Current radiopharmaceuticals最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Mitigation Effect of Spirulina Against Lung Injury Induced by Radiation in Rats.","authors":"Mohammad Hootan Ahmadvand,&nbsp;Safoora Nikzad,&nbsp;Vahid Changizi,&nbsp;Abdolazim Sedighi Pashaki,&nbsp;Masoud Najafi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mirzaei","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220418133919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220418133919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some compounds have been investigated to mitigate the effect of radiation on the lung, such as pneumonitis and fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the mitigation efficiency of Spirulina compared to the effect of Metformin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>25 male Wistar rats were allotted in five groups: control, Spirulina, Radiation, Radiation plus Spirulina, and Radiation plus Metformin. Rat chest regions were irradiated by 15 Gray (Gy) xradiation using aLINAC. Forty-eight hours after irradiation, treatment with Spirulina and Metformin began. Eighty days after irradiation, all rats were sacrificed, and their lung tissues were removed for histopathological, and biochemical assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that irradiation increased MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels while suppressing the SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GPx(glutathione peroxidase) activity in the irradiated group. MDA levels in lung tissues were reduced with Metformin but not with Spirulina. Both Metformin and Spirulina increased the SOD and GPx activity in lung tissue. Moreover, histopathological evaluations showed extensive changes in the lung tissue including infiltration of lymph cells around the bronchioles and blood vessels, thickening of the alveolar wall, and the disruption of the alveolar structure, as well as accumulation of collagen fibers. Administration of Spirulina and Metformin significantly reduced pathological changes in lung tissue, although the effect of Metformin was greater than that of Spirulina.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spirulina could mitigate radiation-induced lung injury moderately, although Metformin is more effective than Spirulina as a mitigator agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"16 1","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of SUV with Changing the Dose Amount in F18-FDG PET/CT of Pediatric Lymphoma Patients.","authors":"Nedim Cüneyt Murat Gülaldi,&nbsp;Berkay Cagdas,&nbsp;Fatma Arzu Görtan","doi":"10.2174/1874471016666221118114726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471016666221118114726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>We aim to reveal an effect of residual activity leftover within the medical materials other than the empty syringe used for injection of the tracer on SUV measurements and consequently effect on possible treatment response assessment.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Staging and follow-up of pediatric lymphoma patients mainly achieved by the help of PET/CT scans. It is crucial to make an optimal imaging technique for interpreting individual images and assessing treatment response.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Standardized uptake value measurement is an important quantification parameter in PET/CT scanning of childhood lymphomas. Low dose of activity used in pediatric oncology patients makes them vulnerable to small changes of input values for subsequent metabolic parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-eight pediatric lymphoma patients below 50 kg were included into the study. SUVmax, SUVpeak values of the most metabolically active lesions, along with liver and mediastinum, were recorded. Metabolic parameters of the lesions/lymph nodes, mediastinum and liver parenchyma were compared before and after counts from medical materials other than empty syringe were taken into account. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for non-parametric paired sampled tests for the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant differences between the whole 6 above-mentioned groups confirming the importance of residual counts on metabolic parameters (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated residual radioactivity in medical materials such as serum line tubes, i.v. catheters, three-way stopcock and also butterfly needles used during intravenous injection should also be included for optimum quantitative metabolic parameter values and to minimize its the adverse effect on treatment response evaluation, especially in borderline lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"16 2","pages":"151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9920224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Review of Radioactive Materials for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Purposes.","authors":"Manisha Bharti,&nbsp;Md Aftab Alam,&nbsp;G S N Koteshewr Rao,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.2174/1874471016666221028110222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471016666221028110222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation treatment has been advancing ever since the discovery of X-rays in 1895. The goal of radiotherapy is to shape the best isodose on the tumor volume while preserving normal tissues. There are three advantages: patient cure, organ preservation, and cost-effectiveness. Randomized trials in many various forms of cancer (including breast, prostate, and rectum) with a high degree of scientific proof confirmed radiotherapy's effectiveness and tolerance. Such accomplishments, critical to patients' quality of life, have been supported in the past. Radiopharmaceuticals were developed to diagnose and treat various disorders, including hyperthyroidism, bone discomfort, cancer of the thyroid gland, and other conditions like metastases, renal failure, and myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction perfusion. It is also possible to sterilize thermo-labile materials with a radioactive substance. This includes surgical dressings and a wide range of other medical supplies. Nuclear medicine provides various advantages, including tumor localization, safe diagnosis, no radiation buildup, and excellent treatment effectiveness. Nowadays, the field of nuclear pharmacy is focused on developing novel radioactive pharmaceutical substances that will be useful.