Current radiopharmaceuticals最新文献

{"title":"Fully Automated Methods for [18F]FDG and [18F]-NaF Productions Using Explora FDG4: Validation and Reliability of Multi-Subsequent Preparations for Clinical Applications.","authors":"E. Awad, H. Ali, James Lamb, E. Al‐Momani","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220518115244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220518115244","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The worldwide usage of [18F]-sodium fluoride in clinical applications increase the interest of the facility of its production. The development of a new automated method for multi-preparations of [18F]-NaF and [18F]FDG on an Explora FDG4 module is described. Explora FDG4 is one of the most widely used synthesizers for FDG production in daily routine use and specifically designed to run up to four different productions with single module. Therefore, slight modifications were carried out in order to increase the potential of the synthesizer to perform more radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS A fully automated method for multi-preparations of [18F]-NaF and [18F]FDG using Explora FDG4 was performed. Slight modifications of the Explora's hardware and software configuration were applied. A new elution vial for NaF preparation was installed and connected to the free position to MVP1. Quality control was carried-out using the standard analytical methods that applied for GMP production. RESULTS This modification successfully provides preparation of [18F]-NaF without affecting the daily FDG production using one set preparation. [18F]-NaF was obtained in a high radiochemical yield (>90%, n=100) in 10 min total preparation time. The quality control results for both obtained products FDG (RCP >95%) and NaF (RCP >98%)showed that the radiopharmaceuticals were in compliance with USP and Ph.Eur. specifications and compatible with clinical applications. CONCLUSION A rapid and simple method for multi preparations of [18F]-NaF and [18F]FDG using single Explora module was designed. Yet, the chemistry module has the potential to generate more radiopharmaceuticals to decrease the cost of preparation of [18F]-NaF comparing with the cassette-based synthesizers, reducing radiation exposure resulted by manual preparations and increase the reproducibility of [18F]-NaF preparation.","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46334444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of knowledge and level of radiation safety awareness among Radiographers working in Nuclear Medicine.","authors":"Mpumelelo Nyathi","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220425121713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220425121713","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Radiopharmaceuticals are used for diagnosis, treatment, staging and follow up of various diseases. However, there is concern that the ionizing radiation (gamma rays, α and ß particles) may result in the exposure of radiographers with limited knowledge of the principles of radiation protection and safety, raising the risk of cancer induction.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000To investigate the knowledge and level of radiation safety awareness among radiographers at a tertiary hospital.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000It is an analytical cross-sectional study. A validated two-part questionnaire was implemented to consenting radiographers in a Nuclear Medicine Department. Part 1 gathered demographic information (age, gender, work experience, attendance to/or passing ionizing radiation protection courses). Part 2 covered questions related to knowledge and level of awareness of radiation protection principles.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Five radiographers voluntary participated (2/5 were males while 3/5 were females). Three age groups were distinguishable, 21-30, 41-50 and 51-60 years. In the age group of 21-30 years, there was one male with just over 4 years of experience while in the age group 41-50, there were three females with less than three years of experience and in the age group 51-60, there was one male radiographer with over 20 years of experience. All the radiographers showed a high level of awareness and knowledge of radiation safety principles.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Education coupled with training in radiation protection is an essential tool for instilling radiation awareness among radiographers. However, education alone is not enough, further skills in preparation and administration of radiopharmaceuticals will reduce exposures.","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43700386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of radiation exposure dose for nuclear medicine workers from 18F-FDG, 99mTc MDP and 99mTc.","authors":"Abdulrahman M Al-Esaei, Emran Eisa Saleh, R. M. E. Shazly, S. Elmaghraby, M. Khalil, A. Kany","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220413114927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220413114927","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Nuclear medicine or diagnostic radiology personnel are always exposed to low-level radiation from radionuclides used in medical diagnostics, which lead to potential biological hazards or effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000External exposure for workers in two nuclear medicine centers was measured by recruiting 120 patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Three nuclear medicine examinations were performed using F18-FDG PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP bones scan, and 99mTc thyroid scan by a digital radiation dosimeter.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The average received accumulative radiation dose for workers was found to be 0.838±0.17, 0.527±0.11 and 0.270±0.05 μSv for F18-FDG PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP bones scan, and 99mTc thyroid scan, respectively. The annual effective dose for workers was estimated to be 2.09±0.42, 1.34±0.27 and 0.68±0.14 mSv, respectively. Moreover, the average patient-to-staff dose coefficients were found to be 0.024±0.005, 0.003±0.001, and 0.007±0.002 μSv m2/MBq h for F18-FDG PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP bones scan, and 99mTc thyroid scan, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000It is clear from the results that the radiation doses received by workers during the nuclear medicine imaging examinations were less than the doses recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for such examinations.","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41994637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological aspects and prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume assessed with 18F-FDG PET/CT in