Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S最新文献_第10页

Volumes Ratio Optimization in a Cascade Anaerobic Digestion System Producing Hydrogen and Methane 产氢和甲烷的级联厌氧消化系统的体积比优化

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2021-0014

E. Chorukova, I. Simeonov, L. Kabaivanova

{"title":"Volumes Ratio Optimization in a Cascade Anaerobic Digestion System Producing Hydrogen and Methane","authors":"E. Chorukova, I. Simeonov, L. Kabaivanova","doi":"10.2478/eces-2021-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2021-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As focus of humans has turned to renewable energy, the role of anaerobic digestion has started to become economically viable. Reducing the volume of agro-wastes for the generation of gaseous and liquid fractions with energy carriers and valuable products is an enormous challenge. A two-stage anaerobic digestion process consisting of hydrogenic stage followed by methanogenic stage was studied in a laboratory scale. Five simple nonlinear models of this continuous cascade process were studied in order to determine the optimal ratio of working volumes of bioreactors, in view of maximising energy production. This ratio was reported for all adopted models. The optimal ratio (maximal energy production criterion) depends of the adopted mathematical model. Static characteristics of both bioreactors were obtained using Symbolyc toolbox of Matlab. Numerical experiments concerning dynamics of the main variables of both bioreactors for these models using Simulink of Matlab are performed for different step changes of the dilution rate of the first bioreactor, together with the influence of the substrate (acetate) inhibition for one of the models. The value of the constant of inhibition plays an important role on the admissible interval of the dilution rate. The developed idea could serve for optimally designed experiments of anaerobic digestion for production of hydrogen and methane from lignocelluloses wastes (wheat straw) in two phase process.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"68 3 1","pages":"183 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73766139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The Issue of Shading Photovoltaic Installation Caused by Dust Accumulation on the Glass Surface 玻璃表面积灰引起的遮阳光伏安装问题

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2021-0013

M. Rudnicka, E. Klugmann-Radziemska

{"title":"The Issue of Shading Photovoltaic Installation Caused by Dust Accumulation on the Glass Surface","authors":"M. Rudnicka, E. Klugmann-Radziemska","doi":"10.2478/eces-2021-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2021-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The issue of accumulation of dust and other pollutants on the surface of photovoltaic modules was thoroughly analysed over the years. One of the first surveys in this field of knowledge linked pollutant accumulation on the module surface with transmittance loss of its glass covering, which leads to lessened amount of solar radiation reaching solar cells. First stage of this accumulation process is linear transparency loss, and second stage - molecule agglomeration and settlement some grains on the already existing layer of dust. Additionally, the pace of working parameters reduction for photovoltaic installation is influenced by the type of dust itself. Molecules with smaller grains cover the surface much more densely, therefore limiting the amount of light passing though the top glass layer far more than molecules with bigger grains. The aim of the carried out study was to find the relationship between dust surface density and change in electrical parameters. Such approach makes it possible to compare electrical and physical parameters of different photovoltaic modules. Additionally, glass coverage itself was noted to have a significant impact on the overall decrease in working parameters of PV modules.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"26 1","pages":"173 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81626223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Compost Produced with Addition of Sewage Sludge as a Source of Fe and Mn for Plants 污泥添加作为植物铁锰来源的堆肥研究

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2021-0019

K. Gondek, M. Mierzwa-Hersztek, M. Kopeć, I. Spałek

{"title":"Compost Produced with Addition of Sewage Sludge as a Source of Fe and Mn for Plants","authors":"K. Gondek, M. Mierzwa-Hersztek, M. Kopeć, I. Spałek","doi":"10.2478/eces-2021-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2021-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Direct application of sewage sludge to soil is controversial due to, among others, its highly variable composition, odour, and risks for health. The obtained composts with the addition of sewage sludge were tested for the contents and availability of manganese and iron. Once composts were applied to the soil, their effect on the content and availability of Mn and Fe in soil and bioaccumulation in the plant were determined. The addition of sewage sludge enriched composts with manganese and iron, but did not increase the content of water-extracted forms of Mn and Fe. The compost with addition of biochar had more organic matter-bound forms of Mn and Fe. Composts amended with sewage sludge had lower effect on the amount of Poa pratensis L. biomass than maize straw compost. The content of Mn and Fe in Poa pratensis L. was in the range permissible for biomass used as fodder. Smaller addition of all composts to the soil significantly increased the content of mobile manganese forms; however, neither the type nor the dose had effect on the content of iron mobile forms. There was no significant differences in the content of organic matter-bound forms of Mn and Fe in soil after the application of composts.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"67 1","pages":"259 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80745313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Mycoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Cadmium and Lead by Trichoderma sp. 木霉修复镉、铅污染土壤的研究。

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2021-0020

K. Bandurska, P. Krupa, A. Berdowska, I. Jatulewicz, I. Zawierucha

引用次数: 4

Heat Recovery of Compost Reactors: Field Study of Operational Behaviour, Heating Power and Influence Factors 堆肥反应器的热回收:运行行为、加热功率及影响因素的实地研究

