Dento maxillo facial radiology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of direct and digital measurements of peri-implant defects using CBCT, ultrasound, and intraoral scanning.","authors":"Mahmure Ayşe Tayman, Kıvanç Kamburoğlu, Esra Ece Çakmak","doi":"10.1093/dmfr/twag006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dmfr/twag006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the measurement accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), high-resolution ultrasound (US), and intraoral scanning (IOS) with the gold-standard direct method in the measurement of peri-implant bone defects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty standard-threaded and 38 aggressive-threaded (Aggressor) implants-identical in diameter and length (4.3/10 mm) but differing in macro-thread design-were placed into bovine rib bones in vitro. Dehiscence, 2/3-wall, and 4-wall (circumferential) defects were prepared around the implants. Each defect was measured for maximum width, depth, and height using CBCT, US, IOS, and direct manual measurement. Analyses were performed using the general linear model (ANOVA). A P-value < .05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intra-operator and inter-operator agreement showed high reliability (Gage R&R below 10%). For maximum width, defect type (F = 894.81, P < .001), method (F = 6.76, P < .001), and implant type (F = 5.39, P = .021) were significant. For maximum depth, defect type (F = 861.12, P < .001) and method (F = 3.39, P = .018) were significant. For maximum height, method (F = 12.62, P < .001) and defect type (F = 38.91, P < .001) were significant. The model demonstrated high explanatory power for width (R2 = 75.9%) and depth (R2 = 76.6%) measurements but lower for height (R2 = 20.7%). CBCT provided the most consistent results relative to direct measurements, followed by US, whereas IOS showed greater deviations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CBCT showed the highest agreement with direct measurements, followed by US, while IOS exhibited greater variability. Defect type and measurement modality were the primary determinants of accuracy. These findings indicate that CBCT and US can be considered reliable tools for assessing peri-implant bone defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":11261,"journal":{"name":"Dento maxillo facial radiology","volume":" ","pages":"370-380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Craniofacial measurements using zero echo time magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Yuka Uchimoto, Maziahtul Zawani Binti Munshi, Tadashi Sasai, Sven Kreiborg, Sanjay M Mallya, Fan-Pei Gloria Yang, Shumei Murakami","doi":"10.1093/dmfr/twag009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dmfr/twag009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Radiation exposure remains a major concern in dentomaxillofacial imaging, especially for children and young adults who require repeated examinations. A precise, non-ionizing alternative for craniofacial measurement would have significant implications for clinical practice. Computed tomography (CT) and cephalometry are widely used but expose patients to ionizing radiation. Zero Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging (ZTE-MRI) enables visualization of short-T2 tissues, including cortical bone, without radiation by minimizing TE towards zero; however, clinical head-and-neck use has been limited. The goal of the present study was to investigate the possibility of performing precise 3D measurements of the craniofacial regions using ZTE-MRI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-nine participants (mean age 32.14 ± 17.09 years; 23 female, 6 male) underwent MDCT and ZTE-MRI. Standard cephalometric landmarks were identified, yielding 27 linear and 21 angular variables. For each variable, linear regression analysis was performed for the results on MDCT (Multi-Detector CT) images and ZTE-MRI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen linear and eight angular variables had regression coefficients between 0.9 and 1.1, and 28 of the linear and 16 of the angular variables had R2 values of 0.81 or higher. Twenty-five linear and 16 angular variables showed Cohen's effect sizes within the ±0.8 range.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Variables derived from skeletal reference points showed clinically acceptable results, indicating that ZTE-MRI is useful for these measurements. In contrast, variables involving dental reference points demonstrated lower agreement, making accurate measurement in these regions difficult.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that ZTE-MRI allows feasible linear and angular craniofacial measurements used in dental practice and demonstrates good agreement with MDCT for major skeletal landmarks. These findings support its potential future clinical applicability for radiation-free bone assessment; however, further research is warranted to establish its performance across all measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":11261,"journal":{"name":"Dento maxillo facial radiology","volume":" ","pages":"399-408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of dental-dedicated MRI to 2D radiographic images and cone beam CT in the assessment of lower third molars: a prospective study.","authors":"Jennifer Christensen, Rubens Spin-Neto, Louise Hauge Matzen","doi":"10.1093/dmfr/twag011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dmfr/twag011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to show that the use of 0.55 T MRI combined with a \"dental-dedicated\" coil produces images of sufficient diagnostic value to assess lower third molars (LTMs), that are not inferior to currently utilized dental-oriented radiographic images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dental-dedicated MRI (ddMRI) scans were acquired using a Magnetom Free.Max 0.55 T scanner combined with a