lymphomas.","authors":"F. Tutino, E. Giovannini, S. Pastorino, O. Ferrando, G. Giovacchini, A. Ciarmiello","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220329120631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220329120631","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) assessed by pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT has shown significant prognostic value across many lymphoma types, although not yet used in clinical practice for technical concerns and need for standardization. Numerous studies on the prognostic value of MTV in lymphomas have been published in recent years, but there is still no full agreement on the best methodology for MTV calculation. In this paper, we reviewed the methodological aspects of MTV assessment and reported recent works about its impact on outcome in lymphomas, with a focus on Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45677044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imperatorin attenuates proliferation of MCF-7 Cells in combination with Radiotherapy or Hyperthermia.","authors":"P. Amini, Saeedeh Jafari Nodooshan, M. Ashrafizadeh, A. Aliasgharzadeh, Z. Vakili, S. Tavakoli, T. Aryafar, A. Musa, M. Najafi, S. Taeb, Bagher Farhood","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220318122202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220318122202","url":null,"abstract":"AIM\u0000The aim of this study was to evaluate possible sensitization effect of imperatorin (IMP) for radiotherapy and hyperthermia (HT).\u0000\u0000\u0000BACKGROUND\u0000Breast cancer is one of the most common types of malignancies in the world. Cancer resistance is an unavoidable consequence of therapy with radiation or other modalities. Numerous researches aimed at improving cancer response to therapy are ongoing.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Thus, in this study, we investigated the potential sensitizing effect of IMP in combination with external radiotherapy (ERT) or HT.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHOD\u0000After treatment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IMP, cells were exposed to 4 Gy X-rays or HT (42 °C for 1 hour). The viability of MCF-7 cells was measured using MTT assay. Furthermore, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes including Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 were investigated using real-time PCR. The sensitizing effect of IMP in combination with ERT or HT was calculated and compared to ERT or HT alone.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Results showed an increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 following ERT and HT. Furthermore, cell viability reduced following these treatments. IMP was able to augment these effects of ERT and HT.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000IMP could increase the efficiency of HT and ERT. This effect of IMP may suggest it as an adjuvant for increasing the therapeutic efficiency of ERT.","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41987454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Heparin Affect ^99mTc-MAA In Vitro Stability?","authors":"Teresa Scotognella,&nbsp;Valerio Lanni,&nbsp;Fabiana Moresi,&nbsp;Alessio Rizzo,&nbsp;Andrea Guarneri,&nbsp;Venanzio Valenza","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220204142608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220204142608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pulmonary embolism (PE) can be diagnosed by perfusion lung scintigraphy using human albumin macroaggregates labelled ^99mTc (^99mTc-MAA). When PE is suspected, subcutaneous Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) should be administered even before the results of the PE diagnostic flowchart. In our study, we aimed to evaluate a possible interaction (in vitro interference) between ^99mTc-MAA and LMWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The reconstitution of MAA kit was performed according to the manufacturer's instruction. After labelling, we carried out the following preparations: a standard dose of ^99mTc-MAA alone, as control; ^99mTc-MAA and enoxaparin at different ratios. According to the manufacturer's instruction, the radiochemical purity was performed and evaluated immediately (T₀), after 15 and 30 minutes after incubation (T₁₅ and T₃₀).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared the radiochemical purity of ^99mTc-MAA with: (i) radiochemical purity of ^99mTc-MAA and enoxaparin (11 ratio), (ii) radiochemical purity of ^99mTc-MAA and enoxaparin (0.5 ratio), and (iii) radiochemical purity of ^99mTc-MAA and enoxaparin (ratio 2). No significant differences were found between all the measured parameters at each time point for each ratio. We also tested the stability of ^99mTc-MAA in physiological conditions (at 37°C in PBS): the initial radiochemical purity of ^99mTc-MAA was 99.78%. The values of 99mTc-MAA radiochemical purity were high in all conditions of possible interaction with LMWH, with values ranging from 98.00% at T0 to 95% at T₃₀.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found no statistically significant change in the in vitro stability of ^99mTc-MAA in the presence of enoxaparin, excluding a possible direct interference. Future studies will be needed to check the ^99mTc-MAA stability under physiological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"15 3","pages":"199-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39596097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Application of a High Sensitivity BGO PET/CT Scanner: Effects of Acquisition Protocols and Reconstruction Parameters on Lesions Quantification.","authors":"Elena De Ponti,&nbsp;Cinzia Crivellaro,&nbsp;Sabrina Morzenti,&nbsp;Lavinia Monaco,&nbsp;Sergio Todde,&nbsp;Claudio Landoni,&nbsp;Federica Elisei,&nbsp;Monica Musarra,&nbsp;Luca Guerra","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220107100200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220107100200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate SUVs variability with respect to lesion size, administered dose, and reconstruction algorithm.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>SUV_max and SUV_peak are influenced by technical factors as count statistics and reconstruction algorithms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To fulfill the aim, we evaluated the SUVs variability with respect to lesion size, administered dose, and reconstruction algorithm (ordered - subset expectation _maximization plus point spread function option - OSEM+PSF, regularized Bayesian Penalized Likelihood - BPL) in a 5 - rings BGO PET/CT scanner.