{"title":"The Theory That Won't Go Away: An Updated Review of the Role Hypnosis Plays in Mind Control","authors":"Steve Richel","doi":"10.54208/1000/0003/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54208/1000/0003/001","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, hypnosis has been a central feature in descriptions of the process of behavior and attitude change that occurs in high-demand groups (HDGs, or cults). Cult specialist and mental-health counselor Steven Hassan (1989, 2000, 2014) has talked and written extensively about this process. In August 2000, Dr. Arthur Dole chaired a symposium at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association (APA) entitled Can Hypnosis Explain Cult Conversion? Evidence From Science and Practice, which included a number of experts in the field (Dole et. al., 2000). In contrast to the premise suggested by these references, Spanish psychologist Jose Fernández Aguado (2015), in a provocative article entitled “Psychological Manipulation, Hypnosis, and Suggestion,” questioned the ability of hypnosis to induce people to engage in behaviors in ways they would not otherwise execute “out of” hypnosis.","PeriodicalId":111280,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121158731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergy Between Cults and Terror Groups: A Systematic Review of Recruitment Processes","authors":"Darin J. Challacombe","doi":"10.54208/1000/0003/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54208/1000/0003/005","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that religious organizations are more similar to terror or violent extremist organizations than they are dissimilar (Banisadr, 2009; Centner, 2003; Levine, 1999). Individuals who join both usually have similar characteristics. Because contemporary researchers have focused more on terror groups than on cults, the archival knowledge from cult survivors and years of cult research has not been adequately illuminated as a guide for terror studies. The current literature review attempts to remedy this gap. Using the PRISMA methodology (Moher et al., 2009), I examine the literature of religious-cult recruitment, terror-organization recruitment, and radicalization, to illuminate the multiple confluences between them. Just as cults and terror organizations are similar in many other aspects, they also tend to follow similar recruitment patterns. Understanding cult recruitment can be useful to terror researchers.","PeriodicalId":111280,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133214232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“I hereby and herein claim liberties”: Identity and Power in Sovereign Citizen Pseudolegal Courtroom Filings","authors":"David Griffin","doi":"10.54208/1000/0006/007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54208/1000/0006/007","url":null,"abstract":"While the documents produced by members of the Sovereign Citizen movement are not legitimate legal documents, there is a distinctly legal character to them. This article examines the ways that Sovereign Citizen pseudolegal documents acquire that legal-seeming character by considering the degree to which the language present in them resembles that of documents written by actual attorneys. A comparison of a corpus of Sovereign Citizen documents filed in an American courthouse to a corpus of attorney-authored documents obtained from that same courthouse reveals that the authors of the pseudolegal courtroom filings (PCFs) examined are generally adept at identifying those features of legitimate courtroom filings (LCFs) that most clearly differentiate them from documents written in more “general” varieties of English. These Sovereign Citizen authors do more than simply imitate, however; they frequently heighten or in some way emphasize those features of LCFs that appear to them to be the most legally or authoritatively salient. By considering both the features of LCFs that have been heightened in this way and those features of PCFs that have no immediately clear legitimate legal analogue, several trends become apparent: 1) PCFs are highly and perhaps primarily concerned with establishing the identity and power of their authors as individuals; 2) PCFs frame judges and other representatives of the legitimate legal system as a single collective out-group; and 3) PCFs present their authors as the wielders of true legal authority while simultaneously, if implicitly, acknowledging the real-world power that the legitimate legal system wields over them.","PeriodicalId":111280,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115937685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Ride With My Best Friend: The Fiscal Arbitrators Pseudolaw Tax Evasion Scheme, Recruitment, and Litigation","authors":"D. Netolitzky","doi":"10.54208/1000/0006/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54208/1000/0006/005","url":null,"abstract":"Fiscal Arbitrators was a comparative short-lived Canadian pseudolaw tax avoidance scheme that operated between 