Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth最新文献_第2页

Appropriability Strategies to Capture Value from Innovation 从创新中获取价值的适宜性策略

Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth Pub Date : 2016-08-02 DOI: 10.1108/S1048-473620160000026001

M. Ceccagnoli, F. Rothaermel

引用次数: 12

Marketing Strategies for Commercialization of New Technologies 新技术商业化的营销策略

Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth Pub Date : 2016-08-02 DOI: 10.1108/S1048-473620160000026009

L. Vincent

引用次数: 2

Valuing Early Stage Technology Firms 评估早期科技公司

Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth Pub Date : 2016-08-02 DOI: 10.1108/S1048-473620160000026011

M. Blake

{"title":"Valuing Early Stage Technology Firms","authors":"M. Blake","doi":"10.1108/S1048-473620160000026011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S1048-473620160000026011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the general process of determining the value of a particular company, with additional detail on how valuation processes might be adapted to produce credible value conclusions of emerging technology ventures. There are three primary approaches to business valuation. There is the income approach, which indicates that value is a product of expected future cash flows – cash flows that are discounted to equate them to dollars in-hand (present value). There is the market approach, which attempts to draw conclusions of value based on the market prices of similar companies in the public and/or private markets. Finally, there is the asset approach, which indicates that the value of a company is equal to the sum of the values of its net assets. Specific adjustments are appropriate with respect to each of these approaches where the value of an emerging technology company is concerned. Professional valuation standards require that all of these approaches be considered in the valuation, even if the available information does not permit their credible application. Often, multiple approaches and techniques can be applied. The results of applying multiple techniques often do not overlap, and it is the analyst’s very important task to reconcile differing valuation results, or to decide which result or results should be discarded.","PeriodicalId":108758,"journal":{"name":"Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131966544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Competitive Advantage in Technology Intensive Industries 技术密集型产业的竞争优势

Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth Pub Date : 2016-08-02 DOI: 10.1108/S1048-473620160000026008

F. Rothaermel

{"title":"Competitive Advantage in Technology Intensive Industries","authors":"F. Rothaermel","doi":"10.1108/S1048-473620160000026008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S1048-473620160000026008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the reader to the meaning of competitive advantage and posits that a firm’s strategy is defined as the managers’ theory about how to gain and sustain competitive advantage. The author demonstrates how a firm creates its competitive advantage by creating more economic value than its rivals, and explains that profitability depends upon value, price, and costs. The relationship among these factors is explored in the context of high-technology consumer goods – laptop computers and cars. Next, the chapter explains the SWOT [s(trengths) w(eaknesses) o(pportunities) t(hreats)] analysis. Examining the interplay of firm resources, capabilities, and competencies, the chapter emphasizes that both must be present to possess core competencies essential to gaining and sustaining competitive advantage through strategy. Next, the chapter describes the value chain by which a firm transforms inputs into outputs, adding value at each stage through the primary activities of research, development, production, marketing and sales, and customer service, which in turn rely upon essential support activities that add value indirectly. After describing the PEST [p(olitical) e(conomic) s(ocial) t(echnological)] Model for assessing a firm’s general external environment, the chapter explains Porter’s Five Forces Model. The chapter then describes the strategic group model and illustrates that model by reference to the pharmaceutical industry. The author notes that opportunities and threats to a company differ based upon the strategic group to which that firm belongs within an industry. Finally, the chapter explores the importance of strategy in technology-intensive industries and emphasizes that sustained competitive advantage can be accomplished only through continued innovation.","PeriodicalId":108758,"journal":{"name":"Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116728061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 57

The America Invents Act: A New Patent System for the 21st Century 美国发明法案:21世纪的新专利制度

Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth Pub Date : 2016-08-02 DOI: 10.1108/S1048-473620160000026005

T. Holbrook

引用次数: 1

Introduction to Legal Means for Protecting Intellectual Property 知识产权保护法律手段概论

Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth Pub Date : 2016-08-02 DOI: 10.1108/S1048-473620160000026004

Anne M. Rector, B. Sandefur, M. Ceccagnoli, Meadow Clendenin, Louise Hallenborg

引用次数: 1

Identifying and Evaluating Market Opportunities 识别和评估市场机会

Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth Pub Date : 2016-08-02 DOI: 10.1108/S1048-473620160000026002

Marie C. Thursby, Margi Berbari

{"title":"Identifying and Evaluating Market Opportunities","authors":"Marie C. Thursby, Margi Berbari","doi":"10.1108/S1048-473620160000026002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S1048-473620160000026002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000This chapter is designed for use by commercialization teams evaluating the commercial relevance of a new invention. To be relevant commercially, an invention must create value in one or more markets, which involves solving a problem or satisfying customer needs currently unmet. Unmet needs create market opportunities, and the goal is to identify and evaluate the profitability of these opportunities. The chapter provides an overview of concepts and techniques commonly used in the process. Important distinctions between market and industry concepts are introduced along with common rubrics for categorizing inventions in terms of their technological and market implications. These concepts are then used to discuss the roles of prior experience, lead users, and brainstorming in identifying market opportunities for various types of inventions. Techniques covered include market analysis, Porter’s five forces of industry profitability, analysis of political, economic, social, and technical environments (PEST), and the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). The use of these techniques is illustrated for two startup commercialization teams.","PeriodicalId":108758,"journal":{"name":"Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115332635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

