EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"SINTSENSE:Low-Cost Monitoring of VOC Emissions from the Ferroalloy Industry","authors":"T. Aarhaug, O. Kjos, I. Kero, P. Eidem","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3926076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3926076","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from ferroalloy industry is challenging from an analytical point of view. PAHs constitute a group of analytes with a wide range of boiling points, thus sampling requires considering both gaseous as well as condensed phase constituents. Sampling for the purpose of reporting emissions has traditionally been conducted over a 2-3-hour interval and large variations have been observed. It has been speculated that there are large fluctuations in the PAH emission levels, and that these fluctuations are to some extent process dependent. In order to improve on budgets for PAH emissions, sampling must either be conducted over a larger time interval in order to capture more of the variations, or knowledge about the nature of the variations must be established to aim sampling at representative time periods. There are currently no options for online monitoring of PAH emissions. By-proxy approaches to online monitoring could be established from knowledge of the PAH component distribution, where the total PAH emission is inferred from the monitoring of a subset of components. With fundamental knowledge of PAH formation and destruction it is also possible to correlate PAH emissions with other emissions parameters. SINTSENSE is a low-cost sensor system aiming at monitoring of volatile organic compounds in emission gas streams. A photo ionization detector is used in order to detect aromatic gas constituents. It is not selective towards aromatic gas constituents, but will report a total budget for VOC and PAH. The sensor system can also be fitted with 3 additional sensors (e.g. SO2, NO2, CO) in order to monitor other relevant gas constituents. The system has been installed at industrial emission points in order to map the variations in emissions from ferroalloy smelters and this paper describes some of the early results obtained from the system.","PeriodicalId":110628,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)","volume":"61 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132164395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-Activated Graphene Oxide for Carbon Capture: Application as Self-Supported Foam Adsorbent and Counterpart in Metal-Organic Framework/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Adsorbents","authors":"A. Varghese, K. S. K. Reddy, Swati Singh, G. Karanikolos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3821344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3821344","url":null,"abstract":"To follow the low-carbon environmental directives, it is imperative to develop sustainable carbon capture technologies. From an industrial viewpoint, carbon capture by adsorption shows increasing potential by virtue of energy and cost benefits. In this work, graphene oxide (GO)-based adsorbents, namely self-supported GO foam (GOF) and Cu-BTC metal-organic framework (MOF)/GO hybrids, were explored after applying UV activation on the GO. Gas adsorption evaluation indicated that UV activation of GO increased the CO2 uptake in both GOF and MOF/UV-GO, while selective adsorption of CO2 from N2 was also increased upon UV irradiation.","PeriodicalId":110628,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122237894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Collagen-Polyurethane-Chitosan Hydrogels for Lead Ions Removal from Water","authors":"Irene D. Reyes-Ruiz","doi":"10.46382/mjbas.2020.4209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46382/mjbas.2020.4209","url":null,"abstract":"Collagen-polyurethane-chitosan hydrogels were synthesized by modifying the chemical structure of the crosslinking agent, with the aim to test which one plays a better role in removing of lead ions from water through adsorption process. In the first instance, two chemical crosslinkers based on aqueous polyurethane prepolymers (PPU) were used, where the type of aliphatic diisocyanate: hexamethylene diisocyanate P(HDI) or isophoronadiisocyanate P(IPDI) was varied. Hydrogels were subsequently designed using type I collagen (C) and chitosan (Q) varying the type of crosslinker: CQ-P(HDI) and CQ-P(IPDI), respectively. Hydrogels were characterized by means of crosslinking index, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric behavior (TGA) and swelling/degradation kinetics. Finally, tests were performed to determine the removal rate of Pb (II) ions in model waters. The results indicate that CQ-P(HDI) hydrogels have a higher degree of crosslinking, improving its resistance to the both thermal and hydrolytic degradation, and higher swelling capacity at acidic pH; compared to those derived from CQ-P(IPDI); however, these hydrogels do not show a decrement in the removal rate of Pb (II) ions from water, compared to the CQ hydrogel (without crosslinking), thus these innovative materials could be used as an alternative with potential use in the remediation of waters contaminated with lead ions.","PeriodicalId":110628,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129603158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Influence of the Catalysts Application on the Level of Emissions of Carbon Monoxide in the Manufacture of Electrodes","authors":"O. Ivanenko, N. Gomelya, Yevgen M. Panov","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2020.207483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.207483","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is emissions harmful to the environment by the example of emissions from the manufacturer of electrodes of Ukrgrafit JSC (Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine). As well as carbon material, during the heat treatment of which the formation of carbon monoxide occurs, taking into account the