dedicated dental coil. Three observers assessed all images according to predefined criteria. Twenty percent of images were assessed twice by all observers. Kappa statistics were performed to assess intra- and inter-observer agreement as well as inter-modality agreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dental-dedicated MRI was acquired on 67 patients (89 LTMs) in addition to initial radiographic exams (intraoral, panoramic, and/or CBCT). Inter-observer agreement for each modality ranged from low to perfect (intraoral/panoramic 0.480-0.942 [average 0.74], CBCT 0.218-1.000 [average 0.69], ddMRI -0.038 to 0.889 [average 0.53]). Intra-observer agreement ranged from low to perfect (intraoral/panoramic -0.047 to 1.000 [average 0.76], CBCT 0.389-1.000 [average 0.83], ddMRI -0.025 to 1.000 [average 0.61]). Inter-modality agreement ranged from low to high (intraoral/panoramic vs CBCT -0.078 to 0.743 [average 0.32], intraoral/panoramic vs ddMRI -0.078 to 0.752 [average 0.30], CBCT vs ddMRI 0.074-0.886 [average 0.49]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dental-dedicated MRI could be a feasible diagnostic modality for LTM imaging. The modality shows promise for radiation-free imaging in the future.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>This article is the first to demonstrate the use of ddMRI in LTM imaging and to compare the modality to existing modalities. The added value of this radiation-free modality can be beneficial to dentists and patients in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":11261,"journal":{"name":"Dento maxillo facial radiology","volume":" ","pages":"354-361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146212421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mouse-tracking study on visualization of panoramic radiographs among Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology faculty.","authors":"Li Zhen Lim, Chun Ning Fong, Joey Jia Yi Lee, Pei Hua Cher, Yu Fan Sim, Peggy P Lee","doi":"10.1093/dmfr/twaf087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dmfr/twaf087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Panoramic radiographs (PANs) are a commonly used dental imaging modality and are complex to evaluate. This study aimed to use mouse-tracking technology to identify the visualization characteristics of experienced Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology (OMR) faculty when reviewing PANs and to assess relationships with detection accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen OMR faculty in US dental schools with 5 to 38 years of experience were recruited. Participants were shown 17 PANs (5 \"Normal\" and 12 \"Pathology\") over Zoom and instructed to move their mouse cursor in sync with their eye movements. Data collection was based on video recordings with X, Y coordinates auto-detected using mouse-tracking algorithms. Parameters collected included detection accuracy, time taken, completeness of search coverage, revisits and search patterns used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most common search patterns were Dental to Periphery (41.5%) and Periphery to Dental (37.7%). The mean accuracy score for all cases with pathology was 84.8%. Except for 2 cases with subtle findings (condylar fracture and fibrous dysplasia), mean accuracy scores ranged from 76.5% to 100%. There were no associations between search patterns and detection accuracy. Participants took longer durations and performed more complete searches with more revisits on \"Normal\" cases. They were more likely to use shorter search times with smaller coverage and perform single searches when correctly detecting lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Experienced OMRs were able to detect lesions without scanning the entire PAN and within a single search, regardless of the search pattern used.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>This is the first study using mouse-tracking algorithms to evaluate visualization characteristics on PANs. Experienced OMRs can conduct efficient and accurate reviews of PANs regardless of search strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11261,"journal":{"name":"Dento maxillo facial radiology","volume":" ","pages":"327-335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronucleus formation in oral mucosal cells following dental X-ray exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yaxin Wang, Rozita Hassan, Shanshan Cai, Liyana Ghazali, Anani Aila Bt Mat Zin, Sanhui Yang, Linxian Zeng","doi":"10.1093/dmfr/twaf075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dmfr/twaf075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radiographic imaging is essential in dental diagnostics, yet concerns persist regarding its genotoxic impact. While digital advancements have reduced radiation doses, the effects of X-ray exposure on oral mucosal cells remain debated. This study systematically reviews and quantitatively analyses the effects of X-ray exposure on micronucleus (MN) formation in oral epithelial cells, examining potential age-related variations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough literature review was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Scopus (updated to November 2024), adhering to PRISMA criteria. Eligible studies examined cytogenetic changes in oral epithelial cells after X-ray exposure in healthy individuals. Data extraction covered study design, imaging modality, radiation dose, MN frequency, and statistical methods. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. A random-effects model synthesized MN frequency changes, and Fisher's Z-transformation analysed age correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, with 16 centred on panoramic imaging and 2 examining a combination of cone-beam computed tomography and lateral cephalometric X-rays. Meta-analysis confirmed a significant increase in MN frequency post-exposure (standardized mean difference = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.07-0.52, P = .01), indicating genotoxic effects. However, age showed a weak correlation with MN formation (r = 0.149, 95% CI: -0.009 to 0.3, P = .065).