Current topics in cellular regulation最新文献_第2页

Cellular thiols and redox-regulated signal transduction. 细胞硫醇和氧化还原调节的信号转导。

Current topics in cellular regulation Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2137(01)80001-7

C K Sen

{"title":"Cellular thiols and redox-regulated signal transduction.","authors":"C K Sen","doi":"10.1016/s0070-2137(01)80001-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0070-2137(01)80001-7","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to the conventional notion that reactive oxygen is mostly a trigger for oxidative damage of biological structures, now we know that low physiologically relevant concentrations of ROS can regulate a variety of key molecular mechanisms that may be linked with important cell functions (Fig. 4). Redox-based regulation of gene expression has emerged as a fundamental regulatory mechanism in cell biology. Several proteins, with apparent redox-sensing activity, have been described. Electron flow through side-chain functional CH2-SH groups of conserved cysteinyl residues in these proteins account for the redox-sensing properties. Protein thiol groups with high thiol-disulfide oxidation potentials are likely to be redox-sensitive. The ubiquitous endogenous thiols thioredoxin and glutathione are of central importance in redox signaling. Signals are transduced from the cell surface to the nucleus through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation chain reactions of cellular proteins at tyrosine and serine/threonine. Protein phosphorylation, one of the most fundamental mediators of cell signaling, is redox-sensitive. DNA-binding proteins are involved in the regulation of cellular processes such as replication, recombination, viral integration and transcription. Several studies show that the interaction of certain transcription regulatory proteins with their respective cognate DNA sites is also redox-regulated. Changes in the concentration of Ca2+i control a wide variety of cellular functions, including transcription and gene expression; Ca(2+)-driven protein phosphorylation and proteolytic processing of proteins are two major intracellular events that are implicated in signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Intracellular calcium homeostasis is regulated by the redox state of cellular thiols, and it is evident that cell calcium may play a critical role in the activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappa B. Among the several thiol agents tested for their efficacy in modulating cellular redox status, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and alpha-lipoic acid hold most promise for human use. A strong therapeutic potential of strategies that would modulate the cellular thioredoxin system has been also evident.","PeriodicalId":10933,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in cellular regulation","volume":"36 ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0070-2137(01)80001-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21686611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 337

Integration of antagonistic signals in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation in Escherichia coli. 拮抗信号在大肠杆菌氮同化调控中的整合。

Current topics in cellular regulation Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2137(01)80002-9

A J Ninfa, P Jiang, M R Atkinson, J A Peliska

引用次数: 104

Regulation of nuclear import and export. 核进出口管制。

Current topics in cellular regulation Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2137(01)80003-0

T D Sweitzer, D C Love, J A Hanover

引用次数: 20

Structure, mechanism, and specificity of protein-tyrosine phosphatases. 蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶的结构、机制和特异性。

Current topics in cellular regulation Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80002-7

Z Y Zhang

引用次数: 56

Aging and regulation of apoptosis. 衰老与细胞凋亡调控。

Current topics in cellular regulation Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80004-0