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"16 1","pages":"23-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9134196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Novel Cationic Photosensitizers Derived from Chlorin for Application in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer.","authors":"Faride Ranjbari,&nbsp;Mohammad R Rashidi,&nbsp;Salar Hemmati,&nbsp;Ebrahim Safari,&nbsp;Habib Tajalli","doi":"10.2174/1874471016666230526153806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471016666230526153806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chlorins (dihydroporphyrins) are tetrapyrrole-based compounds that are more effective in photodynamic therapy than porphyrins. The instability of the compounds and their oxidation to porphyrin limits the use of these compounds. However, the design and synthesis of new stable chlorin-based cationic photosensitizers with the potential for use in cancer photodynamic therapy can be interesting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this research, new tetracationic meso substituted chlorins were designed, synthesized, and characterized. After determining the chemical structure and spectroscopic properties of five new photosensitizers, their phototoxicity on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) was investigated under optimized conditions in terms of factors such as photosensitizer concentrations and light intensity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of cytotoxicity assayed by the MTT method showed that the synthesized compounds, even up to the concentration of 50 μM had very low toxicity in the absence of light, which indicates their safety under dark conditions. Compounds A1 and A3 with the best physicochemical properties such as solubility, high absorption intensity in the effective range of photodynamic therapy, and the high quantum yield of singlet oxygen, had a good toxic effect (IC₅₀ = 0.5 μM) on the cancer cells (MCF-7) in the presence of laser light.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the obtained results, compounds A1 and A3 have the potential to continue research on PDT for confirmation and use in treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"16 4","pages":"315-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10132994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological Evaluation of Nanocurcumin for Mitigation of Radiation- Induced Small Intestine Injury.","authors":"Alireza Ghanbar Z,&nbsp;Bagher Farhood,&nbsp;Farshid Alazmani Noodeh,&nbsp;Reza Mosaed,&nbsp;Gholamreza Hassanzadeh,&nbsp;Hamed Bagheri,&nbsp;Masoud Najafi","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220901142858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220901142858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>In the current study, we aimed to mitigate radiation-induced small intestinal toxicity using post-irradiation treatment with nano-micelle curcumin.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Small intestine is one of the most radiosensitive organs within the body. Wholebody exposure to an acute dose of ionizing radiation may lead to severe injuries to this tissue and may even cause death after some weeks.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate histopathological changes in the small intestine following whole-body irradiation and treatment with nanocurcumin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty male Nordic Medical Research Institute mice were grouped into control, treatment with 100 mg/kg nano-micelle curcumin, whole-body irradiation with cobalt-60 gamma-rays (dose rate of 60 cGy/min and a single dose of 7 Gy), and treatment with 100 mg/kg nano-micelle curcumin 1 day after whole-body irradiation for 4 weeks. Afterward, all mice were sacrificed for histopathological evaluation of their small intestinal tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Irradiation led to severe damage to villi, crypts, glands as well as vessels, leading to bleeding. Administration of nano-micelle curcumin after whole-body irradiation showed a statistically significant improvement in radiation toxicity of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (including a reduction in infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells, villi length shortening, goblet cells injury, Lieberkühn glands injury and bleeding). Although treatment with nano-micelle curcumin showed increased bleeding in the ileum for non-irradiated mice, its administration after irradiation was able to reduce radiation-induced bleeding in the ileum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with nano-micelle curcumin may be useful for mitigation of radiationinduced gastrointestinal system toxicity via suppression of inflammatory cells' infiltration and protection against villi and crypt shortening.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"16 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9431594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current State of ⁴⁴Ti/⁴⁴Sc Radionuclide Generator Systems and Separation Chemistry.","authors":"Christine E Schmidt, Leah Gajecki, Melissa A Deri, Vanessa A Sanders","doi":"10.2174/1874471016666221111154424","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874471016666221111154424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, there has been an increased interest in ⁴⁴Ti/⁴⁴Sc generators as an onsite source of ⁴⁴Sc for medical applications without needing a proximal cyclotron. The relatively short half-life (3.97 hours) and high positron branching ratio (94.3%) of ⁴⁴Sc make it a viable candidate for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. This review discusses current ⁴⁴Ti/⁴⁴Sc generator designs, focusing on their chemistry, drawbacks, post-elution processing, and relevant preclinical studies of the ⁴⁴Sc for potential PET radiopharmaceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":"16 2","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10375575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10266873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meet the Editorial Board Member","authors":"K. Kairemo","doi":"10.2174/187447101503220622142219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187447101503220622142219","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48031706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully Automated Methods for [18F]FDG and [18F]-NaF Productions Using Explora FDG4: Validation and Reliability of Multi-Subsequent Preparations