Drug news & perspectives最新文献_第2页

Financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research: the need to improve the system. 生物医学研究中的经济利益冲突:改进系统的必要性。

Drug news & perspectives Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1521763

Amy T Wang, Victor M Montori, Mohammad Hassan Murad

引用次数: 3

Serotonin in the sudden infant death syndrome. 血清素在婴儿猝死综合症中的作用

Drug news & perspectives Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1453626

Karen Waters

{"title":"Serotonin in the sudden infant death syndrome.","authors":"Karen Waters","doi":"10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1453626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1453626","url":null,"abstract":"It seems likely that some infants who die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have a brainstem abnormality of the serotonergic system. Evidence suggests that infants who died from SIDS had defective respiratory and/or autonomic responses that led to death instead of recovery after an acute insult. The serotonergic neuromodulator system has roles in the control of cardiac autonomic and respiratory function, as well as now being identified as abnormal in infants with SIDS. This manuscript reviews the multiple roles of serotonin with reference to the functional aspects of the relevant brain regions. Correlations with pre- or postnatal exposure to stressors, or an underlying genetic process are also reviewed. Together, these studies indicate that perturbed function of the serotonin system will have significant physiological impact during early development. Understanding the functional importance of these systems assists understanding of the pathogenesis of SIDS. In conclusion, whether an infant inherits serotonergic defects and is therefore \"inherently vulnerable\", or whether postnatal stressors can induce the abnormalities, any functional abnormalities of the serotonergic system that result are likely to be subclinical in the majority of cases and not easily detected with current medical tools.","PeriodicalId":11325,"journal":{"name":"Drug news & perspectives","volume":"23 9","pages":"537-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29530927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Biomarkers for multiple sclerosis. 多发性硬化的生物标志物。

Drug news & perspectives Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1472300

Pablo Villoslada

{"title":"Biomarkers for multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Pablo Villoslada","doi":"10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1472300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1472300","url":null,"abstract":"The pursuit of personalized medicine requires the development of biomarkers to predict disease course, monitor disease evolution, stratify patient subgroups by disease activity and to predict and monitor response to therapies. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disease in young adults with an unpredictable course that may be associated with significant disability, diminishing the patient's quality of life. Currently, disease prognosis is based on clinical information (relapse rate and disability scales) and diagnostic tests (brain MRI or the presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid). However, the ability of neurologists to make an accurate prognosis is very limited based on such information, a situation perceived by patients as one of their biggest concerns. Although many recent studies have identified different molecules and imaging techniques associated with the course of MS, in most cases the diagnostic accuracy of such technologies has not been properly assessed. This shortcoming is partly due to the failure to validate such biomarkers, which impedes their application in clinical practice. However, the recent validation of anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies for Devic's disease and the development of optic coherent tomography for MS, are examples of the benefits that the development of MS biomarkers can offer. Indeed, it may currently be necessary to redress the bias in research towards clinical validation rather than discovery in order to promote translational research and improve patient's quality of life.","PeriodicalId":11325,"journal":{"name":"Drug news & perspectives","volume":"23 9","pages":"585-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29531329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Targeting DC-SIGN with carbohydrate multivalent systems. 碳水化合物多价系统靶向DC-SIGN。

Drug news & perspectives Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1437246

Macarena Sánchez-Navarro, Javier Rojo

{"title":"Targeting DC-SIGN with carbohydrate multivalent systems.","authors":"Macarena Sánchez-Navarro, Javier Rojo","doi":"10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1437246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1437246","url":null,"abstract":"DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin), a C-type lectin mainly present at the surface of immature dendritic cells, plays a relevant role activating and tailoring adaptive immune responses against different pathogens. This lectin recognizes, in a multivalent and calcium-dependent manner, highly glycosylated proteins present at the surface of pathogens. Several groups have devoted remarkable efforts to develop carbohydrate multivalent compounds targeting this lectin to modulate its role in pathogen capture and in the generation of an immune response. Most of these approaches have been based on mannosylation of immunogenic proteins such as ovalbumin but new strategies have been envisaged to achieve these goals. Although mannosylated systems cannot provide the required selectivity for a specific lectin at dendritic cells, fucosylated compounds have overcome this problem specifically targeting DC-SIGN and avoiding interferences with other lectins, such as the mannose receptor. The use of these carbohydrate multivalent compounds to target DC-SIGN can be considered a promising strategy to inhibit pathogen entry and to develop new vaccines against pathogen infection or cancer. New studies are required to provide more insights into the complex immune pathway involving DC-SIGN.","PeriodicalId":11325,"journal":{"name":"Drug news & perspectives","volume":"23 9","pages":"557-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29531327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Molecule of the month. Olaparib. 本月分子。Olaparib。

Drug news & perspectives Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1560181

