Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Can You Get Work if You Network? The Role of Networks in Job Access for French Youth","authors":"Fathi Fakhfakh, A. Vignes, Jihan Ghrairi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3100399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3100399","url":null,"abstract":"French youth suffer from a high level of unemployment. This article evaluates how different social and individual characteristics influence job access channels. We distinguish between school and social networks and show that workers use networks differently depending on their characteristics. Using the French Enquete Emploi, we estimate a multinomial probit model controlling for selection. Our findings show that school networks help graduates, whereas social networks are more fruitful for the low educated. Being a woman or having non-French parents reduces the probability of finding a job through either network. Public institutions appear to be particularly important for disadvantaged areas.","PeriodicalId":111949,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128116830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High School Value-Added and Labor Market Outcomes","authors":"Evan Totty","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3203759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3203759","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the sparse literature on the lasting impact of teacher and school value-added on adult outcomes by estimating value-added scores for high schools and linking these scores to a student-level dataset on college performance. After controlling for detailed student and high school characteristics, one standard deviation increase in high school value-added increases the probability of graduating from college by six percentage points and final GPA by 0.05-0.08 points on a 4.0 scale. Most of the GPA impact occurs in early semesters. There is some evidence that the impact may be largest for male students and Black students.","PeriodicalId":111949,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128109132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spillover Effects within Families: Evidence from Teen Mothers and Their Siblings’ Performance from High School Through College","authors":"Jennifer A Heissel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3076126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3076126","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. teen birth rate remains high relative to other industrialized countries. Despite extensive literature on teen mothers and their children, almost no research has examined the rest of the mother’s family. I address this gap, finding that teen birth negatively affects the mother’s younger siblings. To estimate this effect, I use several matched control methods, all of which compare siblings of teen mothers to similar students in other families. I show that it is important to control for pre-existing downward trajectories in these families, both for estimating sibling spillovers and for estimating the effect on the mother herself.","PeriodicalId":111949,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131071593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"노인가구의 부채부담과 부채상환가능성 분석: 노인가구 유형에 따른 비교 (Debt Burden and Debt Repayment Possibility of Elderly Households: Comparison of Elderly Household Types)","authors":"Da-Eun Jung, Kyung-Wook Cha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3085190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3085190","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Korean Abstract:</b> 본 연구에서는 노인가구의 유형을 부부노인가구, 여성노인가구, 남성노인가구로 구분하여, 부채보유 여부와 부채보유액이 유의한 차이가 있는지 검증하고, 유형별 노인가구를 대상으로 부채보유 여부에 따른 가계 특성을 비교하였다. 또한 부채를 보유한 노인가구를 대상으로 가구유형별 가계 특성을 비교하였고, 부채부담지표와 부채상환가능성을 비교하였다. 2014년 노인실태조사 원자료를 사용하였고, 동거 가구원이 없는 노인가구 6,340가구의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부부노인가구의 33.7%, 남성노인가구의 24.1%, 여성노인가구의 16.8%가 부채를 보유하고 있었으며, 부채보유액 평균은 각각 8,616만원, 5,829만원, 4,184만원이었다. 둘째, 부채보유가구는 부채미보유가구 보다 평균연령이 낮고, 교육수준은 높았다. 부채보유가구는 부채미보유가구 보다 연간소득, 연간소비지출, 총자산, 부동산자산이 유의하게 많았다. 여성노인가구와 남성노인가구의 경우, 부채보유가구의 소득 대비 소비지출의 비중이 부채미보유가구 보다 높아, 부채상환의 여력이 부족함을 보여주었다. 모든 유형의 부채보유가구에서 총자산 대비 부동산자산의 비중이 90%에 이르러, 유동성이 취약한 구조를 나타냈다. 셋째, 부부노인가구의 79.1%가 총자산 대비 총부채의 준거기준을 총족한 반면, 남성노인가구는 57.1%만이 충족하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 현재의 근로․사업소득, 연금소득, 사적, 공적이전소득을 유지한다고 가정할 때, 부부노인가구의 65.3%, 여성노인가구의 63.3%, 남성노인가구의 70.5%가 총자산을 처분하여 부채상환이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 근로․사업소득이 중단되는 경우를 가정하면, 부부노인가구의 44.9%, 여성노인가구의 53.3%, 남성노인가구의 55.2%가 부채상환이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. <b>English Abstract:</b> This study compared the percentage of debt holdings and the amount of debt by elderly household types - elderly couple household, female-elderly household, and male- elderly household, and compared socioeconomic, financial characteristics, and the level of life satisfaction between debt holding households and the others. Also, this study analyzed debt burden index (total asset to total debt ratio, financial asset to total debt ratio), and the possibility of debt repayment. Using the 2014 Survey of the Elderly, data from 6,340 elderly households were analyzed. The findings are as follows. About 33.7% of elderly couple households, 24.1% of male-elderly households, and 16.8% of female-elderly households had debt, and average amount of debt was 86.2million won, 58.3million won and 41.8 million won, respectively. Elderly householders who had debt were older, highly educated than those who did not, and had significantly higher income, consumption expenditure, total assets and real estates than the others. For all types of elderly households, the proportion of real estate in total assets reached 90%. About 79.1% of elderly couple households met the guideline of total asset to total debt ratio, while 57.1% of male-elderly households did. Assuming that the current labor and business income, pension income, private and public transfer income were maintained, it would be possible to repay the debt by disposing of their total assets for 65.3% of elderly couple households, 63.3% of female-elderly households, and 70.5% of male-elderly households. If they lost their labor and business income, 44.9% of the elderly couple households, 53.3% of female-elderly households and 55.2% of male-elderly households could repay the debt.","PeriodicalId":111949,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117009288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in the Effects of Personal Resources, Family Resources, and Multiple Partners on Fertility","authors":"R. Hopcroft","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3014146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3014146","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the association of personal and family income and wealth on completed fertility and number of child bearing unions for men and women using newly released data from 2014 wave of the Survey of Income and Program Participation by the U.S. Census that contain the first national measures of complete male and female fertility as well as measures of multi-partner fertility. Results show that personal income and net worth are positively associated with total fertility and number of child bearing unions for men and negatively associated with total fertility and number of child bearing unions for women. Family income is negatively associated with fertility and number of child bearing unions for men and positively associated with total fertility for women. These results suggest that the source of income and wealth (either from the individual him or herself or from the individual’s family) influences the fertility of