2006-2012. Taxpayers made “Strawman Theory” claims to create large but fictitious business expenses. Taxpayers who employed Fiscal Arbitrators techniques had no legal basis for their claims. The Canada Revenue Agency assessed “gross negligence” penalties in addition to other automatic charges. At least 500 Fiscal Arbitrators customers appealed their taxation re-assessments at the Tax Court of Canada. There, these taxpayers usually claimed their actions, and blatantly false tax returns, had a reasonable basis. This unusual confluence of factors resulted in a substantial number of written court decisions that include first-hand, first-person, accounts of how and why Fiscal Arbitrators’ customers were recruited, and that describe this “Detax” scheme’s operation. Unexpectedly, Fiscal Arbitrators customers were primarily recruited via person-to person contacts and through family, social, and workplace networks. No Internet based recruitment was reported. Fiscal Arbitrators customers showed little to no interest in or understanding of the basis for their extraordinary claims. Their sole motivation was greed. These taxpayers were mainly non-ideological “mercenaries” who abandoned pseudolaw to conduct damage control steps as rational self interested actors. Most voluntarily terminated their appeals prior to a full appeal court hearing. The characteristics of this study’s Fiscal Arbitrators population do not correspond with how legal, media, and academic sources stereotypically portray and describe pseudolaw adherents. This investigation thus illustrates pseudolaw’s users are potentially more diverse than is commonly recognized.","PeriodicalId":111280,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129393138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Social Phenomenon of Romana Didulo: \"Queen of Canada\"","authors":"Christine M. Sarteschi","doi":"10.54208/1000/0006/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54208/1000/0006/002","url":null,"abstract":"Romana Didulo is a conspiracy theorist who claims to be the ruler of Canada, despite all evidence to the contrary. She has a fairly large following in social media. Her movement, though not easily categorized, can best be described as a combination of QAnon, sovereign citizen/pseudo-legal, conspirituality, and anti-vaccination motifs. This overview explores her belief system, her origins, the evolution of her movement, and the behavior of her followers. This review finds that Didulo poses two main kinds of threats. She: 1) encourages followers to engage in vigilantism, and 2) has created a pool of desperate people who have had their utilities shut off, and lost their vehicles and homes. People are suffering as a result of her edicts.","PeriodicalId":111280,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131071752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: Wounded Faith by Neil Damgaard","authors":"Karen Roudkovski","doi":"10.54208/1000/0003/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54208/1000/0003/006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":111280,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133882608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ten Seconds to Implosion: The Magna Carta Lawful Rebellion","authors":"D. Netolitzky","doi":"10.54208/1000/0006/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54208/1000/0006/003","url":null,"abstract":"The Magna Carta Lawful Rebellion [MCLR] is an example of a “legal cult,” a social group organized around key guru leaders who obtain their elevated status and hold followers via alleged special knowledge of law. The MCLR’s two gurus, David Robinson and Jacquie Phoenix (legal name Jacqueline Robinson), claimed the true binding law for residents of the Commonwealth is a hidden secret law, called “pseudolaw.” Pseudolaw is a highly conserved set of false legal concepts nested in a conspiratorial narrative. Pseudolaw originated in the US, but post-2000 has spread world-wide. The MCLR pseudolaw variant is that the 1215 Magna Carta remains in effect and operates as a supraconstitutional authority. Robinson and Phoenix claim that individuals may defeat conventional legal and state authority by swearing an oath of allegiance to Lord Craigmyle of Invernesshire, a “New Rebel Baron.” Special paperwork then permits extraordinary authority, including the right to execute government authorities and other enemies. However, MCLR adherents instead employed these concepts in petty domestic circumstances, and without any success. The MCLR’s leadership and adherent population appear similar: low-income, uneducated, and marginal persons with conspiratorial anti-authority beliefs. This “cult of peers” largely operates online. The MCLR was a minor and comparatively unsuccessful branch of UK pseudolaw culture until 2019, when Phoenix attracted numerous followers, and led a “Redress” movement that promised defeat of New World Order oppressors via execution of “traitors and quislings.” The 2021 failure of the “Redress” effort now threatens Phoenix’s status, and