Diabetes Care最新文献

{"title":"Gastrointestinal Infections Modulate the Risk for Insulin Autoantibodies as the First-Appearing Autoantibody in the TEDDY Study.","authors":"Maria Lönnrot, Kristian F Lynch, Marian Rewers, Åke Lernmark, Kendra Vehik, Beena Akolkar, William Hagopian, Jeffrey Krischer, Rickhard A McIndoe, Jorma Toppari, Anette-G Ziegler, Joseph F Petrosino, Richard Lloyd, Heikki Hyöty","doi":"10.2337/dc23-0518","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dc23-0518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate gastrointestinal infection episodes (GIEs) in relation to the appearance of islet autoantibodies in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) cohort.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>GIEs on risk of autoantibodies against either insulin (IAA) or GAD (GADA) as the first-appearing autoantibody were assessed in a 10-year follow-up of 7,867 children. Stool virome was characterized in a nested case-control study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GIE reports (odds ratio [OR] 2.17 [95% CI 1.39-3.39]) as well as Norwalk viruses found in stool (OR 5.69 [1.36-23.7]) at <1 year of age were associated with an increased IAA risk at 2-4 years of age. GIEs reported at age 1 to <2 years correlated with a lower risk of IAA up to 10 years of age (OR 0.48 [0.35-0.68]). GIE reports at any other age were associated with an increase in IAA risk (OR 2.04 for IAA when GIE was observed 12-23 months prior [1.41-2.96]). Impacts on GADA risk were limited to GIEs <6 months prior to autoantibody development in children <4 years of age (OR 2.16 [1.54-3.02]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bidirectional associations were observed. GIEs were associated with increased IAA risk when reported before 1 year of age or 12-23 months prior to IAA. Norwalk virus was identified as one possible candidate factor. GIEs reported during the 2nd year of life were associated with a decreased IAA risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11140,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Care","volume":" ","pages":"1908-1915"},"PeriodicalIF":14.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10620548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family Typology for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Longitudinal Stability and Validity for Diabetes Management and Well-being.","authors":"Lindsay S Mayberry, Shilin Zhao, McKenzie K Roddy, Andrew J Spieker, Cynthia A Berg, Lyndsay A Nelson, Robert A Greevy","doi":"10.2337/dc23-0827","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dc23-0827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We validated longitudinally a typology of diabetes-specific family functioning (named Collaborative and Helpful, Satisfied with Low Involvement, Want More Involvement, and Critically Involved) in adults with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We conducted k-means cluster analyses with nine dimensions to determine if the typology replicated in a diverse sample and if type assignment was robust to variations in sampling and included dimensions. In a subsample with repeated assessments over 9 months, we examined the stability and validity of the typology. We also applied a multinomial logistic regression approach to make the typology usable at the individual level, like a diagnostic tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants (N = 717) were 51% male, more than one-third reported minority race or ethnicity, mean age was 57 years, and mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 7.9% (63 mmol/mol; 8.7% [72 mmol/mol] for the longitudinal subsample). The typology was replicated with respect to the number of types and dimension patterns. Type assignment was robust to sampling variations (97% consistent across simulations). Type had an average 52% stability over time within participants; instability was not explained by measurement error. Over 9 months, type was independently associated with HbA1c, diabetes self-efficacy, diabetes medication adherence, diabetes distress, and depressive symptoms (all P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The typology of diabetes-specific family functioning was replicated, and longitudinal analyses suggest type is more of a dynamic state than a stable trait. However, type varies with diabetes self-management and well-being over time as a consistent independent indicator of outcomes. The typology is ready to be applied to further precision medicine approaches to behavioral and psychosocial diabetes research and care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11140,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Care","volume":" ","pages":"2058-2066"},"PeriodicalIF":14.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10620540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10233160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Declining Incidence Rates of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Denmark, With Indications of Distinct Patterns in Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Hatice Isik Mizrak, Tine Willum Hansen, Peter Rossing, Viktor Rotbain Curovic, Dorte Vistisen, Hanan Amadid, Christian Stevns Hansen","doi":"10.2337/dc23-0312","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dc23-0312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It is not known if incidence rates for diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) are decreasing, as they are for other diabetic complications. Here, we investigated incidence rates of DSPN in type 1 and type 2 diabetes in a large population-based study.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>In the period 1996 to 2018, 19,342 individuals were identified at a Danish tertiary diabetes center. Vibration perception threshold was assessed by biothesiometry and repeated throughout the study. Exclusion of prevalent DSPN cases or missing data left data on 9,473 individuals for analysis of DSPN using a cutoff of >25 V and on 2,783 individuals for analysis using an age-, sex-, and height-specific cutoff. Poisson regression analysis was used to model incidence rates of DSPN for both cutoff types and separately for diabetes types. Covariates were sex, age, diabetes duration, and calendar time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incidence rates (95% CI) of DSPN decreased from 1996 to 2018 (e.g., from 4.78 [3.60-6.33]/100 person-years [PY] to 1.15 [0.91-1.47]/100 PY for 40-year-old men with type 1 diabetes and from 16.54 [11.80-23.18]/100 PY to 8.02 [6.63-9.69]/100 PY for 60-year-old men with type 2 diabetes, when using >25 V as the cutoff value). Analyses using age-, sex-, and height-specific cutoff values demonstrated similar incidence patterns by calendar time without sex differences. For type 1 diabetes, decreasing incidence rates were seen with older age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incidence rates for DSPN are declining in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, possibly due to improved diabetes treatment. This causality remains to be explored. Distinct age-related patterns indicate that the pathophysiology of DSPN may differ between diabetes types.