S. Strömqvist, K. Holmqvist, Victoria Johansson, Henrik Karlsson, Åsa Wengelin
{"title":"What Keystroke Logging can Reveal about Writing","authors":"S. Strömqvist, K. Holmqvist, Victoria Johansson, Henrik Karlsson, Åsa Wengelin","doi":"10.1163/9780080460932_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9780080460932_005","url":null,"abstract":"Writing is a dynamic activity. In order fully to appreciate that fact, we have to analyse writing as it unfolds in teal time. The present paper gives a bird's eye perspective on the budding paradigm of using keystroke logging as a window on the online process of writing. First, methods and tools for designing writing experiments, recording writing activity, and for analysing recordings of writing activity are reviewed. Second, an overview of different lines of research is presented. Here, rather than attempting an exhaustive review of the state-of-art, we present selective illustrations from four areas of research where keystroke logging by means of the research tool ScriptLog was used as a basis for the analysis of writing: the contrastive study of speech and writing, the study of learning to write, the study of writing difficulties, and the experimental study of spelling. Also, the combination of keystroke logging with eye-tracking technology is illustrated. The paper ends with a discussion of future directions for research and applications, including test, diagnosis, evaluation, writing support, and a new generation of corpora of computer-logged writing and their use in research and education. (Less)","PeriodicalId":114168,"journal":{"name":"Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122018167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pausing, Productivity and the Processing of Topic in OnLine Writing","authors":"K. Spelman-Miller","doi":"10.1163/9780080460932_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9780080460932_009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114168,"journal":{"name":"Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing","volume":"370 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122923974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Pausological Study of Written Language Production","authors":"K. Spelman-Miller","doi":"10.1163/9780080460932_003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9780080460932_003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114168,"journal":{"name":"Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131461090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining Pauses in Writing: Theory, Methods and Empirical Data","authors":"Åsa Wengelin","doi":"10.1163/9780080460932_008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9780080460932_008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract in Undetermined This chapter will address both theoretical and methodological issues in pause analysis. First, the theoretical assumptions concerning how pause analysis can contribute towards our understanding of written language production are discussed. Subsequently, some measures, methods and tools for automatic pause analysis are presented and some empirical analyses are given. Most of the analyses and tools presented will be based on the concept of a \"micro-context\". A micro-context is defined here as the context around a certain transition between two keystrokes. By categorising micro-contexts in terms of categories such as \"within word\", \"between words\", \"between letter and punctuation mark\", pause frequencies and durations in certain types of micro-contexts can easily be analysed automatically and we can quickly gain an impression of how writers use their pauses. Finally, the complexity of pause definitions and operationalisations of the same are addressed. In typing, each letter is produced as a discrete unit and each transition between two keystrokes is a possible candidate for a pause because there will always be a short inactivity between keystrokes. However, obviously not every transition should be defined as a pause. Intuitively, a pause is a transition time between two keystrokes, which is longer than what can be expected for the time needed to merely find the next key. To make a pause writers have to \"interrupt\" their typing considerably longer than the \"normal\" transition time between two keystrokes. The problem is how to define a good pause criterion, taking into account the different typing speeds of individual writers. (Less)","PeriodicalId":114168,"journal":{"name":"Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131725478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supporting Learning, Exploring Theory and Looking Forward With Keystroke Logging","authors":"K. Sullivan, E. Lindgren","doi":"10.1163/9780080460932_012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9780080460932_012","url":null,"abstract":"Keystroke logging is an approach to writing research that cart also be used in teaching and exploring existing theories. This chapter overviews how keystroke logging call be used, and has been used ...","PeriodicalId":114168,"journal":{"name":"Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132216905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Writing and the Analysis of Revision: An Overview","authors":"E. Lindgren, K. Sullivan","doi":"10.1163/9780080460932_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9780080460932_004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the reader to the complexities of revision analysis and problematises the issues surrounding the development of revision taxonomies, 'online' revision analysis and the categ ...","PeriodicalId":114168,"journal":{"name":"Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131667321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Keystroke Logging: An Introduction","authors":"Kristyan Spelman Miller, K. Sullivan","doi":"10.1163/9780080460932_002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9780080460932_002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the reader to keystroke logging of writing processes as a research method and places this method at the centre of writing research. We overview the features of the keystroke ...","PeriodicalId":114168,"journal":{"name":"Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127528003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysing Online Revision","authors":"E. Lindgren, K. Sullivan","doi":"10.1163/9780080460932_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9780080460932_010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents, discusses and illustrates a method for the analysis of revision of form and concepts in online writing. Keystroke logging was coupled with stimulated recall to assist the dev ...","PeriodicalId":114168,"journal":{"name":"Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115933597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Segmentation of the Writing Process in Translation: Experts Versus Novices","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9780080460932_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9780080460932_011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114168,"journal":{"name":"Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125897741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inputlog: New Perspectives on the Logging of On-Line Writing Processes in a Windows Environment","authors":"M. Leijten, L. Waes","doi":"10.1163/9780080460932_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9780080460932_006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114168,"journal":{"name":"Computer Key-Stroke Logging and Writing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134547984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}