Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity最新文献

{"title":"Strategies to Stimulate Climate Change Adaptation in Malaysia’s Agricultural Sector","authors":"R. Afroz, Rulia Akhtar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch5","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of farmers to perceive climate change is a fundamental prerequisite for choosing adaptation practices. Localized forms of perception of climate risk strongly depend on societal, ethnic and economic conditions in which people undergo risk and perception influences behaviour and assist decision makers. In line with this, this chapter examined farmers’ perception, adaptation barriers and their adaptation behaviour. The study found that perceived sensitivity, perceived severity and perceived benefits of climate change play an important role in raising awareness of climate change and the formation of favourable attitudes to minimize the adverse effects of climate change. The study also addresses the mediating effects of climate change awareness and attitudes towards climate change between perception and adaptation behaviours. Policy makers could increase outreach to local stakeholders, to increase awareness of these policies and plans and provide opportunities for feedback. Malaysia needs to build public support for adaptation. Public support for adaptation is generally lacking in the ASEAN countries, and needs to be generated on the ground.","PeriodicalId":110847,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity","volume":"61 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123184026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Intention of the Rice Farmers to Adopt the Integrated Cash WAQF Environmental Protection Model - An Islamic Approach to Adaptation","authors":"R. Afroz, Rulia Akhtar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch8","url":null,"abstract":"The research focuses on cash waqf as an alternative source of financial support to farmers. It explored the development of waqf for the benefit of Malaysian farmers. Empirically, this chapter explored the intentions of the farmers to accept cash waqf to avoid barriers to adaptation, investigating the relationship between the intention of the farmers to accept cash waqf and awareness of cash waqf, attitude towards cash waqf, subjective norms, knowledge and perceived barriers. The finding of the study confirms that attitude, awareness, subjective norm, perceived obstacle and knowledge affect the intent to adopt a model to avoid barriers to adaptation. This study found that awareness, subjective norm, and perceived barriers significantly affect farmers’ intention to adopt the proposed model. Subjective norm was positive and had a significant impact on the intention of the farmers in the low-income group. This indicates that the decision of the low-income farmers to accept the integrated waqf environmental protection (IWEP)  model  is significantly influenced by their family members, neighbors and friends. Moreover, this study demonstrates that awareness and perceived barriers have more influence on older farmers, highly educated and wealthy farmers.","PeriodicalId":110847,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115676759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Adaptive Capacities of Rice Farmers","authors":"R. Afroz, Rulia Akhtar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch6","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive capacity is the capacity of a system to adapt if the environment where the system exists is changing. The assessment of farmers’ adaptability and the associated concept of farmer's adaptive capacity may constitute the first step towards enhanced adaptation. This chapter aims to fill this gap by examining the level of AC of the farmers. This chapter will help policymakers to plan responses to CC in Malaysia and understand the ability of farmers’ degree of adaptive capacities. The findings show that farmers have high adaptive capacity in terms of drought-tolerant rice varieties, changing planting dates, use of chemical or organic fertilizers, early maturity rice varieties and formal irrigation system with the range of 0.69 (leq) AvAdaptCapj (leq)0.83 which is under the threshold value (0.66 (leq) AvAdaptCapj (leq)1.00. Government, non-government organizations and policymakers should design policies to train farmers on the use of the adaption strategies to help them adapt well to the changing climatic conditions. This could be achieved through effective extension education and training on adaption strategies of the rice- growing farmers. This will help them to not only adapt but also mitigate the effects of CC on paddy or rice cultivation.","PeriodicalId":110847,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130414759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Adaptation","authors":"R. Afroz, Rulia Akhtar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":110847,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123483610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Poverty of Rice Farmers","authors":"R. Afroz, Rulia Akhtar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch2","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty alleviation has been one of the main agenda of development in most developing countries. The goal of this chapter is to assess the influence of climate change on rice farmers' poverty in Malaysia's Kedah state. Here, we provide the evidence from a case study among agricultural households in Kedah, Malaysia. Our results show that level of education, non-farm income and temperature are significant to explain the likelihood of a farmer being poor. Hence, our findings suggest that the poor farmers can decrease their poverty if the government will explore the initiative to increase their level of education. If the farmers are educated, they will be able to produce in the least costly measures. They will be able to know what crops they should produce according to the market demand. Lastly, they will be able to tackle the effect of warm temperature. The findings of our study also lend support to the view that the non-farm sector could be a viable option to reduce poverty among the rural-agricultural households. The major emphasis should be given to increase the efficiency of the farmers, enlarge the resource base of farmers through crop divergence and growth of structure.","PeriodicalId":110847,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128545768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop Insurance- A Conventional Approach to Adaptation","authors":"R. Afroz, Rulia Akhtar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter evaluated the factors that affect the willingness to pay of the farmers by using the logit regression model with the farmers’ divergence in terms of various socio- economic conditions. Contingent valuation method (CVM) was conducted. The results of the study report that the majority of the rice farmers of the study area are medium-aged. As expected, 47% of the farmers have secondary school education which will enable them to adopt new methods of rice production. In this study, we also find that 36% of respondents reveal that their monthly earning is in the range of RM2000 to RM 4000. Their income is above Malaysia’s national poverty line income (PLI) of RM800 (10th Malaysian plan). The major risks faced by the farmers are rat attack, disease, excess rainfall, high temperatures, variation in yield, and flood. This study reports that most farmers think crop insurance scheme is designed especially for wealthy farmers because it costs high quality and is not available to the poor and marginal farmers. They also perceive that the procedure currently works for another insurance scheme is very complicated. This study finds that 76% of the farmers are willing to pay the crop insurance scheme. The rest of the farmers believe that the premium should be subsidized by the government and they do not believe in conventional insurance.","PeriodicalId":110847,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127065299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity","authors":"R. Afroz, Rulia Akhtar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch0","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia became a wealthy, urbanised, and industrialised country during the next three and a half \u0000decades as a consequence of fast economic development and structural changes. Farmers in rural \u0000Malaysia, on the other hand, continue to suffer from poverty. As a consequence, farmers account for \u0000the majority of Malaysia's poor. The gap between those who are poor in rural regions and those who \u0000are poor in cities is increasing, requiring action. As a matter of fact, it appears that focusing on farms \u0000is essential in alleviating rural poverty. Due to their reliance on agricultural output for a living, farmers \u0000have been designated as the most susceptible population to climate change. Small- scale farms are \u0000the more vulnerable to climate change than large-scale farms. Climate change has the potential to \u0000significantly diminish agricultural output, impacting rural per capita income and poverty levels. \u0000Farmers' perceptions of the issue, as well as their responses to it, are critical for successful climate \u0000change adaptation. Much of Malaysian climate change research focuses on the consequences of \u0000climate change, historical and future trends, with agriculture accounting for a significant percentage of \u0000the research. The importance of agriculture as a key contributor to national Gross Domestic Product \u0000(GDP) is one possible reason why climate change implications on agriculture have garnered so much \u0000attention in Malaysia. But unfortunately, they did not consider so much the adaptation barriers, \u0000strategies and capacity to climate risks among rice farmers in Malaysia, who are equally vulnerable to \u0000the impacts of climate change. \u0000One could wonder what effect climate change is having on rice farmers' poverty. Are farmers aware of \u0000climate change's consequences? Are they equipped to handle the situation? What is the extent \u0000of their adaptability? What problems do they encounter in terms of adaptability, and how do they deal \u0000with them? What alternatives do they have for coping with climate change adaptation? Therefore, this \u0000study attempts to fill in the gap by examining the economic impact of climate change on farmer \u0000poverty in Kedah and the factors that influence farmers' adaptation decisions and their willingness to \u0000pay (WTP) for crop insurance in order to adapt to climate change. Furthermore, this study attempted \u0000to investigate the difficulties that farmers face in their adaptation process, and a policy-relevant \u0000integrated environmental protection waqf model is presented to assist farmers in overcoming these \u0000obstacles. The farmers' willingness to accept the suggested model is also evaluated in order to \u0000validate the concept. Overall, this book utilises Kedah as a case study to illustrate farmers' \u0000perceptions of climate change, adaptation hurdles, techniques, and possible remedies, both traditional \u0000and Islamic. Paddy production by Malaysian farmers supplied 70% of the country's consumption \u0000demands, with half of the supply coming from the state","PeriodicalId":110847,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133040038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Malaysian Farmers’ Choice of Adaptation Strategies for Adapting to Climate Change: A Logistic Regression Analysis","authors":"R. Afroz, Rulia Akhtar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":110847,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130828907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers’ Perceptions about Adaptation Practices to Climate Change and Barriers to Adaptation","authors":"R. Afroz, Rulia Akhtar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-002-7/ch3","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this chapter is to analyse farmers’ perception about climate change, adaptation practices and barriers. The results of this study shows that the majority of farmers (76%) perceived an increase in temperature over the past 10-15 years. It also shows that with a PCI value of 797, the high cost of farm inputs was ranked the most critical impediment to using of adaptation options. Unpredictable weather, lack of access to water resources, lack of access to timely weather information, lack of access to credit facilities were ranked the second, third, fourth, fifth and six most pressing problems, respectively. The results also showed that lack of finances and government support for information available to climate change are the biggest impediments. More rice can be produced by farmers with higher adaptive capacity. In order to assist them attain higher rice output, rice growers should be allowed by improving extension services, public aid, such as grants, training for better adaptation.","PeriodicalId":110847,"journal":{"name":"Climate Change and Rice Production: Adaptation Strategies and Capacity","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124183416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}