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>X-ray exposure induces measurable genotoxic damage in oral epithelial cells, though age-related effects remain inconclusive. Adhering to the ALARA principle is crucial to minimizing unnecessary radiation. Future studies should employ larger cohorts and refined biomarkers to enhance risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11261,"journal":{"name":"Dento maxillo facial radiology","volume":" ","pages":"235-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancellous bone segmentation network in cone beam CT images for post-orthognathic assessment of condylar resorption.","authors":"Yuxuan Yang, Jupeng Li, Chen Zhong, Ruohan Ma, Xinyue Zhang, Yong Guo, Gang Li","doi":"10.1093/dmfr/twaf081","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dmfr/twaf081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Reliable cancellous bone segmentation in cone beam CT (CBCT) images is essential for post-orthognathic assessment of condylar resorption. However, challenges such as edge blurring and low contrast in CBCT images make effective segmentation difficult. This study aims to overcome these issues, providing a foundation for accurate bone quantification to enhance surgical planning and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We propose a novel approach to enhance edge-based segmentation for cancellous bone in CBCT images. By incorporating edge features from the cancellous bone region and utilizing cancellous edge localization as an auxiliary task via dual-branch fusion network (DBF-Net), our model leverages shared feature parameters across functions to improve segmentation accuracy and robustness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our DBF-Net outperformed other models, achieving Dice coefficient of 91.48%. And the 95% Hausdorff distance decreased to 3.88 mm, demonstrating significant improvement in cancellous bone boundary detection, which is crucial for the post-orthognathic assessment of condylar resorption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This method provides a robust solution for reliable cancellous bone segmentation in CBCT images to support the quantitative assessment of condylar resorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":11261,"journal":{"name":"Dento maxillo facial radiology","volume":" ","pages":"267-275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145370061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the accuracy of multiple-choice questions using different artificial intelligence-driven tools-an observational study.","authors":"Mohammed Najmuddin","doi":"10.1093/dmfr/twaf085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dmfr/twaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective was to assess the accuracy of different AI tools in providing the right responses for multiple choice questions (MCQs) and the time taken to complete the responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 80 MCQs, each with 4 options and a correct answer related to oral radiology used to assess the knowledge and skill across 5 different domains. The accuracy levels of ChatGPT, ChatGPT-4o (4o), Microsoft Co-pilot, DeepSeek, Gemini, and Meta AI were assessed and compared using the Chi-Square test. In addition, One-way ANOVA was used to compare the response time between different AI chatbots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, Microsoft Co-pilot and ChatGPT-4o had the highest accuracy. ChatGPT had the fastest response time. Microsoft Co-pilot and DeepSeek, though not significant, had the highest accuracy for knowledge-based and skill-based queries. For accuracy on 5 domains, Microsoft Co-pilot and ChatGPT-4o had an accuracy of 100% for radiographic safety and DeepSeek was more accurate for radiographic diagnosis. Students took more time to respond than the collective time taken by AI chatbots.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Microsoft Co-pilot had an overall higher accuracy, responded more accurately for knowledge-based questions, and was 100% accurate for queries related to radiographic safety. ChatGPT-4o had the second highest accuracy and DeepSeek served better for radiographic diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11261,"journal":{"name":"Dento maxillo facial radiology","volume":" ","pages":"287-291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145687409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiomic texture mapping improves visualization of simulated condylar bone lesions in cone beam computed tomography.","authors":"Victoria Geisa Brito de Oliveira, Larissa Ferreira Ribeiro, Jeniffer de Paula Reis, Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves, André Luiz Ferreira Costa, Sérgio Lúcio Pereira de Castro Lopes","doi":"10.1093/dmfr/twag003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dmfr/twag003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess whether texture feature maps (TFMs) derived from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images improve the detection of small simulated condylar defects and to examine the influence of voxel size.