The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons最新文献

{"title":"Hydrogen Peroxide May Reduce the Risk for Revision Surgery and Infection in Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty: Two-year Follow-up From a Prospective, Blinded, Controlled Trial.","authors":"Josh Mizels, Daniel C Lewis, R. Tashjian, Peter N. Chalmers","doi":"10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00376","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of hydrogen peroxide to the preoperative skin preparation for primary total shoulder arthroplasty is associated with a difference in patient-reported outcomes, risk for postoperative infection, and risk for revision surgery at a minimum of 2-year follow-up.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000This was a prospective, blinded, and controlled trial, which included a consecutive series of patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty. The control group underwent standard sterile skin preparation using ethyl alcohol and ChloraPrep applicators, and the peroxide group had the same preparation with the addition of hydrogen peroxide between the alcohol and ChloraPrep applications. We then compared patient-reported outcome scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score [ASES], simple shoulder test [SST], visual analog scale [VAS]), infections, and revision surgeries between the two groups at 2-year follow-up.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Of the 61 patients included in the original study, 52 of 58 (85%) living patients agreed to participate in this study. No preoperative differences were observed between groups. No difference was observed in ASES, SST, or VAS scores at 2 years. More revision surgeries were done in the control group (7 versus 2, P = 0.268) and Cutibacterium acnes infections (2 versus 0, P = 0.168).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The addition of hydrogen peroxide to the preoperative skin preparation before primary shoulder arthroplasty is safe, and additional research is warranted to investigate whether it may decrease the risk for revision surgery and postoperative C acnes infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000LEVEL OF EVIDENCE\u0000III.","PeriodicalId":110802,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infections After Total Ankle Arthroplasty.","authors":"Kivanc Atesok, Daniel J. Scott, Shepard Hurwitz, Christopher E Gross","doi":"10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-01266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-01266","url":null,"abstract":"Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is a dreaded complication that may lead to catastrophic outcomes. Risk factors include a history of surgery on the operated ankle, low preoperative function scores, diabetes, extended surgical time, and postoperative wound-healing problems. Clinical presentation varies and may include increasing ankle pain and swelling, high temperature, local erythema, wound drainage, and dehiscence. The initial diagnostic evaluation should include plain radiographs, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein levels, and leukocyte count. In suspected cases with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, aspiration of the ankle joint for synovial fluid analysis, Gram staining, and culture should be performed. Antibiotic therapy should be based on the pathogen identified, and the surgical strategy should be determined based on the time lines of PJI. Early PJI can be treated with irrigation and débridement with polyethylene exchange. The surgical treatment of choice for late PJI is two-stage revision arthroplasty, which includes removal of the implant, insertion of an antibiotic spacer, and reimplantation of a TAA. In certain chronic PJI cases, permanent articulating antibiotic spacers can be left in place or an ankle arthrodesis can be performed. Below-knee amputation is considered as the final option after limb-sparing procedures have failed.","PeriodicalId":110802,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Cemented Implants Placed During Initial TKA on Surgical Time and Expenses in Revision TKA.","authors":"Adam Kohring, Nihir Parikh, John Hobbs, Sean Lowitz, Peter Gold, Chad A. Krueger","doi":"10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-01184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-01184","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) is a complex procedure that often requires the removal of previous implants. There is little information evaluating the difference between removing cemented or noncemented knee prostheses in revision surgeries. The purpose of this study was to determine whether removing cemented or noncemented implants would affect surgical time and expenses incurred during revision procedures.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000This retrospective cohort study used a single-institution database to identify 300 patients who underwent femoral and tibial implant rTKA from 2016 to 2022 because of mechanical complications (infection cases excluded). Radiographs and surgical reports were used to confirm whether the fixation technique was cemented (N = 243) or noncemented (N = 57). The primary outcomes were surgical time and surgery costs. Secondary outcomes included readmission rates, revision implants used, stem usage, and insurance type.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The average surgical time was 121 minutes for noncemented and 128 minutes for cemented procedures (P = 0.118). The 90-day readmission rates for each group were similar at 7.00% for the cemented cohort and 8.77% for the noncemented cohort (P = 0.643). For patients with Medicare Advantage, the respective surgery costs were $1,966 for noncemented and $1,968 for cemented TKA (P = 0.988). For patients with commercial insurance, the respective surgery costs were $4,854 for noncemented and $5,660 for cemented TKA (P = 0.330).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Primary knee fixation type, cemented or noncemented, did not appear to influence the surgical duration or surgical costs of both-implant revision knee surgery indicated for mechanical complications.","PeriodicalId":110802,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Use Disorder Associated With Increased Risk of Postoperative Complications After Hip or Knee Arthroplasties: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.","authors":"Cheng Ding, Dongdong Xu, Tao Cheng","doi":"10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00407","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000With the legalization of marijuana in the United States, the number of patients with cannabis use disorder (CUD) in the joint arthroplasty population has increased markedly. The primary purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether there were differences in clinical and economic outcomes after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) between patients with and without perioperative CUD.