for Clinical Applications.","authors":"E. Awad, H. Ali, James Lamb, E. Al‐Momani","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220518115244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220518115244","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The worldwide usage of [18F]-sodium fluoride in clinical applications increase the interest of the facility of its production. The development of a new automated method for multi-preparations of [18F]-NaF and [18F]FDG on an Explora FDG4 module is described. Explora FDG4 is one of the most widely used synthesizers for FDG production in daily routine use and specifically designed to run up to four different productions with single module. Therefore, slight modifications were carried out in order to increase the potential of the synthesizer to perform more radiopharmaceuticals. METHODS A fully automated method for multi-preparations of [18F]-NaF and [18F]FDG using Explora FDG4 was performed. Slight modifications of the Explora's hardware and software configuration were applied. A new elution vial for NaF preparation was installed and connected to the free position to MVP1. Quality control was carried-out using the standard analytical methods that applied for GMP production. RESULTS This modification successfully provides preparation of [18F]-NaF without affecting the daily FDG production using one set preparation. [18F]-NaF was obtained in a high radiochemical yield (>90%, n=100) in 10 min total preparation time. The quality control results for both obtained products FDG (RCP >95%) and NaF (RCP >98%)showed that the radiopharmaceuticals were in compliance with USP and Ph.Eur. specifications and compatible with clinical applications. CONCLUSION A rapid and simple method for multi preparations of [18F]-NaF and [18F]FDG using single Explora module was designed. Yet, the chemistry module has the potential to generate more radiopharmaceuticals to decrease the cost of preparation of [18F]-NaF comparing with the cassette-based synthesizers, reducing radiation exposure resulted by manual preparations and increase the reproducibility of [18F]-NaF preparation.","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46334444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of knowledge and level of radiation safety awareness among Radiographers working in Nuclear Medicine.","authors":"Mpumelelo Nyathi","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220425121713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220425121713","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Radiopharmaceuticals are used for diagnosis, treatment, staging and follow up of various diseases. However, there is concern that the ionizing radiation (gamma rays, α and ß particles) may result in the exposure of radiographers with limited knowledge of the principles of radiation protection and safety, raising the risk of cancer induction.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000To investigate the knowledge and level of radiation safety awareness among radiographers at a tertiary hospital.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000It is an analytical cross-sectional study. A validated two-part questionnaire was implemented to consenting radiographers in a Nuclear Medicine Department. Part 1 gathered demographic information (age, gender, work experience, attendance to/or passing ionizing radiation protection courses). Part 2 covered questions related to knowledge and level of awareness of radiation protection principles.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Five radiographers voluntary participated (2/5 were males while 3/5 were females). Three age groups were distinguishable, 21-30, 41-50 and 51-60 years. In the age group of 21-30 years, there was one male with just over 4 years of experience while in the age group 41-50, there were three females with less than three years of experience and in the age group 51-60, there was one male radiographer with over 20 years of experience. All the radiographers showed a high level of awareness and knowledge of radiation safety principles.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Education coupled with training in radiation protection is an essential tool for instilling radiation awareness among radiographers. However, education alone is not enough, further skills in preparation and administration of radiopharmaceuticals will reduce exposures.","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43700386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of radiation exposure dose for nuclear medicine workers from 18F-FDG, 99mTc MDP and 99mTc.","authors":"Abdulrahman M Al-Esaei, Emran Eisa Saleh, R. M. E. Shazly, S. Elmaghraby, M. Khalil, A. Kany","doi":"10.2174/1874471015666220413114927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471015666220413114927","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Nuclear medicine or diagnostic radiology personnel are always exposed to low-level radiation from radionuclides used in medical diagnostics, which lead to potential biological hazards or effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000External exposure for workers in two nuclear medicine centers was measured by recruiting 120 patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Three nuclear medicine examinations were performed using F18-FDG PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP bones scan, and 99mTc thyroid scan by a digital radiation dosimeter.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The average received accumulative radiation dose for workers was found to be 0.838±0.17, 0.527±0.11 and 0.270±0.05 μSv for F18-FDG PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP bones scan, and 99mTc thyroid scan, respectively. The annual effective dose for workers was estimated to be 2.09±0.42, 1.34±0.27 and 0.68±0.14 mSv, respectively. Moreover, the average patient-to-staff dose coefficients were found to be 0.024±0.005, 0.003±0.001, and 0.007±0.002 μSv m2/MBq h for F18-FDG PET/CT, 99mTc-MDP bones scan, and 99mTc thyroid scan, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000It is clear from the results that the radiation doses received by workers during the nuclear medicine imaging examinations were less than the doses recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for such examinations.","PeriodicalId":10991,"journal":{"name":"Current radiopharmaceuticals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41994637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}