引用次数: 0

Neu2000, an NR2B-selective, moderate NMDA receptor antagonist and potent spin trapping molecule for stroke. Neu2000，一种nr2b选择性，中等NMDA受体拮抗剂和脑卒中有效的自旋捕获分子。

Drug news & perspectives Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1513493

Sung Ig Cho, Ui Jin Park, Jun-Mo Chung, Byoung Joo Gwag

{"title":"Neu2000, an NR2B-selective, moderate NMDA receptor antagonist and potent spin trapping molecule for stroke.","authors":"Sung Ig Cho, Ui Jin Park, Jun-Mo Chung, Byoung Joo Gwag","doi":"10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1513493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1513493","url":null,"abstract":"Excess activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors, primarily N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and free radicals, evoke nerve cell death following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in various animal models. However, clinical trials in stroke patients using NMDA receptor antagonists have failed to show efficacy primarily due to the limited therapeutic time window for neuroprotection and a narrow therapeutic index. In comparison, antioxidants prolonged the time window for neuroprotection in animal models of ischemic stroke and showed greater therapeutic potential in clinical trials for ischemic stroke. Excess activation of NMDA receptors and free radicals mediate the two separate pathways of nerve cell death in stroke and a safe and multifunctional drug that can block both routes in the brain will likely provide a better therapeutic outcome in patients with stroke. Derivatives of the lead structures of sulfasalazine and aspirin have led to the discovery of a new molecule, Neu2000, that has demonstrated excellent neuroprotection against NMDA- and free radical-induced cell death. Neu2000 is an NR2B-selective, moderate NMDA receptor antagonist with potent cell-permeable, spin trapping antioxidant action even at nanomolar concentrations. Nonclinical and human phase I studies demonstrated that Neu2000 can be translated to treat patients with stroke with better efficacy and therapeutic time window.","PeriodicalId":11325,"journal":{"name":"Drug news & perspectives","volume":"23 9","pages":"549-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29530928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Targeting amyloid precursor protein secretases: Alzheimer's disease and beyond. 靶向淀粉样前体蛋白分泌酶:阿尔茨海默病及其他疾病。

Drug news & perspectives Pub Date : 2010-11-01 DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.9.1507297

J Kelly Ganjei

引用次数: 8

Prognostic and diagnostic value of des-γ-carboxy prothrombin in liver cancer. des-γ-羧基凝血酶原在肝癌中的预后及诊断价值。

Drug news & perspectives Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.8.1444236

Gaetano Bertino, Annalisa Maria Ardiri, Giuseppe Stefano Calvagno, Nicoletta Bertino, Patrizia Maria Boemi

{"title":"Prognostic and diagnostic value of des-γ-carboxy prothrombin in liver cancer.","authors":"Gaetano Bertino, Annalisa Maria Ardiri, Giuseppe Stefano Calvagno, Nicoletta Bertino, Patrizia Maria Boemi","doi":"10.1358/dnp.2010.23.8.1444236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1358/dnp.2010.23.8.1444236","url":null,"abstract":"Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) is an abnormal prothrombin induced by the absence of vitamin K₂ that is increased in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In hepatoma cells, genetic alterations, membrane receptors, the inability to uptake labeled low-density lipoprotein, cytoskeletal changes and hepatocyte cytoplasmic transfers involved in vitamin K metabolism could play an important role in producing detectable DCP serum levels. Serum DCP was found to have a sensitivity ranging from 48% to 62%, a specificity of 81% to 98% and a diagnostic accuracy of 59% to 84% for detecting HCC. Plasma DCP does not correlate with α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. However, when used together, the DCP and AFP assays increase the sensitivity of detecting HCC in more than 85% of patients. The specificity of the DCP assay appears to be superior to that of AFP. These biomarkers can complement ultrasound for early HCC detection, but neither DCP nor AFP is optimal. For small HCC, a high preoperative DCP level appears to be indicative of tumor recurrence. Recently, there has been attention given to DCP because of its role in detecting HCC recurrence after living donor liver transplant. More recent research has demonstrated that DCP stimulates human vascular endothelial cell growth and migration. All the data presented above demonstrate the importance of DCP in formulating a prognosis for patients with HCC.","PeriodicalId":11325,"journal":{"name":"Drug news & perspectives","volume":"23 8","pages":"498-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29429464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53

Microfluidic probes in the treatment of brain-related diseases. 微流控探针在脑相关疾病治疗中的应用。

Drug news & perspectives Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.8.1489887

William L Olbricht, Keith B Neeves, Conor P Foley

引用次数: 5

Molecule of the month. Linaclotide acetate. 本月分子。Linaclotide醋酸。

Drug news & perspectives Pub Date : 2010-10-01 DOI: 10.1358/dnp.2010.23.8.1538348

引用次数: 0