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to July 2018 to identify all eligible studies investigating the association of CUD with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing TJA. Postoperative outcomes assessed consisted of complications, readmission, length of stay (LOS), implant revision, and cost of care. For dichotomous outcomes, pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000We identified 10 retrospective cohort studies with a total of 17,981,628 study participants. Patients with CUD had significantly higher odds of medical complications (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.07 to 1.66], P = 0.01) and implant-related complications (OR 1.75 [95% CI: 1.64 to 1.88], P < 0.00001) than noncannabis users. Specifically, CUD was associated with significantly increased odds of cardiac complications (OR 1.95 [95% CI 1.50 to 2.54], P < 0.00001), cerebrovascular accidents (OR 2.06 [95% CI 1.66 to 2.57], P < 0.00001), postoperative infections (OR 1.68 [95% CI 1.34 to 2.10], P < 0.00001), periprosthetic fracture (OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.19 to 1.70], P < 0.0001), mechanical loosening (OR 1.54 [95% CI 1.42 to 1.66], P < 0.00001), and dislocation/instability (OR 1.88 [95% CI 1.32 to 2.68], P = 0.0005). Longer LOS and higher cost of care were also found in patients with CUD.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000This study strengthens the body of evidence that patients with CUD face higher risk of postoperative complications and greater financial burden after knee and hip arthroplasties. Physicians should inform patients about adverse outcomes and undertake appropriate risk adjustments before elective orthopaedic surgery.\u0000\u0000\u0000LEVEL OF EVIDENCE\u0000Level III.","PeriodicalId":110802,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","volume":"22 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Preoperative Variables that Improve the Predictive Accuracy of the Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.","authors":"David A Bloom, Thomas Bieganowski, Joseph X Robin, Armin Arshi, Ran Schwarzkopf, J. Rozell","doi":"10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00784","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Discharge disposition after total joint arthroplasty may be predictable. Previous literature has attempted to improve upon models such as the Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) in an effort to optimize postoperative planning. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative laboratory values and other previously unstudied demographic factors could improve the predictive accuracy of the RAPT.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000All patients included had RAPT scores in addition to the following preoperative laboratory values: red blood cell count, albumin, and vitamin D. All values were recorded within 90 days of surgery. Demographic variables including marital status, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and depression were also evaluated. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the significance of each factor in association with discharge disposition.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Univariate logistic regression found significant associations between discharge disposition and all original RAPT factors as well as nonmarried patients (P < 0.001), ASA class 3 to 4 (P < 0.001), body mass index >30 kg/m2 (P = 0.065), red blood cell count <4 million/mm3 (P < 0.001), albumin <3.5 g/dL (P < 0.001), Charlson Comorbidity Index (P < 0.001), and a history of depression (P < 0.001). All notable univariate models were used to create a multivariate model with an overall predictive accuracy of 90.1%.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The addition of preoperative laboratory values and additional demographic data to the RAPT may improve its PA. Orthopaedic surgeons could benefit from incorporating these values as part of their discharge planning in THA. Machine learning may be able to identify other factors to make the model even more predictive.","PeriodicalId":110802,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Fixation Before Planned Conversion to Internal Fixation in Orthopaedic Trauma: Controversies and Current Trends.","authors":"Malynda S. Wynn, Yohan Jang, George Ochenjele, R. Natoli","doi":"10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-01256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-01256","url":null,"abstract":"External fixation is a widely used technique for a myriad of bone fractures and pathologies in all extremities. Despite its widespread use, controversies and unknowns still exist. This review article seeks to discuss current literature surrounding pin insertion technique, pin-site care, intraoperative use during conversion to definitive fixation, the relationship of pin sites to definitive fixation, and pin-site management after removal for temporary external fixation.","PeriodicalId":110802,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Adverse Events Following Total Knee Arthroplasty in Asthma Patients.","authors":"Julian Smith-Voudouris, Lee E. Rubin, Jonathan N. Grauer","doi":"10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-01142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-01142","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common procedure for which patient factors are known to affect perioperative outcomes. Asthma has not been specifically considered in this regard, although it is the most common inflammatory airway disease and predisposes to osteoarthritis.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Adult patients undergoing TKA were identified from 2015 to 2021-Q3 M157 PearlDiver data sets. Asthma patients were matched to those without 1:1 based on age, sex, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI). The incidence of 90-day adverse events and 5-year revisions were compared using multivariable logistic regression (P < 0.0023). The matched asthma group was then stratified based on disease severity for analysis of 90-day aggregated (any, severe, and minor) adverse events.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Among 721,686 TKA patients, asthma was noted for 76,125 (10.5%). Multivariable analysis revealed that patients with asthma were at increased odds of multiple 90-day pulmonary, non-pulmonary, and aggregated adverse events, as well as emergency department visits. Furthermore, patients with asthma had 1.17 times greater odds of 5-year revisions (P < 0.0001). Upon secondary analysis stratifying asthma by severity, patients with all severity levels of asthma showed elevated odds of adverse events after TKA. These associations increased in odds with increasing severity of asthma.