Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018最新文献

{"title":"Water Treatment Challenges to Meet BFW Spec Using Reject Streams from Municipality Sewage Plant - Kuwait","authors":"C. Kuijvenhoven, R. Ghouti, M. Alenezi, R. A. Al Rasheedi","doi":"10.2118/192797-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/192797-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water from the reject stream of the Reverse Osmosis (RO) units in Sulaibiya Waste Water Treatment plant (SWWTP) will be used as source water for the Once-Through Steam Generators (OTSG) for the South Ratqa (SR) Phase I project. Using sewage water as source water for steam boilers directly impacts the complexity of the water treatment processes.\u0000 Based on the South Raqa steam quality specifications, a water quality requirement has been defined which was found in line with international guidelines. For one of the quality requirements specified (Chemical Oxygen Demand) a tight specification of < 0.1 mg/l was set, which is not often seen in the industry. Instead the industry does define Total Organic Carbon (TOC) as water quality specification, which is closely related to COD. As the water source in the Sulaibiya is coming from a sewage plant (unknown organic components), COD was included as water quality specification.\u0000 To deliver the required BFW quality, seven different treatment steps are being installed, which all need to be optimised to ensure the required high plant availability. The major risk area is the requirement to achieve residual chlorine in the water stream coming from the Sulaibiya plant.","PeriodicalId":11079,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84193559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Models for Rapid Identification of Oil and Water Layers During Drilling - A Win-Win Strategy Based on Machine Learning","authors":"Jian Sun, Qi Li, Mingqiang Chen, L. Ren, Fengrui Sun, YongXiang Ai, K. Tang","doi":"10.2118/192833-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/192833-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The identification of oil and water layers (OWL) from well log data is an important task in petroleum exploration and engineering. At present, the commonly used methods for OWL identification are time-consuming, low accuracy or need better experience of researchers. Therefore, some machine learning methods have been developed to identify the lithology and OWL. Based on logging while drilling data, this paper optimizes machine learning methods to identify OWL while drilling.\u0000 Recently, several computational algorithms have been used for OWL identification to improve the prediction accuracy. In this paper, we evaluate three popular machine learning methods, namely the one-against-rest support vector machine, one-against-one support vector machine, and random forest. First, we choose apposite training set data as a sample for model training. Then, GridSearch method was used to find the approximate range of reasonable parameters' value. And then using k-fold cross validation to optimize the final parameters and to avoid overfitting. Finally, choosing apposite test set data to verify the model.\u0000 The method of using machine learning method to identify OWL while drilling has been successfully applied in Weibei oilfield. We select 1934 groups of well logging response data for 31 production wells. Among them, 198 groups of LWD data were selected as the test set data. Natural gamma, shale content, acoustic time difference, and deep-sensing logs were selected as input feature parameters. After GridSearch and 10-fold cross validation, the results suggest that random forest method is the best algorithm for supervised classification of OWL using well log data. The accuracy of the three classifiers after the calculation of the training set is greater than 90%, but their differences are relative large. For the test set, the calculated accuracy of the three classifiers is about 90%, with a small difference. The one-against-rest support vector machine classifier spends much more time than other methods. The one-against-one support vector machine classifier is the classifier which training set accuracy and test set accuracy are the lowest in three methods.\u0000 Although all the calculation results have diffierences in accuracy of OWL identification, their accuracy is relatively high. For different reservoirs, taking into account the time cost and model calculation accuracy, we can use random forest and one-against-one support vector machine models to identify OWL in real time during drilling.","PeriodicalId":11079,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87434967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation over Effect of Geometrical Changes on Gas/Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone GLCC Separator","authors":"H. Asaadian, B. S. Soulgani, S. R. Gomari, Bahador Soltani Soulgani","doi":"10.2118/193029-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193029-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gas and liquid outlets length Study and its effect on Gas/liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (GLCC) separator performance. Gas body column length Study and its effect on GLCC separator performance. Inlet diameter Study and its effect on GLCC separator performance. Study of body column diameter and its effect on GLCC separator performance. Study of gas and liquid outlets diameter and its effect on GLCC separator performance.