","PeriodicalId":114492,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine A","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129594132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Computer simulation on the tendency of intergranular fracture in textured polycrystalline materials 织构多晶材料晶间断裂趋势的计算机模拟
Philosophical Magazine A Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/01418610208240049
G. Wang, L. Zuo, C. Esling
{"title":"Computer simulation on the tendency of intergranular fracture in textured polycrystalline materials","authors":"G. Wang, L. Zuo, C. Esling","doi":"10.1080/01418610208240049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of different stress conditions on the susceptibility of intergranular cracking in two-dimensional polycrystals with various textures and texture sharpness is discussed. The computer simulations indicate that the distribution of large-angle random grain boundaries inclining at different angles influences the propagation of intergranular cracks. The intensity of texture in polycrystalline materials is also an important factor affecting the propagation of intergranular cracks. The type of texture also influences the propagation of the cracks a little.","PeriodicalId":114492,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine A","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122289045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Trends of combinations of elastic constants of covalent semiconductors with mean interelectronic separation 共价半导体弹性常数与平均电子间分离的组合趋势
Philosophical Magazine A Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/01418610208240047
N. H. March, V. V. van Doren, C. Matthai
{"title":"Trends of combinations of elastic constants of covalent semiconductors with mean interelectronic separation","authors":"N. H. March, V. V. van Doren, C. Matthai","doi":"10.1080/01418610208240047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Motivated by the jellium model, which is most appropriate for simple sp electron metals, in which trends of elastic constants with interelectronic separation r s are the focus, some extrapolation is made to the covalent diamond-structure semiconductors. This leads to the exposing of interrelationships involving experimental elastic compliance data, for C, Si, Ge and α-Sn.","PeriodicalId":114492,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine A","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131915750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Crystallization in Al88RE8Ni4 glass-forming alloys Al88RE8Ni4玻璃化合金的结晶
Philosophical Magazine A Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/01418610208240048
T. Croat, A. Gangopadhyay, K. Kelton
{"title":"Crystallization in Al88RE8Ni4 glass-forming alloys","authors":"T. Croat, A. Gangopadhyay, K. Kelton","doi":"10.1080/01418610208240048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01418610208240048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) microstructural studies of devitrified amorphous alloys with a composition Al88RE8Ni4 are presented as a function of average rare-earth atomic radii (between 1.76 and 1.87 Å). Rare-earth elements RE ≡ Gd, Er and La were co-substituted to vary the average atomic radius rRE, while maintaining an 8 at.% rare-earth concentration. As reported previously for Al88La2Gd6Ni4 glasses, compositional phase separation prior to crystallization was observed in all alloys of this series. TEM examination of amorphous samples following low-temperature annealing treatments showed the development of strong image contrast prior to crystallization, corresponding to a segregation of the glassy matrix into aluminium-rich and solute-rich regions over a length scale of a few tens of nanometres. The subsequent crystallization behaviour depended on the average rare-earth radii, with metastable intermetallic phases forming first in glasses made with larger r RE and with fee α-Al nanocrystallization in smaller r RE glasses, showing preferential nucleation and growth of α-Al near the boundaries of the phase-separated regions.","PeriodicalId":114492,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine A","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128376556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
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