The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law最新文献

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Part VII The End of Refugeehood—Cessation and Durable Solutions, Ch.60 Resettlement 第七部分难民状态的结束——停止和持久解决办法,c .60重新安置
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0061
Kneebone Susan, Macklin Audrey
{"title":"Part VII The End of Refugeehood—Cessation and Durable Solutions, Ch.60 Resettlement","authors":"Kneebone Susan, Macklin Audrey","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0061","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes and critiques refugee resettlement, ostensibly a ‘durable solution’ to displacement. Contemporary resettlement is practised mainly by high-income liberal democracies of the Global North, the same States that reluctantly receive asylum seekers coming mainly from the Global South. This tension between asylum and resettlement explains many of the features of contemporary resettlement practices, whereby asylum is governed through law and resettlement is usually framed as a matter of discretion. To reveal and explore this tension between asylum and resettlement, and examine resettlement’s shifting and problematic role in refugee protection, the chanoteppter surveys its historical development. It then looks at three key aspects of contemporary practice, namely its relationship with sovereignty, its decision-making processes, and how States treat resettled refugees.","PeriodicalId":111378,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128463945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part II Sources, Ch.11 Moving Towards an Integrated Approach of Refugee Law and Human Rights Law 第二部分来源,第11章走向难民法和人权法的综合办法
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0012
V. Chetail
{"title":"Part II Sources, Ch.11 Moving Towards an Integrated Approach of Refugee Law and Human Rights Law","authors":"V. Chetail","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights the interface between human rights law and refugee law. The broader evolution of international law reflects the changing pattern of refugee protection as initially grounded in the Refugee Convention and subsequently informed by human rights treaties. As a result of a gradual process of pollination, human rights law has shaped, updated, and enlarged refugee law. While revamping the basic tenets of the Refugee Convention, it has become the normative frame of reference. Refugee law and human rights law are now so interdependent that they are bound to work in tandem. Their intermingling paves the way for a human rights-based approach to refugee protection. Instead of regarding the two branches of international law as silos, this new perspective offers a broader vision of refugee protection. This comprehensive design acknowledges that refugee law and human rights law complement and reinforce each other within one single continuum of protection.","PeriodicalId":111378,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132073009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Part V The Scope of Refugee Protection, Ch.37 Temporary Protection and Temporary Refuge 第五部分难民保护的范围,第37章临时保护和临时避难
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0038
J. Durieux
{"title":"Part V The Scope of Refugee Protection, Ch.37 Temporary Protection and Temporary Refuge","authors":"J. Durieux","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike ‘complementary protection’, the concepts of ‘temporary refuge’ and ‘temporary protection’ represent challenges to the Refugee Convention, exposing a real or perceived flaw in the way the Convention articulates immediate protection with longer-term solutions. This flaw tends to come to light mainly within the context of large-scale influxes of refugees, situations in which another ‘broken link’ all too often surfaces, namely between the principle of non-refoulement and the principle of international solidarity. Despite significant differences dictated by the time at which, and the space within which, they appeared in the law and practice of States, temporary refuge and temporary protection regimes share the ambition of regulating the continuum from admission and immediate relief to international (or regional) mobilization towards durable solutions. While temporary refuge was first conceptualized in the Asia-Pacific region, temporary protection reached a higher degree of formalization on the European continent, to the point of becoming a term of art in European Union law. It was originally conceived as a return-oriented protection mechanism, largely outside the Refugee Convention regime, before being recognized as a procedure of exceptional character and a prelude to the full operation of Convention standards. Regrettably, the only binding instrument covering all aspects of temporary protection—a 2001 EU directive—has never been implemented and may soon be repealed. While scholarly and policy debates over temporary refuge and/or temporary protection have creatively explored the outer limits of international refugee law, they have thus far failed to dispel ambiguities regarding the scope of ‘regimes of exception’ in refugee law and their relationship to the Refugee Convention-based regime. The time may have come to unpack the varied issues which temporary refuge and temporary protection have come to represent, in order to address them within known legal frameworks.","PeriodicalId":111378,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133311914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part V The Scope of Refugee Protection, Ch.47 Internal Displacement 第五部分:难民保护的范围,第47章国内流离失所
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0048
