{"title":"Rhetoric and practice do not always meet in the implementation of cultural policies","authors":"Sakarias Sokka","doi":"10.18261/issn2000-8325-2019-01-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/issn2000-8325-2019-01-01","url":null,"abstract":"The rich selection of papers in this issue of the Nordisk kulturpolitisk tidsskrift / Nordic Journal of Cultural Policy painstakingly illustrates how clear goals of national cultural policies often become obscured when they are implemented. Obviously, the diversity of executors and variety of implementation contexts have effect on how the end results turn out. Policies are realized via a muddy set of actions that take place in various stances and are carried out by diverse actors. It is not that unusual to end up with something that was not the original intention. Just think of how participation in the institutionalized forms of cultural life remains unequal despite the decades-long quest for cultural democracy.","PeriodicalId":110685,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk kulturpolitisk tidsskrift","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121845246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Barn om kunst","authors":"Å. Haugsevje, Heidi Stavrum, M. T. Heian","doi":"10.18261/issn2000-8325-2019-01-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/issn2000-8325-2019-01-06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":110685,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk kulturpolitisk tidsskrift","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115901393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UNESCO Cultural Policies 1966–1972 – the Founding Years of ‘New Cultural Policy’","authors":"Geir Vestheim","doi":"10.18261/issn2000-8325-2019-01-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/issn2000-8325-2019-01-10","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a study of UNESCO cultural policies in the period 1966-1972. That period was the founding years of what was later called ‘new cultural policies’. In 1966 UNESCO adopted a declaration of international cultural cooperation, and during the following years UNESCO organized a series of conferences and expert meetings that developed a strategy for cultural policies. The process was finished by a conference of European cultural ministers in Helsinki in 1972. UNESCO practiced a sociological approach to cultural development and argued that culture as a social good should be part of other social and economic goods offered to the citizens by a welfare state. Despite the fact that UNESCO member states had very different values and understandings of ‘culture’ and ‘policy’, and they had very different political systems, it was Western European liberal and democratic values that dominated its aims and policymaking process. Among Western European countries the ministry of culture in France with their leading bureaucrat Augustin Girard was the most influential agent in the policymaking process.","PeriodicalId":110685,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk kulturpolitisk tidsskrift","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130160184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crossing the Magical Barriers of Art: Social Class, Authorship and Capital in the Contemporary Finnish Literary Field","authors":"Taija Roiha","doi":"10.18261/issn2000-8325-2019-01-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18261/issn2000-8325-2019-01-04","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how social class origin is experienced to affect the trajectories of becoming and being an author in the context of the contemporary Finnish literary field. It analyzes authors’ experiences of social class, artistic work and authorship in a theoretical framework that draws from the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Beverley Skeggs, particularly the concepts of economic and cultural capital, habitus and inscription. Social class origin is argued to be a relevant factor that affects the ways authorship is pursued even in a country, such as Finland, where artistic labor is relatively well supported by the public sector. The results show that authors from upper middle-class, academic middle-class and cultural families generally felt themselves safe to pursue the risky profession of authorship. Authors from lower middle-class and workingclass origins often experienced feelings of outsiderness and not-belonging, as their personal habitus was considered to be “out of sync” with the literary field. The empirical research material of this article consists of authors’ written experiences of artistic work, social class and gender. The data were collected in 2018 and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.","PeriodicalId":110685,"journal":{"name":"Nordisk kulturpolitisk tidsskrift","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129274166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}