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Development of Innovation eJournal最新文献

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Heterogeneity of Innovations as an Argument for Limited Patent Duration: Case of Multi-Product Monopolies 创新异质性作为专利期限限制的论据:以多产品垄断为例
Development of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2015-01-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2044582
A. Bondarev
{"title":"Heterogeneity of Innovations as an Argument for Limited Patent Duration: Case of Multi-Product Monopolies","authors":"A. Bondarev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2044582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2044582","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the question why patents for multi-product monopolies should be finite. The monopolist is developing new versions of the basic product continuously and simultaneously invests into the improvement of all the existing and newly created products, thus optimally managing both horizontal and vertical innovations. It turns out that finite duration of the patent for each new product stimulates the speed of introduction of new products over the development of existing ones, thus fostering structural change in a given industry, while decreasing overall intensity of innovations in comparison to infinitely long patents. The crucial role in this is played by the relative complexity of newly introduced products and corresponding patent holding costs.","PeriodicalId":11062,"journal":{"name":"Development of Innovation eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82907485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Sequential Innovation and Patent Policy 顺序创新与专利政策
Development of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2014-11-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2527671
Álvaro Parra
{"title":"Sequential Innovation and Patent Policy","authors":"Álvaro Parra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2527671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2527671","url":null,"abstract":"I examine the impact of patent policy — characterized by patent length and strength — on R&D investment dynamics and the number of competitors in the context of sequential innovation. Overly protective policies introduce two distortions: they delay leaders' and followers' investments toward the end of the patent's life, and they decrease the number of competitors in the market. I study the policy that maximizes innovative activity, and how this policy depends on market characteristics. Patent length and strength complement each other in the sense that one tool is effective at encouraging innovation in markets where the other is not.","PeriodicalId":11062,"journal":{"name":"Development of Innovation eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75555789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Innovation: Integration of Random Variation and Creative Synthesis 创新:随机变异与创造性综合的结合
Development of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2014-11-05 DOI: 10.5465/AMR.2014.0438
Jiyao Chen, Christopher Adamson
{"title":"Innovation: Integration of Random Variation and Creative Synthesis","authors":"Jiyao Chen, Christopher Adamson","doi":"10.5465/AMR.2014.0438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2014.0438","url":null,"abstract":"Sarah Harvey has developed an important model called creative synthesis for the use of dialectical reasoning in creative endeavors. This model is put in direct opposition to the evolutionary model called random variation, which, according to Harvey, promotes incremental innovation, while creative synthesis promotes radical innovation. In emphasizing the affirmative stage of the dialectical process, creative synthesis offers a description of how groups can be consistently successful in creative endeavors through collective attention, enabling ideas, and building on similarities. We propose that creative synthesis is not a rival to but an extension of random variation and that the same dialectical reasoning used by Harvey allows us to integrate the two models into a more versatile hybrid: evolutionary synthesis. We contend that the hybrid model better reflects the complexity of reality and avoids the problem of routinization. It appears that innovation is all about Darwin and Marx.","PeriodicalId":11062,"journal":{"name":"Development of Innovation eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72672615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Dynamic Patterns of Industry Convergence: Evidence from a Large Amount of Unstructured Data 产业融合的动态模式:来自大量非结构化数据的证据
Development of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2014-11-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2519054
Na-Youn Kim, Hyeokseong Lee, Wonjoon Kim, Hyunjong Lee, J. Suh