use of the catalyst directly in the technological process of heat treatment of carbon material. Based on the simulation of dispersion of emissions of Ukrgrafit JSC in the air, taking into account the size of the sanitary protection zone, it is shown that the CO surface concentration, taking into account background pollution, exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) at control points. It is determined that in order to achieve the established standards at the border of residential development, it is necessary to modernize production by introducing scientific and technical solutions to protect the atmosphere from pollution by carbon monoxide. Physical modeling of the processes of heat treatment of carbon materials for the production of electrodes, such as bedding, granular pitch, charge for billets, in a laboratory setup is carried out. The thermal regime is evaluated for the level of carbon monoxide emissions during firing of carbon material. The results are compared with the data obtained by examining the parameters of the furnaces in the enterprise.<br><br>The efficiency of using the catalyst directly in the technological process of heat treatment of carbon material to the efficiency of the oxidation of carbon monoxide is determined. It is established that a successful solution to the problem of exceeding the standard of carbon monoxide emissions in the technology for the production of electrodes is possible by using overfill modified with manganese dioxide with a MnO2 content of 1.5 %.<br><br>It is shown that after the catalytic neutralization of carbon monoxide, the maximum CO surface concentration on the boundaries of housing taking into account background pollution does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. This ensures that 0.576638 MPC is obtained from the value of the maximum one-time maximum permissible concentration of carbon monoxide, minimizes the environmental risks from the company’s emissions for the population. Modernization of production by introducing a system of catalytic neutralization of carbon monoxide does not require special equipment, compared with well-known analogues it does not require significant investment.","PeriodicalId":110628,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129324685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composting of Fruit Peel From Rutaceae Family","authors":"M. Ramasamy, Rakesh Subramanian Srirangarayan, Ramesh Paulin Thangam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3641904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3641904","url":null,"abstract":"The Limonene is present in orange peel waste and it is known to be an antimicrobial properties and it contain more phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. The citrus fruits contain juice in the range of 35-55%. After juice yield the left out part of fruits viz., peels, membranes, juice vesicles and seed are thrown away as dumping waste. The entrepreneur for the solid waste management should collect the fruit waste and fruit peels from the orchards and markets. The best way to ensure composting efficiency is by involving a variety of fruit and vegetable waste in composite mixture. The microbial consortium exhibiting from rutaceae family plant fruit wastes were engaged in co-composting process for rapid production of compost within a shorter duration.","PeriodicalId":110628,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129903863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaving Your Tailings Behind: Environmental Bonds, Bankruptcy and Waste Cleanup","authors":"Sara Aghakazemjourabbaf, M. Insley","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3630374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3630374","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies the impacts of an environmental bond, which fully covers waste cleanup costs, on a mining firm's optimal actions when bankruptcy may shift cleanup costs to the government. A firm's stochastic optimal control problem is described by an HJB equation with the resource price modelled as an Ito process. A theoretical result is derived, showing that when a firm does not have the option to declare bankruptcy, the bond has no impact on the optimal controls. In contrast, if a firm does have a bankruptcy option and if no environmental bond is required, the firm produces too much waste relative to a benchmark case, resulting in an effciency loss and a cleanup liability imposed on government. In the presence of a bankruptcy option, a bond ensures that the firm acts optimally and no effciency loss is imposed on society. A numerical solution of the HJB equation is implemented for a hypothetical copper mine and results are analyzed for two different models of bankruptcy risk.","PeriodicalId":110628,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121774176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of Research of the Reduced Emissions of Pollutants by Road Vehicles of Various Environmental Classes ‘Euro’ As the Basis of Environmental Hazard Labeling","authors":"Oleksii Klymenko","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.196985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.196985","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the change in the calculated reduced emissions of pollutants by all major categories of road vehicles of European environmental classes from \"Euro-0\" to \"Euro-6\". It covers cars, light commercial vehicles, trucks, buses, and category L vehicles (mopeds and motorcycles). The reduced mass emissions of pollutants are defined in a common coordinate system, from both traditional internal combustion engines and electric vehicles. Emissions in atmospheric air by wearing products of a pneumatic tire, road pavement, and brake pad are also taken into account. The methodology for calculation of reduced mass operational emissions includes 64 types of major pollutants, grouped into eight specific groups. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, ammonia, light hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, persistent organic pollutants, particles, sulfur compounds, metals, are covered. Particulate matter emissions from engine exhaust, pneumatic tire wear, road pavement, and brake pads are taken into account. Particulate matter emissions include both elemental carbon and individually adsorbed and absorbed carcinogens in their composition. The average operational mass emissions of pollutants were determined using the methodology of the European Environment Agency. For each of the 64 pollutants, a relative toxicity (aggressiveness) factor is proposed. It is based on available data on the maximum permissible concentrations of substances in ambient air. It is determined as the ratio of the maximum permissible concentrations of carbon monoxide to a known pollutant. It was found that the reduced emissions by cars of level \"Euro-5\" and \"Euro-6\" with gasoline engines are only about four times higher than the reduced emissions of electric vehicles; the reduced emissions of \"Euro-6++\" cars with diesel engines are twice as high as those of \"Euro-5\" or \"Euro-6\" cars with gasoline engines; the reduced emissions of trucks and city buses of \"Euro-6\" level are on average only about five times greater than the reduced emissions of electric transport; the reduced emissions by vehicles of category L (mopeds and motorcycles) can significantly exceed the emissions of cars and even buses and trucks. The results obtained could be the basis for the development of environmental (ecological) classification and labeling of road vehicles. It provides opportunities for the introduction of fiscal and other mechanisms to encourage the use of more environmentally friendly vehicles in line with the practice of EU Member States, using the \"polluter pays\" principle. General principles of the introduction of the universal system of road vehicles' environmental hazard labeling are proposed. It is suggested to set discrete baseline levels of environmental hazard in increments of 1.259 times the reduced emissions, which is equal to an increase by 10 0.1  times in the specific energy value, that is, 1 dB","PeriodicalId":110628,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125277079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment and Operating Cost Analysis of Textile Wastewater by Electrocoagulation","authors":"Shamal Sen, A. Prajapati, Rajesh Kumar Kaushal, D. Pal, A. Mansuri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3721564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3721564","url":null,"abstract":"Textile dyeing industries are utilizing large quantity of raw water for the processing at dyeing and finishing units. At the same time, there generate huge amount of wastewater from different processes in the textile industry. Many of textile industries in India are using variety of synthetic dyes for the processing purpose. These dyes are very complex in nature. Many dyes contain organic compounds with functional groups, carboxylic (–COOH), amine (–NH2) and azo (–N=N–). Wastewater generating from textile industry is also found to be in variety of colours along with very high COD and BOD values. Present study deals with the treatment of textile dyeing effluent with aluminium electrodes in electrochemical reactor. Experiments were carried out at different pH range (4-10) and current density 53 mA/cm2. Maximum COD and Colour removal was found 95 % and 92 % respectively at optimum pH at the cost of 13.3 Wh/dm3. Electro-coagulation was found suitable for the treatment of textile dyeing effluent.","PeriodicalId":110628,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129927209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory Impairment and Intelligence Retardation with Exposure to Fluoride and Arsenic","authors":"Maria García, Yingsu Chang, J. Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3516892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3516892","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the uneven distribution of geochemical elements and environmental pollution caused by industrial development, the environmental media in some areas are rich in fluorine and arsenic. High-fluorine, high-arsenic, and double high regions of both fluorine and arsenic exist widely in the world. The attention to the harm of endemic fluoride, arsenic and their combined poisoning on the intelligence, learning and memory of children has been paid. We herein reviewed the research results on the effects of fluorine, arsenic and their combined effects on learning and memory.","PeriodicalId":110628,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121520307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leather Processing, Its Effects on Environment and Alternatives of Chrome Tanning","authors":"Karanam Sai Bhavya, R. P, Jenifer Selvarani A, Antony V Samrot, Pazhayakath Thevarkattil Mohamed Javad, Appalaraju, V.V.S.S","doi":"10.34218/ijaret.10.6.2019.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/ijaret.10.6.2019.009","url":null,"abstract":"There are several processes involved in leather making, one of the process is tanning. In tanning process, higher concentration of chromium is commonly used. Whereas chromium is regarded as one of the toxic heavy metal. The disposal of these chromium effluent into water bodies is known to cause various ill effects. To replace that, vegetable tanning can be practiced, where the method is easy as well as eco friendly. In this review, we have dealt about various procedures in leather processing especially chrome tanning and health hazards caused by chromium. Also added a note on vegetable tanning using tannins to replace the chrome tanning for making better environment.<br>","PeriodicalId":110628,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Environmental Chemical Engineering (Topic)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125920549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}