Ecological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Vallisneria spiralis L. adaptive capacity improves pore water chemistry and increases potential nitrification in organic polluted sediments","authors":"Leonardo Morini, Claudio Ferrari, Marco Bartoli, Mindaugas Zilius, Elias Broman, Giovanna Visioli","doi":"10.1186/s13717-024-00506-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00506-8","url":null,"abstract":"Macrophytes may modify benthic biodiversity and biogeochemistry via radial oxygen loss from roots. This condition contrasts sediments anoxia, allows roots respiration, and facilitates aerobic microbial communities and processes in the rhizosphere. Simultaneously, the rhizosphere can stimulate anaerobic microorganisms and processes via exudates or by favoring the build-up of electron acceptors as nitrate. As eutrophication often results in organic enrichment in sediments and large internal nutrients recycling, an interesting research question is to investigate whether plants maintain the capacity to stimulate aerobic or anaerobic microbial communities and processes also under elevated organic pollution. A manipulative experiment was carried out under laboratory-controlled conditions. Microcosms containing bare sediments and sediments transplanted with the macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis L. were created. The effect of the plant was investigated on sediments with moderate (8%) and elevated (21%) organic matter content, after an acclimatization period of 30 days. Chemical and physical parameters, microbial community composition and the potential rates of nitrification, denitrification and nitrate ammonification were measured at two different depths (0–1 and 1–5 cm) after the acclimatization period to evaluate the role of roots. Vallisneria spiralis grew and assimilated pore water nutrients at the two organic matter levels and vegetated sediments had always nutrient-depleted porewaters as compared to bare sediments. Nitrifying microbes had a lower relative abundance and diversity compared to denitrifying bacteria. However, regardless of the organic content, in vegetated sediments nitrifiers were detected in deeper horizons as compared to bare sediments, where nitrification was confined near the surface. In contrast, potential denitrification rates were not affected by the presence of roots, but probably regulated by the presence of nitrate and by root-dependent nitrification. Potential nitrate ammonification rates were always much lower (< 3%) than potential denitrification rates. Vallisneria spiralis affects N-related microbial diversity and biogeochemistry at moderate and elevated organic matter content, smoothing bottom water–pore water chemical gradients and stimulating nitrification and nitrogen loss via denitrification. These results suggest the possibility to deploy V. spiralis as a nature-based solution to counteract eutrophication in freshwater systems impacted by high loads of organic matter, for example, downstream of wastewater treatment plants.","PeriodicalId":11419,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Processes","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent resilience to extreme drought events: implications for climate change adaptation of a South American endangered tree species","authors":"Sergio Piraino, Martín Ariel Hadad, Yanina Antonia Ribas‑Fernández, Fidel Alejandro Roig","doi":"10.1186/s13717-024-00505-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00505-9","url":null,"abstract":"Recent changes in climatic trends are resulting in an increased frequency and intensity of extreme events, with unknown effect on ecosystem dynamics in the near future. Extreme drought episodes are recognized as disturbance factors capable of modifying forest dynamics and tree growth. Within this context, dioecious tree species may be impacted by climatic extremes, affecting male/female proportions and, consequently, reproductive processes and species persistence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for species-specific assessments of growth tolerance to extreme dry spells in dioecious tree species, to establish effective conservation strategies for these particular natural resources. Araucaria araucana (araucaria), an endangered dioecious Patagonian tree species, has recently undergone decay and mortality episodes in response to increasing dry climatic conditions. While sex-dependent tolerance to extreme drought episodes has been assessed in the species’ humid distribution range, there is still a lack of information on the gender-based resilience of trees growing in the drier environments of the species’ distribution. We reconstructed, through dendrochronological methods, the sex-dependent response of 105 araucaria individuals (55 female and 50 male trees) to five regional extreme dry spells employing a set of different indices. Resistance, recovery period, and average growth reduction of standardized tree-ring growth were examined, analysing the effect of biotic (sex, pre-drought stem tree growth) and abiotic (local climatic conditions before, during, and after extreme climatic episodes) factors on tree resilience. Sex influences only the species resistance to climatic disturbance, with male individuals showing lower tolerance to extreme drought events. Pre-drought radial growth rates and local meteorological conditions preceding, during, and following extreme dry spells strongly modulated araucaria radial growth resilience regardless of tree sex, influencing the species resistance, recovery period, and average growth reduction. We provide novel and crucial information for the species conservation and management in the current climate change scenario, and contribute to the debate regarding the role of tree sex as a factor influencing woody species growth under particularly adverse climatic conditions. In the face of climate change, an increase in extreme drought events is expected in the easternmost araucaria xeric end distribution