</p>","PeriodicalId":11140,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Care","volume":" ","pages":"1997-2003"},"PeriodicalIF":14.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10120287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues and Events","authors":"","doi":"10.2337/dc23-ie11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-ie11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11140,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Care","volume":"22 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136234907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In This Issue of <i>Diabetes Care</i>","authors":"Max Bingham","doi":"10.2337/dc23-ti11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-ti11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11140,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Care","volume":"83 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Skin Care Program to Prevent Skin Problems due to Diabetes Devices in Children and Adolescents: A Cluster-Controlled Intervention Study.","authors":"Anna Korsgaard Berg,&nbsp;Annemarie Cecilie Grauslund,&nbsp;Fiona Sørensen,&nbsp;Steffen Ullitz Thorsen,&nbsp;Jacob P Thyssen,&nbsp;Claus Zachariae,&nbsp;Jannet Svensson","doi":"10.2337/dc23-0462","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dc23-0462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diabetes devices that deliver insulin and measure blood glucose levels are cornerstones in modern treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, their use is frequently associated with the development of skin problems, particularly eczema and wounds. Proper skin care may prevent skin problems, yet evidence-based information from interventional studies is missing. Providing this information is the aim of this study.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This cluster-controlled intervention study tested the efficacy of a basic skin care program (including use of lipid cream, removal, and avoidance of disinfection). A total of 170 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were included and assigned either to the intervention group (n = 112) or the control group (n = 58). Participants were seen quarterly the first year after device initiation, with clinical assessment and interview in an unblinded setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eczema or wounds were observed in 33.6% of the intervention group compared with 46.6% of control participants (absolute difference, 12.9% [95% CI -28.7%, 2.9%]; P = 0.10). The adjusted odds of wound development were decreased by 71% in the intervention compared with control group (for wounds, odds ratio 0.29 [95% CI 0.12, 0.68]; P = 0.005). In total, only eight infections were seen, without a higher frequency in the intervention group, despite advice to omit disinfection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data indicate our basic skin care program partially prevented diabetes device-induced skin reactions. However, more preventive strategies with other adhesives, patches, and/or types of lotions are needed for optimized prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":11140,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Care","volume":" ","pages":"1770-1777"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9850846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Differentiates Subgroups of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes.","authors":"Deborah Osafehinti, Surya N Mulukutla, Christiane S Hampe, Ruchi Gaba, Nalini Ram, Michael N Weedon, Richard A Oram, Ashok Balasubramanyam","doi":"10.2337/dc23-0622","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dc23-0622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) differentiates the four Aβ subgroups of ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD), where A+ and A- define the presence or absence of islet autoantibodies and β+ and β- define the presence or absence of β-cell function.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>We compared T1D genetic risk scores (GRS) of patients with KPD across subgroups, race/ethnicity, β-cell function, and glycemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 426 patients with KPD (54% Hispanic, 31% African American, 11% White), rank order of GRS was A+β- > A+β+ = A-β- > A-β+. GRS of A+β- KPD was lower than that of a T1D cohort, and GRS of A-β+ KPD was higher than that of a type 2 diabetes cohort. GRS was lowest among African American patients, with a similar distribution across KPD subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>T1D genetic risk delineates etiologic differences among KPD subgroups. Patients with A+β- KPD have the highest and those with A-β+ KPD the lowest GRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11140,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Care","volume":" ","pages":"1778-1782"},"PeriodicalIF":14.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10516251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9888411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining the Definition of Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes: An Ontology-Driven Analysis of the Heterogeneity of Multiple Islet Autoimmunity.","authors":"Brigitte I Frohnert, Mohamed Ghalwash, Ying Li, Kenney Ng, Jessica L Dunne, Markus Lundgren, William Hagopian, Olivia Lou, Christiane Winkler, Jorma Toppari, Riitta Veijola, Vibha Anand","doi":"10.2337/dc22-1960","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dc22-1960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the risk of progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes based on varying definitions of multiple islet autoantibody positivity (mIA).