{"title":"Dynamic Patterns of Industry Convergence: Evidence from a Large Amount of Unstructured Data","authors":"Na-Youn Kim, Hyeokseong Lee, Wonjoon Kim, Hyunjong Lee, J. Suh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2519054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2519054","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the accelerated life cycle in technology and correspondingly rapid technological saturation in markets, firms are not only accelerating the rate of technological innovation but also expanding the scope of their products or services by combining product or service features of other markets, which eventually leads to industry convergence. However, despite the significant impact of industry convergence on the economy, our understanding of the phenomenon is still limited because previous studies explored only a few cases and come largely from the technological perspective. Therefore, it is still questionable whether industry convergence is a general phenomenon that is prevalent across entire industries. In this paper, we analyze the phenomenon in entire U.S. industries, focusing on its trends and patterns. To do so, we conduct a co-occurrence-based analysis of text mining for a large volume of unstructured data – 2 million newspaper articles from 1989 to 2012 – and suggest using an industry convergence (IC) index based on normalized pointwise mutual information (PMI). We find that overall industry convergence is increasing over time. Moreover, the rate of the increase has been greater within industry than between industries at a given industry level. However, when we cluster the dynamic patterns of industry convergence among industry pairs, the patterns are mixed, and, while some industry groups are converging over time, others are stationary. These findings suggest that significant transformation is under way in the economy, but this phenomenon is not yet prevalent across entire industries. In addition, this study provides a method for anticipating the future direction of industry convergence.","PeriodicalId":11062,"journal":{"name":"Development of Innovation eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79427740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 122
Leadership and Value Creation on Innovation: The Case of Software Developer Sector in Guadalajara, México 创新中的领导力和价值创造:以墨西哥瓜达拉哈拉软件开发部门为例
Development of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2014-11-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2390787
Juan Mejía-Trejo, J. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Manuel Ortiz-Barrera
{"title":"Leadership and Value Creation on Innovation: The Case of Software Developer Sector in Guadalajara, México","authors":"Juan Mejía-Trejo, J. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Manuel Ortiz-Barrera","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2390787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2390787","url":null,"abstract":"This document is a descriptive study that aims to discover and analyze the elements that characterize the leadership oriented to value creation and development of innovation in organizations. The methodology is based on the application of Short Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5X) of Avolio & Bass, (2004), for discovering the predominant type of leadership as; Transformational(LTRF), Transactional (LTRS), Passive/Avoidant (LPAV), and their results (RLDS) characterized with 45 indicators, and their incidence to the Value Creation (VC,8), Innovation Generation (IG,50), add up 103 indicators, describing 36 dimensions and 9 variables. The questionnaire was applied to 200 managers belonging to firms of the Software Developer Sector (SDS), as subject of study in Guadalajara City, Mexico (GCM). The study concluded with the discovery of LTRF as a predominant leadership in SDS, with positive correlation with VC and IG. LPAV, has an opposite correlation, mainly with VC (11%).","PeriodicalId":11062,"journal":{"name":"Development of Innovation eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74244640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
(Un)Conventional Combinations: At the Origins of Breakthrough Inventions (非)传统组合:突破性发明的起源
Development of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2610562
Antonio Della Malva, M. Riccaboni
{"title":"(Un)Conventional Combinations: At the Origins of Breakthrough Inventions","authors":"Antonio Della Malva, M. Riccaboni","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2610562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2610562","url":null,"abstract":"Impactful inventions carry forward combinations of components which depart from common practices: they remove restrictions in the knowledge space by breaking conventional rules. In this paper we present a novel measure of the extent to which combinations in the inventive process conform to established practices. We borrow an established approach from the literature on product market diversification and adapt it to measure how combinations are typical or unconventional. We find that most of the inventive activities are grounded in conventional efforts, with rare instances of unconventional connections. Unconventionality is more likely to occur with experience, in teams and in large organizations. Moreover, patents which cite a widespread spectrum of previous results have a higher chance to identify unconventional connections. We also observe that inventions carrying forward unconventional combinations are cited more by future patent applications than conventional inventions.","PeriodicalId":11062,"journal":{"name":"Development of Innovation eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87275977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Dynamic Platform Design 动态平台设计
Development of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2506461
Andre Veiga