area, which will likely decrease the species resilience.","PeriodicalId":11419,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Processes","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on photodegradation and leaching of typical pesticides in greenhouse soil from Shouguang, Shandong Province, East China","authors":"Li-Ting Hua, Rui-Lin Wu, Cun-Lu Li, Chao-Nan Wang, Yi-Long Li, Fu-Liu Xu","doi":"10.1186/s13717-024-00503-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00503-x","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide use contributes to national food security. The dissipation pathways and degradation mechanisms of pesticides have been widely studied and pesticide residues have remained a focus of public concern. However, studies on the migration and transformation behaviors of pesticide residues in real-world greenhouse soils are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, we collected greenhouse soil from Shouguang, Shandong Province, and investigated the photodegradation and leaching of 17 common pesticides, which leave residues in the soil and are the most frequently used pesticides in Shouguang. The environmental behavior of pesticides in greenhouse soils will provide new information on pesticide residues in the real environment and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of pesticide pollution in greenhouse soils. The photodegradation of trifloxystrobin followed a first-order kinetic equation, whereas those of emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, buprofezin, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, tebuconazole, isoprothiolane, metalaxyl, and oxadixyl followed second-order kinetics. The half-lives of 17 pesticides under light and dark conditions ranged from 2.5–104 (mean: 36.2) and 2.6–110 (mean: 31.4) days, respectively. The half-lives of emamectin benzoate, pyraclostrobin, and metalaxyl in the light were 86.6%, 68.5%, and 94.5% of their half-lives in the dark, respectively. Chlorantraniliprole, metalaxyl, nitenpyram, diethofencarb, acetamiprid, carbendazim, and oxadixyl were leached to ≥ 90% in aqueous solution. Six pesticides, avermectin B1A, emamectin benzoate, trifloxystrobin, difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, and buprofezin, were difficult to leach from aqueous solutions. The degradation rate of some pesticides was higher in the light environment than in the dark. The leaching potential of the leachable pesticides was nitenpyram ≫ metalaxyl > acetamiprid > carbendazim > diethofencarb ≈ chlorantraniliprole > isoprothiolane > oxadixyl > boscalid ≈ tebuconazole > hexaconazole. Pesticides that are easy to leach but not easily degraded, such as chlorantraniliprole and metalaxyl, have a high potential risk of groundwater pollution, and additional degradation technologies should be used to reduce their pollution risk. The study of the photodegradation and vertical migration behavior of various pesticides is conducive to providing references for the agricultural use and pollution control of pesticides.","PeriodicalId":11419,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Processes","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global analysis of the introduction pathways and characteristics associated with non-native fish species introduction, establishment, and impacts","authors":"Camille Bernery, Céline Bellard, Franck Courchamp, Sébastien Brosse, Boris Leroy","doi":"10.1186/s13717-024-00495-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00495-8","url":null,"abstract":"The invasion success of introduced freshwater fishes is influenced by many factors, including ecological, species, and socioeconomic characteristics. Most studies that document the importance of these characteristics are conducted at local scales and/or focus on a single step of the invasion process. In this study, we aim to determine the species characteristics, ecological characteristics, and socioeconomic characteristics of non-native freshwater fish invasions. Our assessment was done at the global scale and considers all three steps of the invasion (i.e., introduction, establishment, and impact). For this purpose, we applied generalized linear models to 20 variables collected for 307 non-native species and modeled them as a function of ecological characteristics (i.e., environmental features), species traits (i.e., functional and morphological), and socioeconomic characteristics (i.e., human use and introduction pathways). We considered the number of countries in which each species was introduced, established, or had ecological impacts as a proxy of invasion step success. We also explored the specifics of species introduced through the aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade pathways. We found that non-native freshwater fishes with broad diets, high parental care, and multiple introduction pathways are the most widely introduced and established worldwide. The number of countries with impacts reported was best explained by the type of introduction pathway (i.e., aquaculture or fisheries). Moreover, among non-native species introduced through aquaculture, those belonging to Cypriniformes and having broad diets were the most widely introduced and established species. In contrast, the species introduced through the ornamental fish trade pathway belonged to various taxonomic orders but were mainly native to tropical regions. Considering several types of factors is important when analyzing the invasion success of freshwater fish and disentangling the different invasion steps. These findings have strong implications for anticipating the profile of species with a high potential to invade many countries.","PeriodicalId":11419,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Processes","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140105461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatile organic compounds emitted by Megaplatypus mutatus associated fungi: chemical identification and temperature-modulated