Kälin Walter
{"title":"Part V The Scope of Refugee Protection, Ch.47 Internal Displacement","authors":"Kälin Walter","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0048","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs), who are all too often neglected, not only by their governments, but also by the international community. The experiences of refugees and IDPs have much in common. Thus, it is not surprising that social science approaches tend to lump refugees and IDPs together under the notion of ‘forced displacement’. By contrast, the chapter argues that refugee law and the law related to internal displacement are conceptually fundamentally different because IDPs remain citizens or habitual residents of their countries, and thus depend on the national protection of their governments, while refugees as foreigners are in need of international protection. Discussing the protection of IDPs from a comparative perspective, it analyses the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and their impact as a soft law instrument, as well as the legally binding Kampala Convention. Ultimately, IDP-related approaches to durable solutions can help to inform refugee law and policy, and there is already a degree of convergence between the two areas.","PeriodicalId":111378,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122019303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part VII The End of Refugeehood—Cessation and Durable Solutions, Ch.61 Onward Migration 第七部分难民的结束——停止和持久解决办法,第61章继续移徙
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0062
Long Katy
{"title":"Part VII The End of Refugeehood—Cessation and Durable Solutions, Ch.61 Onward Migration","authors":"Long Katy","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0062","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines an important question about the relationship between displacement and migration: how does ‘onward migration’, or ‘onward movement’, fit into existing frameworks for refugee protection? The chapter first explores how approaches to refugees’ onward movement are often heavily politicized: many States tend to view refugee movements as a problem because they threaten to undermine national control of immigration. By contrast, advocates of refugee mobility point to the important role that migration can play in helping refugees to secure effective protection. Next, the chapter considers the rights of asylum seekers and refugees to engage in onward migration as part of a search for effective, durable protection. It also addresses the potential challenges—both legal and political—that may be faced by refugees trying to use migration as a ‘fourth durable solution’. The chapter concludes by suggesting that debates about refugee movement reflect much broader unresolved tensions in a world of unequal bordered States and restricted immigration.","PeriodicalId":111378,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116966310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.17 Regional Refugee Regimes: Latin America 第三部分区域制度,Ch.17区域难民制度:拉丁美洲
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.18
Fischel de Andrade José H
{"title":"Part III Regional Regimes, Ch.17 Regional Refugee Regimes: Latin America","authors":"Fischel de Andrade José H","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.18","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter shows how Latin America has played a rather innovative and creative role in the development of regional political asylum and refugee regimes. It reviews both the historical contribution of Latin America’s political asylee and refugee sub-regimes, and the region’s protection situation and key challenges. The chapter aims to answer the following questions: what is the concept of the prevailing asylum regime in Latin America and what are its sub-regimes? What is the current protection legal framework in the region? What is the institutional framework and its contribution to the protection of asylum seekers, political asylees, and refugees in Latin America? What are the major protection challenges currently faced by the region? In terms of its regional coverage, it considers that, of the 35 independent States of the Americas that are members of the Organization of American States, 20 of these may be regarded as Latin American States—that is, bearers of Spanish, Portuguese, or French cultural and linguistic heritage.","PeriodicalId":111378,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127078570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part V The Scope of Refugee Protection, Ch.39 Exclusion 第五部分难民保护的范围,第39章排斥
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0040
Gilbert Geoff, Bentajou Anna Magdalena
{"title":"Part V The Scope of Refugee Protection, Ch.39 Exclusion","authors":"Gilbert Geoff, Bentajou Anna Magdalena","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0040","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the exclusion provisions in article 1F of the Refugee Convention, which can only be properly understood when analysed in the context of international criminal law and the international law of armed conflict. Article 1F provides that the Convention shall not apply to persons with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed (a) war crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes against peace, (b) serious non-political crimes, or those who (c) are guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. The chapter then explores how article 1F was initially understood, before considering its application in practice and the increasing intermingling