\u0000 An experimental GLCC separator was designed and built in laboratory to determine its domain. The best operational domain is where the equilibrium liquid level placed below the inlet and between 1 L/D and 3 L/D of separator column. If it pass the inlet it causes liquid carry over and if it settles below the 3 L/D it creates gas carry under in the separator. Thus the equilibrium liquid level was measured for different range of liquid and gas flowrates. In this work the gas superficial velocity was set between 0.3 and 6 meter per second and for each gas superficial velocity, liquid superficial velocity was from 0.3 to 3.3 meter per second. Moreover, different parts of test separator was changed and their effects on the separator operating domain was studied. These changes are 12.7 mm reduction in inlet diameter size, 5 mm reduction in liquid outlet diameter size, 5 mm reduction in gas outlet diameter size, 0.12 meter reduction in gas column length, 25.4 mm reduction in column diameter size and 1.4 meter increment in outlet length.\u0000 Based on this work the following results were obtained:Reducing the inlet diameter improves the GLCC separator performance. It allows more gas and liquid flowrates enter the separator for total separation by enhancing the centrifugal effect on liquid and gas phases.Reducing the liquid outlet diameter has negative effect in GLCC flowrates domain but this reduction can be used to control the equilibrium liquid level by a gate valve in liquid outlet leg.Reducing the gas outlet diameter has negative effect on GLCC performance. But in some situations controlling the amount of accumulated gas in GLCC can avoid liquid carry over in the system.Reduction in gas column length shows no effect on the separator flowrates domain.Increasing in length of outlet legs increases the friction force and limited the separator performance.Reduction in separator body diameter raises the chance of liquid carry over and gas carry under and has negative effect on flowrates domain.\u0000 These findings from GLCC performance give the main guideline to design more efficient separator design for oil and gas fields. Proper designing makes separator performance domain wider whereas it creates separators more compact which in turn minimizes the cost of construction accordingly.","PeriodicalId":11079,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82118239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Geological Modeling for Higher Confidence Development Decisions, Sultanate of Oman","authors":"Bellmann Lars Hendrik","doi":"10.2118/193043-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193043-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Thermal EOR projects are technically and economically challenging projects. Improving the geological understanding and implementing these geological concepts into the static model were key to increase the robustness of, not only the geological model but also of the dynamic simulation.\u0000 The initial believe was that fine grained and mm scale laminated sediments act as vertical baffles for the steam distribution. The fine grained sands were low in permeability and the lamination were further reducing the vertical permeability. Grain size had the main impact on permeability and grain size was correlated with V-shale. Then, V-shale was used as a proxy for grain size and was integrated into a V-shale base porosity-permeability transformation.\u0000 After modeling the baffles explicitly, it was shown that against the initial belief, the main control on fluid flow was not a patchy baffle distribution. Instead the reservoir was overall reduced in vertical permeability. A lager impact had the V-shale base poro-perm transform, predicting an order of magnitude permeability range for a given porosity. Reducing the impact of the facies also reduced overall the uncertainty and improved the predictive power of the models. This in turn, helped to take development decisions with much higher confidence.","PeriodicalId":11079,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80511789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility Analysis and Field Application of Waste Oily Sludge Resource Utilization Technology in Oilfield","authors":"Yao Wang, Wang Siwen, Rui Li, Hao Wang","doi":"10.2118/192895-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/192895-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Oily sludge is one of the main wastes produced during oilfield development. The composition of oily sludge is complex, resulting in difficult separation and high processing cost. The existing technologies such as landfill, microbiological deterioration, heat treatment and solvent extraction are difficult to meet the needs of oily sludge treatment. It is necessary to develop a highly efficient and cheap reutilization technology for oily sludge. For this reason, we have proposed to recycle the oily sludge which can be utilized to profile control in water injection and thermal recovery wells.\u0000 In the process of research, we have developed five aspects of work: First, three-phase separation of oily sludge was carried out by distillation, and water quality, oil-phase composition and solid particle size were analyzed. The compatibility of oily sludge and oil reservoir was investigated. Second, the mechanism and influence factors of the oily sludge for profile control were studied by long core model test and microscope observation. Third, suspension analysis and mobility analysis were developed on oily sludge, and experimental results were used to research oily sludge profile control agent. Fourth, numerical simulation was used to optimize the engineering design of Oily Sludge Profile Control (OSPC). Fifth, ground process flow of oily sludge for profile control was designed.