responses by the ambrosial beetle","authors":"Esteban D. Ceriani-Nakamurakare, Mariel Slodowicz, Cecilia Carmarán, Paola Gonzalez-Audino","doi":"10.1186/s13717-024-00490-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00490-z","url":null,"abstract":"In ambrosia and bark beetles–fungi interaction, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a central role in mediating various aspects of community dynamics of beetles and/or fungi. These functions include facilitating beetle habitat location, mate identification, and fungal partner differentiation. However, the understanding on this context remains limited, especially in the globally distributed subfamily Platypodinae, which comprises predominantly ambrosia beetles. There is a lack of chemical data on ambrosia fungi from native South American species. This study addresses this gap by characterizing VOCs from twelve fungal species associated with Megaplatypus mutatus and assessing species-specific behavioral responses during dispersal. Fungal VOCs were collected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with solid-phase microextraction and Y-olfactometry assays of males and females were performed at dispersal stage. Statistical analyses involved: non-metric multidimensional scaling multivariate plot and PermanovaPERMANOVA test, a cluster analysis through unweighted pair group method with Jaccard index, and finally, a chi-square goodness-of-fit test for beetle behavioral assays. We identified 72 VOCs from the fungal species isolated from M. mutatus galleries, exocuticle, and gut. The olfactory behavior of M. mutatus demonstrated its capacity to discriminate between volatile profiles, showing a preference for either the fungus or the control source. Our results also enhance the understanding in a chemotaxonomic context and in the behavioral responses of M. mutatus revealing the beetle's remarkable low temperature tolerance and its capability to maintain mobility and orientation toward volatile sources even after zero-degree Celsius exposure. This study presents a comprehensive insight into fungal VOC profiles, emphasizing the sources of isolation within pest associated fungi, as well as its symbiotic species from the Raffaelea genus. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Megaplatypus mutatus exhibits a general aversion to its fungal VOCs symbiont. However, a notable exception arises when the beetles are pre-exposed for 48 h to freezing conditions, highlighting the beetles' ability to withstand freezing conditions as adults and to exhibit altered responses to their fungal associates under these circumstances.","PeriodicalId":11419,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Processes","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140097217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability and improvement of different potential evapotranspiration models in different climate zones of China","authors":"Zedong Li, Yiran Li, Xinxiao Yu, Guodong Jia, Peng Chen, Pengfei Zheng, Yusong Wang, Bingbing Ding","doi":"10.1186/s13717-024-00488-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00488-7","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) is the key for studying land-air interaction hydrological processes. Several models are used to estimate the PET based on standardized meteorological data. Although combination-based models have the highest level performance estimation of PET, they require more meteorological data and may therefore be difficult to apply in areas lacking meteorological observation data. The results showed significant differences in the spatial trends of PET calculated by different models in China, the Doorenbots–Pruitts model revealed the highest PET (1902.6 mm), and the Kuzmin model revealed the lowest PET (349.6 mm), with the largest difference being 5.5 times. The Romanenko and the Rohwer models were the recommended temperature-based and aerodynamic-based models. On the other hand, the Abtew model was more suitable for arid and semi-arid regions, while the Priestley–Taylor model was more suitable for humid regions. Combination-based models revealed ideal calculation accuracies, among which the Penman–Monteith model was the best option for PET calculation. The accuracy range of Romanenko, Rohwer, Abten, Priestley Taylor, and Penman Monteith models improved in MPZ and TCZ is higher than that improved in TMZ and SMZ. This does not mean that the improved models have higher accuracy in MPZ and TCZ than in TMZ and SMZ. On the contrary, the original model performed poorly in MPZ and TCZ, so the improved accuracy was relatively large. The unimproved model was already more suitable in TMZ and SMZ, so the improved accuracy was relatively small. Therefore, regional calibration of the PET models can improve the accuracy and applicability of PET calculation, providing a reference for studying hydrological processes in different climatic zones.","PeriodicalId":11419,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Processes","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140055207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: An approach for finding causal relations in environmental systems: with an application to understand drivers of a toxic algal bloom","authors":"Benny Selle","doi":"10.1186/s13717-024-00500-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00500-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Correction: Ecol Process (2024) 13:8&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00482-5&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following publication of the original article (Selle 2024), the author reported an error in Eqs. 1 and 2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Caused by a typesetting error, four spare brackets were mistakenly added to Eqs. 1 and 2:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;\u0000&lt;li&gt;\u0000&lt;span&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;EC;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; = (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;EC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;EC;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;)/(1 − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;0.5&lt;/sup&gt;)/(1 − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;EC;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;0.5&lt;/sup&gt;) = 0.463,&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;/li&gt;\u0000&lt;li&gt;\u0000&lt;span&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;i&gt;;EC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; = (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;EC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;i&gt; ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;EC;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;)/(1 − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;EC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;0.5&lt;/sup&gt;)/(1 − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;EC;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;0.5&lt;/sup&gt;) = 0.206&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;/li&gt;\u0000&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;The correct Eq. 1 and 2 should read:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;\u0000&lt;li&gt;\u0000&lt;span&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;EC;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; = (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;EC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;EC;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;)/(1 − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;0.5&lt;/sup&gt;/(1 − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;EC;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;0.5&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.463,&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;/li&gt;\u0000&lt;li&gt;\u0000&lt;span&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;i&gt;;EC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; = (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt; − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;EC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;i&gt; ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;EC;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;)/(1 − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;Q;EC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;0.5&lt;/sup&gt;/(1 − &lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;EC;&lt;/i&gt;LN(&lt;i&gt;AL&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;0.5&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.206&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;/li&gt;\u0000&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;The original article (Selle 2024) has been updated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul data-track-component=\"outbound reference\"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Selle B (2024) An approach for finding causal relations in environmental systems: with an application to understand drivers of a toxic algal bloom. Ecol Process 13:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00482-5&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Article Google Scholar &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;Download references&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Authors and Affiliations&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Berliner Hochschule Für Technik, Luxemburger Straße 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Benny Selle&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Benny Selle&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span&gt;Authors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Benny Selle&lt;/span&gt;View author publications&lt;p&gt;You can also search for this author in &lt;span&gt;PubMed&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Corresponding author&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Correspondence to Benny Selle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Publisher's Note&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Springer Nature remains neutral with regard t","PeriodicalId":11419,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Processes","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive patterns in Araucaria araucana forests in the Andean range, Chile","authors":"Sergio Donoso, Karen Peña-Rojas, Claudia Espinoza, Carolain Badaracco, Rómulo Santelices-Moya, Antonio Cabrera-Ariza","doi":"10.1186/s13717-024-00497-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00497-6","url":null,"abstract":"Araucaria araucana is a mast species that presents a high variability in annual cone production. Researchers have recorded synchronization events in cone production in different populations, which allows the seed production to be concentrated, reducing the percentage of seeds consumed by different animal species. We sampled three populations located in the Andes Mountains, Araucanía Region, Chile. In 2004 we began the collection of data on cone production, for which we installed permanent plots (1200 m2 each) at each location. We identified and labeled each female tree in each plot to monitor its cone production. In 2012 we selected a total of 30 trees near the plots to evaluate the number of seeds per cone. In each February from 2012 to 2014 we selected two mature cones and covered them with a porous mesh for subsequent collection and storage in March. At the beginning of June, we counted and weighed the seeds, determining the average weight, the number of seeds per cone, the germination capacity (GC), and the germination speed (GS). Cone production was synchronous across the three locations. We observed significant differences among the locations and years evaluated. The cones had fewer seeds in 2013 (high production) compared to those in 2012 (low production), but