the long-term viability of the MCLR and its concepts.","PeriodicalId":111280,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133176492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Power of Career Counseling: Preventing Sex Trafficking","authors":"K. Humphreys, Wendy Helmcamp, J. Hicks","doi":"10.54208/1000/0003/007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54208/1000/0003/007","url":null,"abstract":"Human trafficking is quickly becoming one of the world’s largest criminal industries. Many of its victims are children and adolescents. Traffickers often prey on the vulnerable, promising them a better life. Tactics, such as grooming, coerce victims into prostitution or other forms of human trafficking. This paper reports research on generational changes between Millennials and Generation Z that increase susceptibility to sex trafficking. Based on interviews conducted with school counselors, low personal achievement and poverty may increase a youth’s chance of being sex trafficked. Because of this, career counseling offers a realistic method for achieving self-sufficiency through future job opportunities. This article offers information on sex trafficking and details specific career counseling strategies to prevent youth susceptibility to sex trafficking.","PeriodicalId":111280,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127010565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Religion and State Authority: Control of the Child","authors":"Kate Brannum, Nicole K. Drumhiller","doi":"10.54208/1000/0003/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54208/1000/0003/002","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the extent to which interactions between religious communities and the State can leave children vulnerable to physical abuse. In recent history, there have been numerous challenges to State control and authority from both new and nontraditional religious movements (Urban, 2006; Richardson & Bellanger, 2014; Doherty, 2016). In comparison, one can argue that insufficient attention has been paid to how religious groups seek to constrain or evade government authority to protect children. As part of their “monopoly of violence” (Gallaher & Froehling, 2002), governments in democratic societies are expected to protect the physical security of citizens. Despite this expectation, it is arguable that, when it comes to concerns over the bodies of minors, governing officials have been more limited and certainly more inconsistent in their actions to provide protection. This reality leads to a dangerous situation in which children’s well-being is subsumed to the rights of religious communities.","PeriodicalId":111280,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131790329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Getting the Ghet: Analyzing the Need for State Intervention in Canadian Jewish Divorces","authors":"Lea Lavy","doi":"10.54208/1000/0003/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54208/1000/0003/004","url":null,"abstract":"A commitment to religious freedom involves respecting the individual’s spiritual choices and obligations. However, to regard a religious community as an association that members join and quit at will is to miss both the value of religious association and its potential to limit, and sometimes even to oppress, its members (Moon, 2008). Through analysis of the judicial reasoning in several Canadian Supreme Court cases, I argue in this article that the courts are justified in ruling to protect vulnerable group members from oppressive or unjust religious rules, and that the state is justified in legislating such protections. In the private sphere, most religious systems impose patriarchal norms on family life (Becker, 1999). In Judaism, the Jewish Orthodox rabbinical courts have exclusive control over marriage and divorce. These courts almost always grant to men full control over divorce, which results in gender-based discrimination and violation of female human rights. Under Jewish law, Halacha, divorce is not a judicial act and may be achieved only at the husband’s will. When the man refuses to divorce, the wife has no religious recourse and is known as agunah, or \"chained wife.\" She is unable to continue her life without a ghet, the religious annulment of the marriage, and civil divorce or subsequent marriage are not viable options according to Jewish traditions. Practices surrounding the ghet often ignore the woman’s rights, rights that should be protected by the state and upheld by its courts. In this context, the role of the state is to alleviate women’s disadvantages; as such, secular legal authorities, comprising actors in both the legislative and judicial systems, should be obligated to ensure equal and fair treatment for women, even in the sphere of religious tradition.","PeriodicalId":111280,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Coercion, Abuse, and Manipulation","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126387004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}