{"title":"Dynamic Platform Design","authors":"Andre Veiga","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2506461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2506461","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract I model dynamic product design along price and non-price dimensions by a firm in a market with positive network externalities between consumers. In the case of a usage fee, I provide conditions under which the steady state (SS) is unique and show that the introductory price is negative and therefore below the positive SS price. Moreover, SS price increases with the size of demand frictions and is therefore higher than in a static model. A welfare maximizer's SS price is lower than a profit-maximizer's, and it is negative if demand frictions are low enough. If a platform chooses product scope (in the sense of Johnson and Myatt (2006)), it is optimal to begin as a niche platform and to broaden scope as market share increases. When the platform can target different groups of consumers with different prices, it caters to those consumers whose price-elasticity of demand is large relative to their valuation for network externalities. Finally, we show how the model can be extended to the case where consumers have multidimensional types and make heterogeneous contributions to the network's value.","PeriodicalId":11062,"journal":{"name":"Development of Innovation eJournal","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76080641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Trade Secrets: Tools for Innovation and Collaboration 商业秘密:创新与合作的工具
Development of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2014-09-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2501262
J. Brant, S. Lohse
{"title":"Trade Secrets: Tools for Innovation and Collaboration","authors":"J. Brant, S. Lohse","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2501262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2501262","url":null,"abstract":"This paper intends to inform policymakers about the contribution of trade secrets to knowledge transfer and collaborative innovation, with emphasis on technological know-how. It also aims to inform policymakers about certain shortcomings in existing frameworks for trade secret protection, which can undermine cross-border collaboration in particular. The first part examines the notion of trade secrets, and explains their relationship to patents, demonstrating how businesses can deploy both approaches to efficiently manage their intellectual assets.The second part of this paper looks more closely at the practical challenges of managing trade secrets in the real economy.Finally, the last section suggests actions at the firm and legislative levels to ensure that confidential business information, a key source of competitive advantage for many firms, can be successfully protected and managed.","PeriodicalId":11062,"journal":{"name":"Development of Innovation eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84593799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
University R&D Funding Strategies in a Changing Federal Funding Environment 变化的联邦资助环境下的大学研发资助策略
Development of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.1093/SCIPOL/SCU054
Margaret E. Blume-Kohout, Krishna B. Kumar, N. Sood
{"title":"University R&D Funding Strategies in a Changing Federal Funding Environment","authors":"Margaret E. Blume-Kohout, Krishna B. Kumar, N. Sood","doi":"10.1093/SCIPOL/SCU054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SCIPOL/SCU054","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates how changes in US National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding levels affected US universities’ total biomedical R&D efforts, over a period of dramatic change in the federal funding environment. Instrumental variables estimation reveals that during the NIH budget doubling period (1998–2003), each federal dollar that US universities received spurred an additional $0.26 in research support from non-federal sources, with stronger complementarity found among historically less-research-intensive institutions. However, in the more competitive post-doubling environment (2006 onwards), the more research-intensive PhD-granting universities substituted funding from non-federal sources to maintain stable levels of R&D expenditures. In contrast, at non-PhD-granting and historically less-research-intensive institutions, total R&D funding and expenditures declined overall with reduced availability of federal funds. However, the effect of successful federal applications on subsequent non-federal investment remained significant and positive for this latter group, suggesting federal R&D funding may play an important signaling role.","PeriodicalId":11062,"journal":{"name":"Development of Innovation eJournal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90474699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Innovation, Product Cycle, and Asset Prices 创新、产品周期和资产价格
Development of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2014-08-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2425684
Ryo Jinnai
{"title":"Innovation, Product Cycle, and Asset Prices","authors":"Ryo Jinnai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2425684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2425684","url":null,"abstract":"This paper constructs a simple endogenous growth model featuring the product cycle, i.e., the transition from monopoly to perfect competition, and studies its implications for both asset market and business cycle statistics. I find that the product cycle is a powerful amplification mechanism; the model incorporating the product cycle is able to generate nearly twice as large an equity premium as the model without the product cycle and, as a result, matches the equity premium data. The current paper thereby contributes to advancing a promising theory on the economic sources of long-run risks, postulating that innovation and R&D cause long-run uncertainties in economic growth.","PeriodicalId":11062,"journal":{"name":"Development of Innovation eJournal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87604625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
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