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight dry mandibles received 3 spherical defects (0.9, 1.0, 1.2 mm) in each condyle. CBCT scans were performed at voxel sizes of 0.20 mm and 0.40 mm. Sagittal and coronal slices were exported and processed in MaZda software to generate Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM)-based texture maps (contrast, entropy, etc). Three experienced radiologists independently evaluated randomized images for the presence of cortical defects. Kappa, McNemar, and Fisher tests (α = .05) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrast-based TFMs yielded the highest diagnostic performance, with Kappa values ranging from 0.78 to 1.00 and significant improvement over unprocessed images (P < .05). Entropy maps showed the poorest performance. There was no significant effect of voxel size or defect dimension. TFMs enhanced interobserver agreement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Texture feature maps, especially based on contrast, may enhance visualization of subtle condylar bone defects independent of voxel size. This post-processing approach could provide a low-dose adjunct to improve CBCT diagnostic confidence in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) imaging.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>This study introduces the use of texture feature maps in CBCT evaluation of the mandibular condyle, demonstrating that contrast-based mapping enhances detection of subtle bone defects and may support early TMJ diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11261,"journal":{"name":"Dento maxillo facial radiology","volume":" ","pages":"292-300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging multimodal large language model chatbots in oral radiology: a comprehensive evaluation using questions from a Korean dental university.","authors":"Hui Jeong, Kug Jin Jeon, Chena Lee, Yoon Joo Choi, Gyu-Dong Jo, Sang-Sun Han","doi":"10.1093/dmfr/twaf083","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dmfr/twaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of general-purpose multimodal large language model (LLM) chatbots in oral radiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety text- and image-based oral radiology questions from a Korean dental university were extracted and categorized into six educational contents and two question types. ChatGPT-4o and Gemini 2.0 Flash were evaluated with following items: accuracy with group differences across six contents (using Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction, P < .0167), answer consistency across ten repeated outputs (evaluated as the mean agreement and Fleiss' kappa coefficient), and hallucination (evaluated as the mean of the 5-point Global Quality Score assigned by two oral radiologists).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multimodal LLM chatbots (ChatGPT-4o and Gemini 2.0 Flash) achieved excellent performance on text-based questions with over 80% accuracy but showed limited performance on image-based tasks, with accuracy under 30%. Additionally, image-based tasks exhibited high response variability, and hallucinations were frequently observed, providing incorrect information. These findings suggest that AI chatbots are not yet suitable for reliable use in oral radiology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provided timely insights into the capabilities and limitations of general-purpose multimodal LLM chatbots in the oral radiology, and will serve as a foundation for more safe and effective applications of AI chatbots in the oral radiology field in the future.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>This is the first study to comprehensively assess multimodal LLM chatbots in oral radiology. It provides key insights into the performance benchmarks for AI chatbots in oral radiology, promoting the responsible and transparent integration of AI into dental education.</p>","PeriodicalId":11261,"journal":{"name":"Dento maxillo facial radiology","volume":" ","pages":"276-286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and gender based variations in upper pharyngeal airway space: a retrospective study on the Upper Egypt population.","authors":"Dina Gamil Anis, Rania Yousif ElMasry, Maha Eshaq Amer, Norhan Aly Abdelhaleem, Nermien Aly Mohamed","doi":"10.1093/dmfr/twag005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/dmfr/twag005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Upper airway assessment is crucial due to its impact on craniofacial growth and airway-related disorders. This retrospective observational cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the upper pharyngeal airway (UPA) space volume and minimum cross-sectional area (MCSA) in a normal sample from Upper Egypt population, analysing age and gender-related variations using cone-beam computed tomography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety cone beam computed tomography scans of patients aged 18-60 years were evaluated. The sample was divided into 3 groups (Group I: ≤20 years, Group II: 21-40 years, and Group III: >40 years). Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups according to gender. Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and total airway volumes, as well as the MCSA, were calculated using Dolphin 3D software. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed significant gender differences. Males exhibited larger airway dimensions across all age groups except for nasopharyngeal volumes in adults over 20 years. A decline in airway volumes and MCSA in individuals over 40 years. The most constricted airway area predominantly occurred in the oropharynx. A strong positive correlation exists between MCSA and airway volumes. Very good inter- and intra-observer agreement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Upper pharyngeal airway dimensions in a sample of the Upper Egyptian population are influenced by age and gender, highlighting the need for age and gender specific considerations in the diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Advances in knowledge: </strong>This study is the first to evaluate age and gender-related variations in UPA volume within the Upper Egypt population. Also, it introduces a discriminant model that provides a probabilistic classification of the site of MCSA with 62.2% accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11261,"journal":{"name":"Dento maxillo facial radiology","volume":" ","pages":"301-313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}