\u0000 The following conclusion can be drawn from the study: OSPC is a Reutilization Technology for oily sludge, which could seal up oily sludge in-situ in oil reservoir and be favorable for increasing production of oil wells through profile control. Through the rheology and plugging test, it was clear that OSPC could greatly reduce the pollution risk of oily sludge and the ground treatment cost, and solid phase and oil phase of mud were retained in the formation. It could plug high permeability channels and high permeability area (the plugging rate was more than 90%) to adjust water/steam injection profile of water/thermal recovery wells. Profile control agent, engineering design method and ground process flow for oily sludge were developed. The technology applied 72 wells in the oilfield, 184 thousand tons of oily sludge were used in total, production of crude oil was increased by 84 thousand barrels, and a lot of sludge treatment costs could be saved.","PeriodicalId":11079,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74026775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Energy Savings in NGL Extraction Plant by Implementing ON/OFF Sequence Logic Control for Fin Fan Coolers","authors":"Rashed Bametraf","doi":"10.2118/192931-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/192931-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This presentation describes the efforts undertaken by ADNOC Gas Processing's Buhasa site to save electrical energy in the NGL extraction plant by minimizing fuel gas consumption in power generators. This also contributes to a reduction in flue gas emissions.\u0000 During 2017, ADNOC Gas Processing pursued actions to save electrical energy in air fin coolers by implementing a sequential ON/OFF control logic to achieve a saving of 1,265,600 kWH. The implementation did not occur any costs, as the project was realized completely with in-house resources.","PeriodicalId":11079,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88677617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil Gain from Successful Water Shut-Off Strategy","authors":"Suhaib Ghatrifi, Ghadna Sulaimi, Maria Jimenez Chavez, Ayca Sivrikoz","doi":"10.2118/193245-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193245-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water Shut-Off (WSO) actions are remedial activities that are being implemented in the heavy oil N Field, with the objective of reducing the water inflow of the well by closing zones which are major contributor to the high water cut. WSO are commonly executed as a mitigation action in operating wells with previous economic value. The purpose of this study is to develop a thorough knowledge of the rate of success of WSO activities linked to the time of WSO implementation, type of well (either horizontal or vertical) and the presence or lack of PLT (Production Log Test).\u0000 Success was evaluated by reviewing the net oil production rate before and after WSO activity with the gained net oil rate being converted to US Dollars.\u0000 There is no significant difference found in the success ratios between horizontal wells and verticals. However, in the horizontal wells, 74% of the successful ones were the heel shut-offs. WSO activities are found to have a success rate of 100% if the activity is implemented within the first year of the start of high water cut. Moreover, wells with WSO implementation within the first three years of observing high water-cut have a success rate of 65%. Noticeably, the success rate decreased dramatically with time, with wells having high water-cut for seven years and up to eleven years to the time of WSO implementation. These wells show success rates of 50% and 33% for seven and eleven years respectively.\u0000 A numerical sector model and well model were created to explain these findings. During oil production because of a localized decrease in pressure, the water-oil interface may rise up and deform into a conical shape near the well. This phenomenon is known as ‘water coning’. At the time of water breakthrough, the cone is observed to be narrower than more advanced stages when the water cut has risen to higher levels. At these times, the cone has broadened and, depending on spacing between adjacent wells, has lifted the overall level of the oil/water interface, decreasing the distance between the wellbore and the water. As a result, water shutoff becomes less effective with time.\u0000 It is recommended to start WSO activities on wells within the first three years of high water-cut indications. In case there is no PLT or other data, heel shutoff for the horizontal wells have a better success rate.","PeriodicalId":11079,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74697003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study of Wellbore Stability in Laminated Carbonate Rocks by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments","authors":"H. Kesserwan, Ji Guodong","doi":"10.2118/192871-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/192871-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To counter the consequences of the wellbore instability problems, a thorough analysis of the borehole conditions is performed throughout the entire life-cycle of a hydrocarbon well from planning during the early stages to completion and production. The analysis comprises the following: first, a rigorous understanding of the rock properties e.g. geochemistry and geomechanics mainly the stress magnitudes and rock strength. Second, the mud properties and the entailed interactions with the formation. For instance, numerous borehole failures in laminated rocks have been attributed to the interaction of the drilling/fracturing fluid with the layered-matrix e.g. interaction of water-based-mud with reactive clay minerals.