The Impact of Tourism on the Marine Environment最新文献

{"title":"The Tourism Industry and the Marine Environment","authors":"J. Swarbrooke","doi":"10.23912/9781911635574-4438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23912/9781911635574-4438","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout this book we have been looking, primarily, at the negative impacts of tourism on the marine environment. It would appear reasonable to lay the blame for this at the door of the tourism industry, which facilitates the vacations that cause this harm and makes money from exploiting the marine environment and the other natural resources of tourist destinations around the world. However, things are not always that simple, as we will see in this chapter. For in tourism, and certainly land-based tourism, it has often been the tourism industry itself, and particularly the tour operation sector, which has often been leading the way on responsible tourism, often with little encouragement from the tourists themselves and usually no government regulation forcing them to act. Their motives may not have been altruistic but, nevertheless, they have taken action on a number of fronts, while events like the Responsible Tourism Days at World Travel Market in London have sought to share good practice around the tourism industry.","PeriodicalId":114099,"journal":{"name":"The Impact of Tourism on the Marine Environment","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133142205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Studies","authors":"Professor John Swarbrooke","doi":"10.23912/9781911635574-4458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23912/9781911635574-4458","url":null,"abstract":"In this section I offer a range of short case studies to illustrate issues covered in the text and provide detailed examples of what is happening in the relationship between tourism and the marine environment around the world at the time of writing, between autumn 2019 and spring 2020. As far as possible the sequencing of the case studies below seeks to mirror the structure used in the book starting at Chapter 1.","PeriodicalId":114099,"journal":{"name":"The Impact of Tourism on the Marine Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122009061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Marine Environment","authors":"J. Swarbrooke","doi":"10.23912/9781911635574-4454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23912/9781911635574-4454","url":null,"abstract":"The fact that open ocean covers two-thirds of the surface of our planet dramati- cally illustrates the importance of the marine environment to life on Earth. But the importance of the oceans goes far beyond their sheer size for it is the oceans that largely determine our climate for the weather around the world is heavily influenced by what happens in our seas. ‘Weather patterns are primarily controlled by ocean currents which are influenced by surface winds, temperature, salinity, the Earth’s rotation and ocean tides....Ocean currents bring warm water and rain from the equator to the poles and cold water from the poles towards the equator’ (www.greentumble.com, 2016). Every schoolchild knows that the sun evaporates water from the sea which then become clouds that then produces almost all of the rain and snow which falls on every land mass in the world. The oceans also absorb heat from the sun and from human activities; this heat is then carried to the land in those places where the prevailing winds blow from the sea to the land. At the same time, the oceans play a vital role in the carbon cycle by absorbing carbon dioxide that is in the air.","PeriodicalId":114099,"journal":{"name":"The Impact of Tourism on the Marine Environment","volume":"475 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129012364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conclusions and the Future","authors":"J. Swarbrooke, S. Horner","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-7506-6735-7.50028-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-6735-7.50028-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114099,"journal":{"name":"The Impact of Tourism on the Marine Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125242882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cruise Industry","authors":"J. Swarbrooke","doi":"10.23912/9781911635574-4462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23912/9781911635574-4462","url":null,"abstract":"In many ways the cruise industry is the success story of modern tourism. Less than 30 years ago commentators were predicting its demise after years of slow and steady decline. It had become an object of ridicule with the oft repeated joke that its customers consisted just of the ‘newly-wed, overfed, and the nearly dead’. The hit US TV show, ‘Love Boat’, set on a cruise ship, and broadcast from 1977 to 1986 seemed to mirror the decline of traditional cruising; highly popular with audiences in its early days its ratings fell and it was axed after nine years in 1986. And then, in the early 1990s, cruising went through a period of change that can only be described as revolutionary. American brands led the way in over-hauling the whole cruise experience in line with how consumer society was changing, making cruising both affordable and attractive to a wider range of demographic groups. It was no longer just for the rich and the elderly; the industry reached out to people of all ages and means. The market responded enthusiastically, and the cruise market has been growing steadily ever since. Today, cruise operators invest billions in new ships and developing new onboard experiences that will put them ahead of their competitors. Most coastal tourist destinations with any kind of port or harbour facility seek to attract as many cruise ships as possible, fully aware of the spending power of cruise passengers when they come ashore. For their part consumers are very loyal to the cruise experiences with an increasing number of people enjoying several cruises every year. There are now cruise channels on satellite and cable television and specialist cruise magazines that focus solely on cruise products and destinations. However, in the past few years, some commentators have begun to view the cruise sector through more critical eyes. Its environmental impact has not come under scrutiny until recently, as most attention has focused on the more obvious target, aviation. However, several high-profile news stories have begun to shine a spotlight on the environmental impact of cruise ships. This scrutiny is likely to intensify as more and more public and media attention is focused on the plight of our oceans and the impacts on them of global warming.","PeriodicalId":114099,"journal":{"name":"The Impact of Tourism on the Marine Environment","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124092697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}