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Type 1 Diabetes Intelligence (T1DI) is a combined prospective data set of children from Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S. who have an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Analysis included 16,709 infants-toddlers enrolled by age 2.5 years and comparison between groups using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 865 (5%) children with mIA, 537 (62%) progressed to type 1 diabetes. The 15-year cumulative incidence of diabetes varied from the most stringent definition (mIA/Persistent/2: two or more islet autoantibodies positive at the same visit with two or more antibodies persistent at next visit; 88% [95% CI 85-92%]) to the least stringent (mIA/Any: positivity for two islet autoantibodies without co-occurring positivity or persistence; 18% [5-40%]). Progression in mIA/Persistent/2 was significantly higher than all other groups (P < 0.0001). Intermediate stringency definitions showed intermediate risk and were significantly different than mIA/Any (P < 0.05); however, differences waned over the 2-year follow-up among those who did not subsequently reach higher stringency. Among mIA/Persistent/2 individuals with three autoantibodies, loss of one autoantibody by the 2-year follow-up was associated with accelerated progression. Age was significantly associated with time from seroconversion to mIA/Persistent/2 status and mIA to stage 3 type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 15-year risk of progression to type 1 diabetes risk varies markedly from 18 to 88% based on the stringency of mIA definition. While initial categorization identifies highest-risk individuals, short-term follow-up over 2 years may help stratify evolving risk, especially for those with less stringent definitions of mIA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11140,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Care","volume":" ","pages":"1753-1761"},"PeriodicalIF":14.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10516254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10830237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"David B Sacks, Mark Arnold, George L Bakris, David E Bruns, Andrea R Horvath, Åke Lernmark, Boyd E Metzger, David M Nathan, M Sue Kirkman","doi":"10.2337/dci23-0036","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dci23-0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous laboratory tests are used in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. The quality of the scientific evidence supporting the use of these assays varies substantially.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>An expert committee compiled evidence-based recommendations for laboratory analysis in screening, diagnosis, or monitoring of diabetes. The overall quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations were evaluated. The draft consensus recommendations were evaluated by invited reviewers and presented for public comment. Suggestions were incorporated as deemed appropriate by the authors (see Acknowledgments). The guidelines were reviewed by the Evidence Based Laboratory Medicine Committee and the Board of Directors of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry and by the Professional Practice Committee of the American Diabetes Association.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>Diabetes can be diagnosed by demonstrating increased concentrations of glucose in venous plasma or increased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the blood. Glycemic control is monitored by the people with diabetes measuring their own blood glucose with meters and/or with continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (CGM) devices and also by laboratory analysis of HbA1c. The potential roles of noninvasive glucose monitoring, genetic testing, and measurement of ketones, autoantibodies, urine albumin, insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide are addressed.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The guidelines provide specific recommendations based on published data or derived from expert consensus. Several analytes are found to have minimal clinical value at the present time, and measurement of them is not recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":11140,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Care","volume":" ","pages":"e151-e199"},"PeriodicalIF":14.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10516260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular and Microvascular Diseases in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults.","authors":"Yuxia Wei, Katharina Herzog, Emma Ahlqvist, Tomas Andersson, Thomas Nyström, Yiqiang Zhan, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Sofia Carlsson","doi":"10.2337/dc23-0739","DOIUrl":"10.2337/dc23-0739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a heterogenous, slowly progressing autoimmune diabetes. We aim to contribute new knowledge on the long-term prognosis of LADA with varying degrees of autoimmunity by comparing it to type 2 diabetes and adult-onset type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This Swedish population-based study included newly diagnosed LADA (n = 550, stratified into LADAlow and LADAhigh by median autoimmunity level), type 2 diabetes (n = 2,001), adult-onset type 1 diabetes (n = 1,573), and control subjects without diabetes (n = 2,355) in 2007-2019. Register linkages provided information on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and clinical characteristics during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mortality was higher in LADA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.44; 95% CI 1.03, 2.02), type 1 (2.31 [1.75, 3.05]), and type 2 diabetes (1.31 [1.03, 1.67]) than in control subjects. CVD incidence was elevated in LADAhigh (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.04, 2.69) and type 2 diabetes (1.53 [1.17, 2.00]), but not in LADAlow or type 1 diabetes. Incidence of retinopathy but not nephropathy was higher in LADA (HR 2.25; 95% CI 1.64, 3.09), including LADAhigh and LADAlow than in type 2 diabetes (unavailable in type 1 diabetes). More favorable blood pressure and lipid profiles, but higher HbA1c levels, were seen in LADA than type 2 diabetes at baseline and throughout follow-up, especially in LADAhigh, which resembled type 1 diabetes in this respect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite having fewer metabolic risk factors than type 2 diabetes, LADA has equal to higher risks of death, CVD, and retinopathy. Poorer glycemic control, particularly in LADAhigh, highlights the need for improved LADA management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11140,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes Care","volume":" ","pages":"1857-1865"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10516249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10081884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}