\u0000 This paper focuses on the impacts of the pore fluids redistribution on wellbore stability in organic rich carbonate rocks. The experimental method consisted of measuring the Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance transverse relaxation time (NMR T2) on samples saturated by spontaneous imbibition of oil and brine. The wellbore stability was investigated by analyzing the changes in the NMR T2 distribution of each sample after imbibition sequences. The obtained results demonstrated the elevated impacts the wettability and pore structure characteristics on the spatial distribution of the fluids in these rocks. The type of clay content in the bedding planes and its consequent interaction with the drilling mud was identified as a potential driver of the rock instability problems. The discrepancies in the wetting traits were magnified by the presence of fractures that enhanced the network connectivity of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic pores or even across them. Furthermore, the fractures allowed the fluids to surpass the vertical bedding planes and thus accelerating the fluid distribution processes inside the pore space.","PeriodicalId":11079,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73701678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successfully Deploying & Retrieving 6,200ft of Perforating Guns Over Six Challenging HPHT Wells","authors":"Bathmanaaban Gopalan, S. Craig, See Yung Jonathan Chong, Cherif Bouzaine, P. Pouget","doi":"10.2118/192933-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/192933-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A six wells campaign to single-run perforate long completion intervals was undertaken in Brunei. The offshore field presented inherent challenges due to high pressure, temperature and long perforating intervals. A major challenge was to perforate underbalance to reduce potential permanent formation damage. The solution proposed for this high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) perforation was to use a high grade of coiled tubing (CT) with live-well gun deployment and retrieval system. The live-well gun deployment system utilizes perforating connections designed to support the gun weight, firing shock loads and ballistic transfer. The connection and break-out are facilitated via specialized rams in a dedicated BOP body in live well conditions. A 130-ksi yield strength CT string was engineered to withstand high tensile forces from running up to 1,150-ft of guns to depths of 18,000-ft in near vertical wells and provide a suitable safety margin when high collapse pressures were present. However, when perforating with long gun lengths, high dynamic shock loads will be experienced by the CT string. Thus, for all the wells, two software systems were used, traditional CT force analysis program and a gun force software for the short duration transients present during perforating. There were numerous continual improvements implemented during the duration of the campaign and one of them was maximizing the underbalance perforation up to 5,500-psi. Although such high underbalance was not a standard practice in the industry with CT, it was carried out after a comprehensive study and review to perform the operation safely and efficiently. There were no recordable safety issue throughout the two years campaign where more than 6,230-ft of guns were ran and live-well reverse deployed. The campaign was successful and operator expectations met. This paper outlines the characteristics of this campaign from the planning stage up to operational execution and efficiencies recorded over the six wells campaign. Well control mitigation practices and general contingencies will be detailed. This paper will act as a suitable reference for future operations.","PeriodicalId":11079,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77862761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined use of Optical-fiber DAS and a Permanent Seismic Source for Vertical Seismic Profiling Demonstrated at the Aquistore CO2 Storage Site","authors":"M. Nakatsukasa, H. Ban, A. Kato, N. Shimoda, D. White, E. Nickel, T. Daley","doi":"10.2118/193268-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193268-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Seimic reservoir monitoring is a method to monitor fluid displacement in the reservoir. Long-term monitoring to measure differences over several years has been successful recently. However, short-term monitoring to measure changes in nearly real-time is still challenging because the expected changes in such a short-term are small. Permanent reservoir monitoring might enable short-term monitoring because we can increase data repeatability since sources and receivers are permanently fixed at the same position. This method saves the acquisition cost once the equipment is deployed, but the number of sources and receivers is limited due to the high initial install cost. To address this challenge, we have demonstrated VSP monitoring with a combination of a permanent rotary source and DAS sensor. DAS can record a wavefield at very dense and extensive points along an optical fiber, but the quality is regarded as less than for conventional geophones. By comparing data recorded in 2015 and 2016, we investigated the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of DAS. Hourly repeatability was checked by arranging the waveforms by the acquisition time. The depth migrated image of the offset VSP extended the imaging are further away from the receiver well. Our study confirmed the complementary relationship between the permanent source and DAS acquisition. Combining these technologies might enable us to monitor small changes in the reservoir in the short-term.","PeriodicalId":11079,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, November 15, 2018","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82112942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}