their weights were similar. In 2014 the cones produced smaller seeds in fewer quantities. The difference between the years 2013 and 2014 resulted from the high-energy expenditure in 2013. Regarding GC and GS, there were significant differences among the three locations (GC: F = 45.41, p < 0.01; GS: F = 96.08, p < 0.01), where the highest values were observed in 2013. Both GC and GS are related to seed weight but not to the number of cones produced in a given year. These annual fluctuations in seed production are determining factors in the population dynamics of forest species. Our results allow a better understanding of the reproductive phenology of A. araucana and could help define sustainable use and conservation actions for this species.","PeriodicalId":11419,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Processes","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in albedo and its radiative forcing of grasslands in East Asia drylands","authors":"Qingsong Zhu, Jiquan Chen, Liangxu Wu, Yuting Huang, Changliang Shao, Gang Dong, Zhe Xu, Xianglan Li","doi":"10.1186/s13717-024-00493-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00493-w","url":null,"abstract":"Grasslands in drylands are increasingly influenced by human activities and climate change, leading to alterations in albedo and radiative energy balance among others. Surface biophysical properties and their interactions change greatly following disturbances. However, our understanding of these processes and their climatic impacts remains limited. In this study, we used multi-year observations from satellites and eddy-covariance towers to investigate the response of albedo to variables closely associated with human disturbances, including vegetation greenness (EVI) and surface soil volumetric water content (VWC), as well as snow cover and clearness index (Ta) for their potential relationships. EVI and VWC during the growing season were the primary factors influencing albedo. EVI and VWC were negatively correlated with albedo, with VWC’s total direct and indirect impacts being slightly smaller than those of EVI. During the non-growing season, snow cover was the most influential factor on albedo. VWC and Ta negatively affected albedo throughout the year. We estimated the impact of variations in EVI and VWC on climate to be in the range of 0.004 to 0.113 kg CO2 m−2 yr−1 in CO2 equivalent. This study indicates the significant impacts of climate change and human disturbances on vulnerable grassland ecosystems from the perspective of altered albedo. Changes in vegetation greenness and soil properties induced by climate change and human activities may have a substantial impact on albedo, which in turn feedback on climate change, indicating that future climate policies should take this factor into consideration.","PeriodicalId":11419,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Processes","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage relationships in middle-order agriculture and forest streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain","authors":"Matthew L. Skoog, Michael A. Eggleton, Yushun Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13717-024-00487-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-024-00487-8","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture has greatly influenced water quality, habitats, and fish assemblages in streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) ecoregion. However, MAP streams have historically been understudied compared to streams in other agricultural regions of the USA. In this study, water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage composition were assessed seasonally (spring, summer, and fall) in eight representative MAP streams located across three U.S. states. The study design included four streams containing highly agricultural watersheds (herein termed “agriculture” streams) and four streams containing mostly forested watersheds (herein termed “forest” streams), which were intended to represent reference conditions for MAP streams. In general, forest streams contained significantly better instream and riparian habitats than agriculture streams (P = 0.010–0.040) whereas agriculture streams contained significantly greater levels of primary nutrients (P < 0.001–0.010). Differences between agriculture and forest streams with respect to other physical and chemical variables were intermittent and season dependent. Fish assemblages in agriculture and forest streams were structured primarily along an environmental gradient reflecting instream habitat conditions, water nutrient concentrations, and benthic chlorophyll-a production. Structurally, fish assemblages in both stream types contained many regionally common species, though some species appeared to exhibit affinities for a particular stream type. Functionally, fish assemblages in agriculture streams contained more tolerant species, more omnivores, and fewer insectivores compared to forest stream assemblages, which were nearly all insectivores. Overall, one-third of the fish specimens collected in forest streams classified as intolerant species. Our results suggested that stream water quality, habitat, and fish assemblages differed between agriculture and forest streams in the MAP, with fish assemblages exhibiting both structural and functional differences. Results were consistent with a larger body of literature from smaller, headwater streams whereby land-use changes (e.g., row-crop agriculture) impacted the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of stream ecosystems. Results further highlight the importance of land use management and its effects on habitat diversity in stream ecosystems, and that protecting the few remaining undisturbed or less-disturbed streams should be a priority.","PeriodicalId":11419,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Processes","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140007803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}