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2021-0015

Nele Jaschke, T. Schmidt-Baum

{"title":"Heat Recovery of Compost Reactors: Field Study of Operational Behaviour, Heating Power and Influence Factors","authors":"Nele Jaschke, T. Schmidt-Baum","doi":"10.2478/eces-2021-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2021-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study evaluates the common process and set-up design of a static compost bioreactor for heat recovery. A technology, which fits the goal of a sustainable, growing bioeconomy which combines the utilization of compost heat and compost material. Interest on this technology has been growing the last years but precise data of pilot scale reactors is rare. Data is required to adjust the process for custom needs and further technical development. Therefore, lignin-cellulose based biomass was composted in unaerated cylindrical compost reactors size 20 to 70 m3 for 140 days. The biomass comes with C:N ratio of about 25:1, water content of 43-48 %, organic matter content of 40.6 % d.m. and calorific value of 8.3 MJ/kg d.m. Spatial distribution of temperature and gas concentration (oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane) within the reactor shows methane production of the anaerobic core area. Maximum thermal power of 5.2 kW from a 63 m3 reactor with average temperature of heating flow about 40 °C was reached. Maximum recovered heating power of 4.8 MJ/kg d.m. was calculated for an operation of 6 month. This corresponds to 50 % of the measured calorific value. Biggest influence factors detected on the recovered heating power of the pilot scale reactor has been the size of reactor, the set up quality and the control of heat exchanger. The spatial correlation between heat production and aerobic digestion suggests a technical development in terms of aeration.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"27 1","pages":"201 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88355908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Removal of Lead(II) and Zinc(II) from Aqueous Solutions Applying Fibber Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) 应用大麻纤维(Cannabis sativa L.)去除水溶液中的铅(II)和锌(II)

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2021-0017

D. Paliulis

引用次数: 1

Effects of Human Activities in the Coastal Zone of Laizhou Bay 人类活动对莱州湾海岸带的影响

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2021-0016

Min Wang, Mei Han, Hongkuan Hui, Yunlong Li

引用次数: 1

Mobility of Potentially Toxic Elements from the Abandoned Uranium Mine’s Spoil Bank 废弃铀矿矿渣库中潜在有毒元素的迁移性

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2021-0018

Lamlile Khumalo, G. Heltai, A. Várhegyi, M. Horváth

{"title":"Mobility of Potentially Toxic Elements from the Abandoned Uranium Mine’s Spoil Bank","authors":"Lamlile Khumalo, G. Heltai, A. Várhegyi, M. Horváth","doi":"10.2478/eces-2021-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2021-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study is part of the ongoing environmental monitoring program of the abandoned Mecsek uranium mine during the remediation period. During this program on the recultivated No.1 spoil bank, the radioactivity and the potentially toxic element (PTE) contents in the covering soil had shown some anomalies which refers to possible migration alongside the slope. Therefore, in a previous study, soil and plant samples were collected from top to bottom position of the slope and the total element content was determined by multi-elemental inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The results have indicated that there was a high possibility for PTEs to be mobile and available for uptake by plants. To confirm this indication in the present study for the soil samples the BCR sequential extraction procedure was applied to characterise the environmental mobility of PTEs, and it was compared with soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results indicated that the ratio of Cd, Co, Mn, Pb, and U in the non-residual fractions ranged between 36.8 to 100 % and increased from top to bottom direction. The comparison showed that the samples with the lowest pH and CEC had the most mobility of the PTEs. The distribution of U, Cd, Mn, Co, and Pb in fractions indicated that some parts of the spoil deposit require additional steps to hinder the migration through the covering soil layer, and the BCR sequential extraction procedure has proven to be useful in providing information for the planning and management of remediation operations.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"19 1","pages":"241 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79850907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Passive and Active Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Aerosol with the Use of Mosses 利用苔藓植物对大气气溶胶进行被动和主动生物监测

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2021-0012

N. Słonina, P. Świsłowski, M. Rajfur

引用次数: 6

Do We Still Need a Laboratory to Study Advanced Oxidation Processes? A Review of the Modelling of Radical Reactions used for Water Treatment 我们还需要实验室来研究高级氧化过程吗?水处理中自由基反应模型的研究进展

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/eces-2021-0002

S. Wacławek

{"title":"Do We Still Need a Laboratory to Study Advanced Oxidation Processes? A Review of the Modelling of Radical Reactions used for Water Treatment","authors":"S. Wacławek","doi":"10.2478/eces-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Environmental pollution due to humankind’s often irresponsible actions has become a serious concern in the last few decades. Numerous contaminants are anthropogenically produced and are being transformed in ecological systems, which creates pollutants with unknown chemical properties and toxicity. Such chemical pathways are usually examined in the laboratory, where hours are often needed to perform proper kinetic experiments and analytical procedures. Due to increased computing power, it becomes easier to use quantum chemistry computation approaches (QCC) for predicting reaction pathways, kinetics, and regioselectivity. This review paper presents QCC for describing the oxidative degradation of contaminants by advanced oxidation processes (AOP, i.e., techniques utilizing •OH for degradation of pollutants). Regioselectivity was discussed based on the Acid Blue 129 compound. Moreover, the forecasting of the mechanism of hydroxyl radical reaction with organic pollutants and the techniques of prediction of degradation kinetics was discussed. The reactions of •OH in various aqueous systems (explicit and implicit solvation) with water matrix constituents were reviewed. For example, possible singlet oxygen formation routes in the AOP systems were proposed. Furthermore, quantum chemical computation was shown to be an excellent tool for solving the controversies present in the field of environmental chemistry, such as the Fenton reaction debate [main species were determined to be: •OH < pH = 2.2 < oxoiron(IV)]. An ongoing discussion on such processes concerning similar reactions, e.g., associated with sulphate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOP), could, in the future, be enriched by similar means. It can be concluded that, with the rapid growth of computational power, QCC can replace most of the experimental investigations related to the pollutant’s remediation in the future; at the same time, experiments could be pushed aside for quality assessment only.","PeriodicalId":11395,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S","volume":"43 1","pages":"11 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86931477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23