men and women very differently and conform to evolutionary predictions concerning the role of male and female status in fertility behavior.","PeriodicalId":111949,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133637949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Employment Elasticity of the Minimum Wage: Is It Just Politics after All?","authors":"Jesse Wursten","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3076878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3076878","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of minimum wages on employment is highly disputed. The main questions in the literature are on how to deal with spatial heterogeneity and dynamics. We use statistical (multi-factor error models) and economic (political ideology as control variable) methods to address the first. Furthermore, we extend the models to a dynamic setting to estimate more long term effects. We find that these enriched models all suggest there are no economically significant negative employment effects attached to moderate increases in the minimum wage.","PeriodicalId":111949,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116770439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Medical Care Costs of Youth Obesity: An Instrumental Variables Approach","authors":"Adam I. Biener, J. Cawley, C. Meyerhoefer","doi":"10.3386/w23682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23682","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the first to use the method of instrumental variables (IV) to estimate the impact of obesity on medical costs in order to address the endogeneity of weight and to reduce the bias from reporting error in weight. Models are estimated using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for 2000-2005. The IV model, which exploits genetic variation in weight as a natural experiment, yields estimates of the impact of obesity on medical costs that are considerably higher than the correlations reported in the previous literature. For example, obesity is associated with $676 higher annual medical care costs, but the IV results indicate that obesity raises annual medical costs by $2,826 (in 2005 dollars). The estimated annual cost of treating obesity in the U.S. adult non-institutionalized population is $168.4 billion or 16.5% of national spending on medical care. These results imply that the previous literature has underestimated the medical costs of obesity, resulting in underestimates of the cost effectiveness of anti-obesity interventions and the economic rationale for government intervention to reduce obesity-related externalities.","PeriodicalId":111949,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116491355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption and Income Inequality in the U.S. Since the 1960s","authors":"Bruce D. Meyer, James X. Sullivan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3037000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3037000","url":null,"abstract":"Official income inequality statistics indicate a sharp rise in inequality over the past five decades. These statistics do not accurately reflect inequality because income is poorly measured, particularly in the tails of the distribution, and current income differs from permanent income, failing to capture the consumption paid for through borrowing and dissaving and the consumption of durables such as houses and cars. We examine income inequality between 1963 and 2014 using the Current Population Survey and consumption inequality between 1960 and 2014 using the Consumer Expenditure Survey. We construct improved measures of consumption, focusing on its well-measured components that are reported at a high and stable rate relative to national accounts. While overall income inequality (as measured by the 90/10 ratio) rose over the past five decades, the rise in overall consumption inequality was small. The patterns for the two measures differ by decade, and they moved in opposite directions after 2006. Income inequality rose in both the top and bottom halves of the distribution, but increases in consumption inequality are only evident in the top half. The differences are also concentrated in single parent families and single individuals. Although changing demographics can account for some of the changes in consumption inequality, they account for little of the changes in income inequality. Consumption smoothing cannot explain the differences between income and consumption at the very bottom, but the declining quality of income data can. Asset price changes likely account for some of the differences between the measures in recent years for the top half of the distribution.","PeriodicalId":111949,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123476406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable Marriage with and Without Transferable Utility: Nonparametric Testable Implications","authors":"L. Cherchye, T. Demuynck, B. De Rock, Frederic Vermeulen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3052218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3052218","url":null,"abstract":"We show that transferable utility has no nonparametrically testable implications for marriage stability in settings with a single consumption observation per household and heterogeneous individual preferences across households. This completes the results of Cherchye, Demuynck, De Rock, and Vermeulen (2017), who characterized Pareto efficient household consumption under the assumption of marriage stability without transferable utility. First, we show that the nonparametric testable conditions established by these authors are not only necessary but also sufficient for rationalizability by a stable marriage matching. Next, we demonstrate that exactly the same testable implications hold with and without transferable utility between household members. We build on this last result to provide a primal and dual linear programming characterization of a stable matching allocation for the observational setting at hand. This provides an explicit specification of the marital surplus function rationalizing the observed matching behavior.","PeriodicalId":111949,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128774826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Paternity Leave on Fertility and Labor Market Outcomes","authors":"Ĺıdia Farré, Libertad González","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2998974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2998974","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the effects of a father quota in the parental leave period on households' labor market and fertility decisions. Identification is based on the 2007 reform of the Spanish family benefit system, which extended the sixteen weeks of paid parental leave by two additional weeks exclusively reserved for fathers and non- transferable to mothers. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that the reform substantially increased the take-up rate of fathers (by as much as 400%), as well as the re-employment probability of mothers shortly after childbirth (by about 11%). However, it did not affect parents' longer-term leave-taking or employment behavior. We also find that the introduction of the two weeks of paternity leave delayed higher- order births and reduced subsequent fertility among older women (by about 15%). These results suggest a limited scope for the father quota to alter household behaviors beyond the parental leave period and reduce gender inequality at the workplace.","PeriodicalId":111949,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Models of Household Behavior eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130975948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}