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Discovery IQ scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, US) was used for list mode acquisition of 25 FDG patients, 12 injected with 3.7 MBq/kg (Standard Dose protocol - SD) and 13 injected with 1.8 MBq/kg (Low Dose protocol - LD). Each acquisition was reconstructed at different time/FOV with both OSEM+PSF algorithm and BPL using seven different beta factors. SUVs were calculated in 70 lesions and analysed in function of time/FOV and Beta. Image quality was evaluated as a coefficient of variation of the liver (CV - liver).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SUVs were not considerably affected by time/FOV. However, SUVs were influenced by beta: differences were higher in small lesions (37% for SUV_max, 15% for SUV_peak) compared to larger ones (14% and 6%). CV - liver ranged from 6% with Beta-500 (LD and SD) to 13% with Beta- 200 (LD). CV - liver of BPL with Beta-350 (optimized for clinical practice in our institution) in LD was lower than CV - liver of OSEM+PSF in SD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When a high sensitivity 5 - rings BGO PET/CT scanner is used with the same reconstruction algorithm, quantification by means of SUV_max and SUV_peak is a robust standard compared to the activity and scan duration. However, both SUVs and image quality are influenced by reconstruction algorithms and the related parameters should be considered to obtain the best compromise between detectability, quantification, and noise.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"15 3","pages":"218-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39882451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Review of the Simple Theoretical Models in Dynamic Imaging: Up-Slope Method and Graphical Analysis.","authors":"Habib E Ashoor","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220107101305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220107101305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical imaging equipment technological advancements offer insight into the evolution of mathematical techniques used to estimate parameters necessary to characterize the microvasculature and, thus, differentiate normal tissues from abnormal ones. These parameters are blood flow (F), capillary endothelial permeability surface area product (PS), vascular fraction (v_e), and extravascular extracellular space size (EES,v_e). There are a number of well-established approaches that exist in the literature; however, their analysis is restricted by complexity and is heavily influenced by noise. On the other hand, these characteristics can also be calculated using simpler and straightforward approaches such as Up-Slope Method (USM) and Graphical Analysis (GA). The review looks into the theoretical background and clinical uses of these methodologies, as well as the applicability of these techniques in various sections of the human body.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"15 3","pages":"174-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39882452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Radiosensitizing Effect of Olanzapine as an Antipsychotic Medication on Glioblastoma Cell.","authors":"Seyedeh Zahra Allahgholipour,&nbsp;Soghra Farzipour,&nbsp;Arash Ghasemi,&nbsp;Hossein Asgarian-Omran,&nbsp;Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr","doi":"10.2174/1874471014666210120100448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471014666210120100448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radiotherapy is used as one of the most effective regimens for cancer treatment, while radioresistance is a major drawback in cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the sensitizing effect of olanzapine (OLA) with X-ray on glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The synergistic killing effect of OLA with ionizing radiation (IR) on glioma was evaluated by colony formation assay. The generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyl (PC) as oxidized proteins were determined in OLA-treated and irradiated cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of this study showed that OLA reduced the number of colonies in irradiated glioma cells.OLA elevated ROS and PC levels in irradiated cells. The synergistic killing effect of OLA with IR in U-87 MG cells was observed at concentrations of 1 μM and 20 μM of OLA. The maximum radiosensitizing effect of OLA was observed at a concentration of 20 μM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study demonstrates that OLA has a radiosensitizing effect on cell death induced by IR in glioma cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"15 1","pages":"50-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38864564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed Chemistry Studies of ²²⁵Actinium Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals.","authors":"Kurtulus Eryilmaz,&nbsp;Benan Kilbas","doi":"10.2174/1874471014666210528123936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471014666210528123936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The synthesis of ²²⁵Actinium derivatives was afforded by using PSMA- 617, DOTATATE peptides, and EDTMP ligand. Detailed experiments, quality control (QC), and stability studies were also well described. The radiolabelling reactions were performed in mild conditions with desirable radiochemical yields and high radiochemical purities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PSMA-617, DOTATATE were radiolabelled with ²²⁵Actinium in 0.1 M HCl in the presence of ascorbate buffer solution and passed through the C-18 light cartridge for purification and the product was eluted by ethanol-water solution. EDTMP was also radiolabelled with ²²⁵Actinium without using any stabilizer and purification step. All products were well analyzed by R-TLC and R-HPLC. The stability of those compounds was also studied within the validity period of time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>²²⁵Ac-DOTATATE and 225Ac-PSMA-617 were obtained at the same condition. The radiochemical yield of 225Ac-DOTATATE was less than²²⁵Ac-PSMA 617. The stability experiments indicating decay daughters of ²²⁵Actinium appeared after T0 +1 h due to the recoil effect radiolysis. On the other hand, ²²⁵Ac-EDTMP was more stable than DOTA-peptide radiolabelled compounds. ²²⁵Ac-EDTMP was produced with more than 95% radiochemical yield and 99% radiochemical purity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A detailed chemistry study was presented for the synthesis of ²²⁵Actinium derivatives in mild conditions with absolute radiochemical purities and high yields. The experimental results showed that ²²⁵Ac-EDTMP could be a suitable radiopharmaceutical alternative for bone metastases arising from primer tumors as a cocktail therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"15 1","pages":"76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39031353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}