\u0000\u0000\u0000DISCUSSION\u0000Over one-tenth of patients undergoing TKA were identified as having asthma, and these patients were at greater odds of numerous pulmonary and non-pulmonary adverse events (a trend that increased with asthma severity), as well as 5-year revisions. Clearly, patients with asthma need specific risk mitigation strategies when considering TKA.\u0000\u0000\u0000LEVEL OF EVIDENCE\u0000III.","PeriodicalId":110802,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating The Effect of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair with Concomitant Subacromial Decompression on 2, 4, and 6 Year Reoperation Rates.","authors":"Mark Haft, Zachary C. Pearson, Uzoma Ahiarakwe, Sarah Y Nelson, U. Srikumaran","doi":"10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00636","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The risks and benefits of including an arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) are uncertain. Some studies suggest no difference in revision surgery rates, whereas others have found higher revision surgery rates associated with concomitant ASD. In this study, we compare mid-term revision surgery rates in patients undergoing arthroscopic RCR with or without concomitant ASD.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using a national all-payer claims database. Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, codes were used to identify patients who underwent primary arthroscopic RCR with or without ASD in the United States. The primary study outcome was revision surgery at 2, 4, and 6 years. Univariate analysis was conducted on demographic variables (age, sex) and comorbidities in the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index using chi-square and Student t-tests. Multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 11,188 patients were identified who underwent RCR and met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 8,994 (80%) underwent concomitant ASD. Concomitant ASD was associated with lower odds of all-cause revision surgery to the ipsilateral shoulder at 2 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 to 0.73), 4 years (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.70), and 6 years (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.69). Concomitant ASD was also associated with lower odds of revision RCR at 2 years (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.86), 4 years (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.78), and 6 years (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.76).\u0000\u0000\u0000DISCUSSION\u0000Arthroscopic RCR with concomitant ASD is associated with lower odds of all-cause revision surgery in the ipsilateral shoulder at 2, 4, and 6 years. The lower mid-term revision surgery rates suggest benefits to performing concomitant ASD with primary arthroscopic RCR. Continued research on the mid to long-term benefits of ASD is needed to determine which patient populations benefit most from this procedure.\u0000\u0000\u0000DATA AVAILABILITY\u0000The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":110802,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.","authors":"Hai V Le, Yashar Javidan, Safdar N. Khan, Eric O Klineberg","doi":"10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00778","url":null,"abstract":"Anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS) is a surgical intervention widely used for a myriad of indications including degenerative, oncologic, inflammatory, traumatic, and congenital spinal conditions. A primary concern for surgeons performing ACSS is the postoperative development of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Current literature reports a wide incidence of this complication ranging from 1 to 79%. Dysphagia after ACSS is multifactorial, with common risk factors being prolonged duration of operation, revision surgeries, multilevel surgeries, and use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Many technical strategies have been developed to reduce the risk of postoperative dysphagia, including the development of low-profile implants and retropharyngeal local steroid application. In this article, we review the most recent literature regarding the epidemiology and pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and management of dysphagia after ACSS.","PeriodicalId":110802,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors that Promote and Protect Against Financial Toxicity after Orthopaedic Trauma: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Nathan N O'Hara, Mark J. Gage, Casey Loudermilk, Carolyn Drogt, N. Klazinga, D. Kringos, Lily R Mundy","doi":"10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-01071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-01071","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000Financial toxicity is highly prevalent in patients after an orthopaedic injury. However, little is known regarding the conditions that promote and protect against this financial distress. Our objective was to understand the factors that cause and protect against financial toxicity after a lower extremity fracture.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 20 patients 3 months after surgical treatment of a lower extremity fracture. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes. Data saturation occurred after 15 interviews. The percentage of patients who described the identified themes are reported.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 20 patients (median age, 44 years [IQR, 38 to 58]; 60% male) participated in the study. The most common injury was a distal tibia fracture (n = 8; 40%). Eleven themes that promoted financial distress were identified, the most common being work effects (n = 14; 70%) and emotional health (n = 12; 60%). Over half (n = 11; 55%) of participants described financial toxicity arising from an inability to access social welfare programs. Seven themes that protected against financial distress were also identified, including insurance (n = 17; 85%) and support from friends and family (n = 17; 85%). Over half (n = 13; 65%) of the participants discussed the support they received from their healthcare team, which encompassed expectation setting and connections to financial aid and other services. Employment protection and workplace flexibility were additional protective themes.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000This qualitative study of orthopaedic trauma patients found work and emotional health-related factors to be primary drivers of financial toxicity after injury. Insurance and support from friends and family were the most frequently reported protective factors. Many participants described the pivotal role of the healthcare team in establishing recovery expectations and facilitating access to social welfare programs.","PeriodicalId":110802,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons","volume":"112 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}