of certain ideas: exclusion as pre-status and retroactive; the difficulties of conceiving of refugee status without the guarantee of non-refoulement; the overlap of the different phrases used in the Refugee Convention when dealing with crimes and the security of the country of asylum; and how crimes that are not particularly serious might yet indicate a danger to the security of the hosting State or be contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations, a threat to national security, or even simply a public order concern. In addition, standards of proof, sequencing, regional mechanisms, and complementary human rights protection regimes add layers of complexity to the analysis.","PeriodicalId":111378,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128752289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.32 Asylum Procedure 第四部分获得保护和国际责任分担,第32章庇护程序
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0033
Botero Álvaro, Vedsted-Hansen Jens
{"title":"Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.32 Asylum Procedure","authors":"Botero Álvaro, Vedsted-Hansen Jens","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0033","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the standards on asylum procedures that apply within various regulatory contexts. Its normative focus includes not only the standards for determination of refugee status under the Refugee Convention and Protocol, but also those concerning the examination of applications for complementary or subsidiary forms of protection. Nonetheless, the legal interaction between asylum procedures and Convention refugee status will be the starting point. As the Refugee Convention is scant on procedural standards, the chapter discusses the soft law standards that partly fill the normative gap. It also examines procedural standards concerning subsidiary or complementary protection that have been developed on the basis of human rights norms prohibiting refoulement beyond the scope of the Refugee Convention. Human rights treaties generally include the right to effective remedies at national level and are therefore relevant for the administrative or/and judicial procedures that apply when States parties to such treaties examine asylum applications. Although directly linked to the protection against refoulement under human rights treaties, the requirement of effective remedies has indirect effect also for procedures concerning the determination of Convention refugee status.","PeriodicalId":111378,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129190530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part VII The End of Refugeehood—Cessation and Durable Solutions, Ch.57 Cessation 第七部分难民状态的结束——停止和持久解决办法,第七章停止
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0058
Cole Georgia
{"title":"Part VII The End of Refugeehood—Cessation and Durable Solutions, Ch.57 Cessation","authors":"Cole Georgia","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0058","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the cessation of refugee status. Questions about when, how, and why refugee status ends remain critical for academics, States, UNHCR, and refugees alike. If States are uncertain about when their responsibilities towards refugees will end, the result may be ever-stricter policies concerning borders, refugee status determination procedures, and individuals, even once they have been granted some form of protection. The changes wrought by this restrictionism would likely be to the long-term detriment of the laws, norms, and institutions of the refugee regime. Article 1C of the Refugee Convention provides an exhaustive list of ways in which refugee status can end. Due to the significant consequences of the cessation of refugee status for individuals and States, however, legal experts and UNHCR promote a strict, but contested, interpretation of article 1C.","PeriodicalId":111378,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127477536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.31 Refugee Status Determination 第四部分获得保护和国际责任分担,第31章难民地位的确定
The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0032
Burson Bruce
{"title":"Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.31 Refugee Status Determination","authors":"Burson Bruce","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0032","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes refugee status determination (RSD), which is the post-Second World War-era term to describe a process by which the asylum norm, now expressed primarily through the Refugee Convention, is operationalized. While the concept of offering sanctuary from harm—‘asylum’—is old, little has been written about the surrounding decision-making processes in the Convention’s historical antecedents or precursors. The chapter begins by examining the origins of RSD. It charts how contemporary RSD reflects its historical antecedents and questions the robustness of a dichotomy between group and individual determination as a marker of development. The chapter then outlines the increased systemization of RSD through dedicated status determination structures comprising both State and mandate RSD, and juridification via an ever-denser body of law and guidance. It also considers inherent and contextual challenges faced by RSD before detailing various proposals for reform to ensure that RSD is a ‘fit-for purpose’ protection mechanism in the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":111378,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116055385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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