H R Warner

{"title":"Aging and regulation of apoptosis.","authors":"H R Warner","doi":"10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80004-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80004-0","url":null,"abstract":"When Lockshin and Zakeri discussed the relevance of apoptosis to aging, the common view was that apoptosis had primarily a negative impact on aging by destroying essential and often irreplaceable cells. That view has now changed to one that acknowledges that there are two general ways in which apoptosis can play a role in aging: (1) elimination of damaged and presumably dysfunctional cells (e.g., fibroblasts, hepatocytes) which can then be replaced by cell proliferation, thereby maintaining homeostasis and elimination of essential postmitotic cells (e.g., neurons) which cannot be replaced, thereby leading to pathology. Evidence exists in two systems (fibroblasts and thymocytes/lymphocytes) that there are age-related decreases in the potential for apoptosis, although the molecular bases for these decreases appear to differ (Table II). Fibroblasts (and neurons?) lose the ability to downregulate bcl-2 in response to an apoptotic signal; thus, apoptosis is blocked even though an initiating signal has been received. In contrast, thymocytes/lymphocytes lack the ability to initiate the signal due to downregulation of the cell surface receptor Fas. There is limited information available for other tissue types, and nothing is known about why and how these age-related changes occur. An interesting observation, but not necessarily a critical one, is that the frequency of upregulation of the bcl-2 gene due to chromosome translocation increases with age. The role of apoptosis in regulating cell number is also a promising area of research. The studies on liver damage and neoplastic lesions suggest an extremely important role for apoptosis in controlling cancer. This may be particularly important in the prostate, where hypertrophy and cancer are a virtual certainty with ever-increasing age. It is not known whether the ability to undergo apoptosis declines in the prostate with increasing age, but it appears likely that it does. One problem in answering questions about the actual regulation of apoptosis is the lack of a quantitative assay. Apoptosis appears to be either \"on\" or \"off\" in cells, while the basic cell-killing machinery may often be present, but in an inactive form. Most assays for apoptosis are microscopic rather than kinetic, and the rate-limiting step may be at the level of the initiating signal. Thus, if CR, which extends the life span of rodents, does upregulate apoptosis, it is not clear how to quantify the magnitude of this effect or what should be quantified. The best one can do is to measure the frequency of occurrence of apoptotic bodies. This is essentially a pool size assay which provides little knowledge about how rapidly cells are leaving and entering the pool. Nevertheless, the results currently available do suggest that apoptosis is a process which may be important in aging, at least in some tissues, and the mechanism of its regulation needs to be understood. Although a variety of tumor suppressor gene and oncogene products are k","PeriodicalId":10933,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in cellular regulation","volume":"35 ","pages":"107-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80004-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20136845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 81

Regulation of NF-kappa B and disease control: identification of a novel serine kinase and thioredoxin as effectors for signal transduction pathway for NF-kappa B activation. NF-kappa B的调控和疾病控制:鉴定一种新的丝氨酸激酶和硫氧还蛋白作为NF-kappa B激活信号转导途径的效应器。

Current topics in cellular regulation Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80006-4

T Okamoto, S Sakurada, J P Yang, J P Merin

{"title":"Regulation of NF-kappa B and disease control: identification of a novel serine kinase and thioredoxin as effectors for signal transduction pathway for NF-kappa B activation.","authors":"T Okamoto, S Sakurada, J P Yang, J P Merin","doi":"10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80006-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80006-4","url":null,"abstract":"We have identified novel signal transduction cascades in activating NF-kappa B, as well as its pathogenetic roles in various disease processes. By applying the basic knowledge obtained through these studies, we hope to find new therapeutic measures against currently incurable diseases such as hematogenic cancer cell metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and AIDS. We also propose a novel strategy in screening effective inhibitors against transcription factors. Elucidation of the cis-regulatory element for expression of pathogenetic genes and identification of the responsible transcription factor will not only facilitate the study of pathogenesis but will also promote the development of effective therapy. Recognition of control mechanisms of the NF-kappa B activation pathway has explained the therapeutic efficacy of various compounds with different pharmacologic actions. A similar strategy may be applicable for other inducible transcription factors. From the medical point of view, one of the purposes of these approaches is to find small molecular weight compounds that can be administered orally and that are effective in controlling gene expression of pathogenetic genes.","PeriodicalId":10933,"journal":{"name":"Current topics in cellular regulation","volume":"35 ","pages":"149-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80006-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20136847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 75

Regulation of Fas-mediated apoptosis. fas介导的细胞凋亡调控。

Current topics in cellular regulation Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80003-9

R A Gottlieb, B M Babior

引用次数: 8

Gene regulation by reactive oxygen species. 活性氧的基因调控。

Current topics in cellular regulation Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80005-2

F Cimino, F Esposito, R Ammendola, T Russo

引用次数: 105

Regulation of iron metabolism in eukaryotes. 真核生物铁代谢的调控。

Current topics in cellular regulation Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80001-5

T Rouault, R Klausner

引用次数: 249

Mechanism and regulation of bone resorption by osteoclasts. 破骨细胞骨吸收的机制与调控。

Current topics in cellular regulation Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2137(97)80008-8

N Katunuma

引用次数: 10