FDA Regulatory Approval Process for Medical Products FDA医疗产品监管批准程序

Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth Pub Date : 2016-08-02 DOI: 10.1108/S1048-473620160000026007

W. Kitchens

{"title":"FDA Regulatory Approval Process for Medical Products","authors":"W. Kitchens","doi":"10.1108/S1048-473620160000026007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S1048-473620160000026007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000This chapter focuses on the regulatory scheme used by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to approve medical products for commercial use in this country. After providing a brief introduction of the role of the FDA and the scope of the products regulated by the agency, the chapter outlines the common characteristics of premarket controls for drugs, medical devices, and biological products, including how clinical trials of these medical products are conducted with humans as part of the premarket approval process. The chapter then provides a detailed examination of the particular regulatory scheme for each product category. The chapter concludes with an analysis of how FDA regulates emerging medical technologies, such as cellular and tissue-engineered products. FDA regulates a variety of products intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent diseases or conditions under a legal scheme established in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Public Health Service Act and regulations promulgated by FDA. How a product is classified (drug, device, or biologic) forecasts the regulatory approval pathway that must be followed to bring the product to market. This chapter provides education and direction regarding regulatory requirements that must be met to market medical products in the United States.","PeriodicalId":108758,"journal":{"name":"Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115034782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Ethics of Guerilla Behavior in Early Stage Firms 早期公司游击式行为的伦理学

Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth Pub Date : 2015-08-08 DOI: 10.1108/S1048-473620150000025004

Y. Jang, Michael H. Morris

{"title":"The Ethics of Guerilla Behavior in Early Stage Firms","authors":"Y. Jang, Michael H. Morris","doi":"10.1108/S1048-473620150000025004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S1048-473620150000025004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The need for entrepreneurs to engage in guerrilla behavior is heavily emphasized by entrepreneurship educators and practitioners. Yet such behavior often has serious ethical implications. The purpose of this study is to establish an assessment framework that provides ethical guidance to entrepreneurs engaged in guerrilla behaviors. A theoretical foundation for assessing the ethics of guerrilla behavior is established. The entrepreneurial context and how it gives rise to the need for guerrilla actions are examined. The guerilla concept is explored and criteria are outlined for labeling a given action or approach as being guerrilla in nature. Different forms or types of guerrilla approaches are introduced. Five primary ethical dimensions to be considered in evaluating a given guerrilla approach are identified. Examples are provided of how these dimensions can be applied to assess the ethics of three different successful guerrilla campaigns. An integrated matrix is introduced for use in evaluating guerrilla campaigns that consider our ethical dimensions together with leading theoretical perspectives on ethical action. Based on how a given guerrilla approach is scored when using the assessment matrix, conclusions are drawn for its appropriateness. By using a mix of the deontological, utilitarian and virtue-based frameworks, it becomes possible to determine the relative ethics of any given guerrilla action once implemented, and actions can be taken to either modify or abandon the action. Further, the concepts developed in this paper can be useful in ensuring new guerrilla actions are more ethical when they are first conceptualized or designed. Four design elements can be systematically applied to decisions that unfold as the guerrilla action is being formulated: resources and providers, disclosure, stakeholder effects, and inferences/conclusions. A number of suggestions for ongoing research are provided based on the work presented here.","PeriodicalId":108758,"journal":{"name":"Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134269519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Questioning the Ethics of University Entrepreneurship Curriculum 对大学创业课程伦理的质疑

Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth Pub Date : 2015-08-08 DOI: 10.1108/S1048-473620150000025005

Allan O’Connor

{"title":"Questioning the Ethics of University Entrepreneurship Curriculum","authors":"Allan O’Connor","doi":"10.1108/S1048-473620150000025005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S1048-473620150000025005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000The task of this paper is to critique the ethics of an university entrepreneurship curriculum. For what purpose is entrepreneurship curriculum designed? Who decides what is to be included in an entrepreneurship curriculum? Ethics has a plurality and implies moral judgment informed by any individual’s values. In applying entrepreneurship education the rationale and justification of what is offered and why should be clear. The paper provides a synthesis conducted on an extant literature review on the ethics of an entrepreneurship curriculum, entrepreneurship education stakeholders, and stakeholder rights and obligations. An ethics enquiry framework is concluded that entrepreneurship education curriculum designers can apply to surface the assumptions underpinning the curriculum and assist educators to be clear and explicit about the intent and ambitions for an entrepreneurship education curriculum design. While this paper develops a framework, it has yet to be tested. Further research can examine specific sets of stakeholder expectations, variations in obligations among regulatory or institutional settings, explicitly examine the range of effects of an entrepreneurship curriculum, and report the usability and practical relevance of such an evaluative framework. Ethics in entrepreneurship education is under-researched and more particularly the ethics of the entrepreneurship curriculum appears to have rarely been questioned. Entrepreneurship education lays the foundation for the future actions of those who shape and socially structure entrepreneurship. Therefore, as educators, there is a greater responsibility for ensuring that the education provided meets certain expectations of and obligations to various stakeholder groups.","PeriodicalId":108758,"journal":{"name":"Advances in The Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation, & Economic Growth","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128435369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2