J. D. Praeter, A. J. Díaz-Honrubia, Niels Van Kets, G. Wallendael, J. D. Cock, P. Lambert, R. Walle
{"title":"Fast simultaneous video encoder for adaptive streaming","authors":"J. D. Praeter, A. J. Díaz-Honrubia, Niels Van Kets, G. Wallendael, J. D. Cock, P. Lambert, R. Walle","doi":"10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340802","url":null,"abstract":"Content providers create different versions of a video to accommodate different end-user devices and network conditions. However, each of these versions requires a resource intensive encoding process. To reduce the computational complexity of the encodings, this paper proposes a fast simultaneous encoder. This encoder takes a single video as input and creates a number of bit streams encoded with different parameters. Only one version of the video is created with a full encode, whereas encoding of the other versions is accelerated by exploiting the correlation with the fully encoded version using machine learning techniques. In a practical scenario, the fast simultaneous encoder achieves a complexity reduction of 67.3% with a bit rate increase of 5.2% compared to performing a full encode of each version.","PeriodicalId":108577,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127633264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Sun, Y. Duan, Qi Zhang, Jiasi Shen, Zongming Guo
{"title":"Towards Rate-Distortion analysis of general source distributions: Property and principles","authors":"Jun Sun, Y. Duan, Qi Zhang, Jiasi Shen, Zongming Guo","doi":"10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340873","url":null,"abstract":"This paper decouples the complex Rate-Distortion (R-D) analysis problem by inspecting the respective influence of source distribution and quantizer design on R-D performance. First, a universal R-D property is theoretically revealed that, for any source distribution can be expressed as the product of a Scaling Factor (SF) and its remaining part, SF does not affect its derivative R-D function. Second, efficient quantizer design principles are deduced for different source distributions, which can be used as convenient R-D performance classifier and indicator when the dead-zone plus uniform threshold scalar quantizer with nearly-uniform reconstruction quantizer (DZ+UTSQ/NURQ) is applied. These two contributions bring new insight and inspiration towards the R-D analysis of various different sources, being solid infrastructure to benefit various video/image applications.","PeriodicalId":108577,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134234440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Zheng, Chao Liang, Wenhua Fang, D. Xiang, Xin Zhao, Chengping Ren, Jun Chen
{"title":"Car re-identification from large scale images using semantic attributes","authors":"Q. Zheng, Chao Liang, Wenhua Fang, D. Xiang, Xin Zhao, Chengping Ren, Jun Chen","doi":"10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340861","url":null,"abstract":"Car re-identification, searching a specific car object from a large-scale car image database, is investigated in this paper. Previous work mainly focuses on fixed pose and overlooks the special appearance. However, avoiding matching other poses would lead to coarse results of the car retrieval. And some special attributes like individual paintings which are greatly helpful for car retrieval have not drawn enough attention. This paper addresses these problems through multi-poses matching and re-ranking based on special attributes. Our core idea lies in query expansion method that can capture weighted attributes to build the retrieval model, which allows us to estimate invisible attributes by the visible ones to construct complete attributes vectors to car retrieval in any poses. Furthermore, we divide all attributes into two groups, special attributes and common attributes. Here special attributes represent the abnormal appearance like individual paintings or car damage while common attributes denote the intrinsic appearance of car. Using special attributes to re-rank results turns out to be beneficial to improve the retrieval performance. In the end, the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on the car datasets.","PeriodicalId":108577,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133496871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An image deblocking method based on pre-classified sparse representation","authors":"Han Zhao, Xiaoguang Li, Li Liu, L. Zhuo","doi":"10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340823","url":null,"abstract":"Block-based Discrete Cosine Transform (BDCT) image compression method inevitably produces annoying blocking artifacts in the case of low-bit-rate compression, as each block is transformed and quantized independently. Blocking artifacts not only seriously affect the subjective image quality, but also affect the performance of automatic analysis. In this paper, we propose a pre-classified sparse representation based deblocking method. We combine the human visual sensitivity based classification and the sparse representation method together. For different contents, the reconstruction threshold can been adaptively adjusted. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the deblocking quality of the compressed images effectively.","PeriodicalId":108577,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115382896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantized dictionary for sparse representation","authors":"Lei Liu, Jie Liang, Yao Zhao, Chunyu Lin, H. Bai","doi":"10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340845","url":null,"abstract":"Dictionary learning for sparse representation has drawn considerable attention in recent years. In particular, the K-SVD algorithm is an efficient approach, and various modifications of the K-SVD have been developed for applications such as face recognition. However, the efficient storage of the dictionary has not been studied. Currently, the dictionary is simply normalized and saved as floating-point numbers, which could be quite large and lead to excessive cost and delay if the dictionary needs to be transmitted, e.g., to mobile users. In this paper, we develop a quantized K-SVD (Q-KSVD) to reduce the storage of the dictionary. We compress each basis image in the dictionary by the conventional image coding method. Moreover, we integrate the image compression step into various modified K-SVD optimization schemes, and develop an algorithm to find the optimal dictionary when there is a constraint on the total bits of the compressed dictionary. Our algorithm selects dictionary bases by ranking the contribution-rate slopes of all bases. This method also serves as an efficient approach to find the optimal number of bases of the dictionary at each rate constraint. Face recognition experiments using four K-SVD-based methods show that our method can achieve different tradeoffs between the dictionary storage space and the recognition accuracy. It can achieve comparable performance with as little as 3% of the original storage space. It can even yield higher accuracy than the uncompressed dictionary in some cases.","PeriodicalId":108577,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","volume":"10 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113963919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patch-based nonlocal dynamic MRI reconstruction with low-rank prior","authors":"Liyan Sun, Jinchu Chen, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Xinghao Ding","doi":"10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340840","url":null,"abstract":"Compressed sensing utilizes the sparsity of Magnetic resonance (MR) images to obtain accurate reconstructions from undersampled k-space data. In this paper, a novel nonlocal dynamic MRI reconstruction method with low-rank regularization is developed to exploit the spatiotemporal structural sparsity of a MRI sequence. The nonlocal prior and low rank prior are combined organically by grouping similar patches in both spatial and temporal domain. The low-rank regularization can be approximated by nuclear norm minimization solved by a singular value thresholding (SVT) method with adaptive thresholds estimation. The objective function is divided into several sub-problems that are easier to solve by alternative direction multiplier method (ADMM). Extensive experiments show that the new method outperforms commonly used classical dynamic MRI reconstruction algorithms.","PeriodicalId":108577,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125956273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linsen Wang, Jiangtao Peng, Fangzhao Wang, Baoshen Li
{"title":"Linear discriminant analysis using sparse matrix transform for face recognition","authors":"Linsen Wang, Jiangtao Peng, Fangzhao Wang, Baoshen Li","doi":"10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340852","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a sparse matrix transform (SMT) based linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithm for high dimensional data. The within-class scatter matrix in LDA is constrained to have an eigen-decomposition that can be represented as an SMT. Then, under maximum likelihood framework, based on greedy minimization strategy, the within-class scatter matrix can be efficiently estimated. Moreover, the estimated within-class scatter matrix is always positive definite and well-conditioned even with limited sample size, which overcomes the singularity problem in traditional LDA algorithm. The proposed method is compared, in terms of recognition rate, to other commonly used LDA methods on ORL and UMIST face databases. Results indicate that the performance of the proposed method is overall superior to those of traditional LDA approaches, such as the Fisherfaces, D-LDA, S-LDA and newLDA methods.","PeriodicalId":108577,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121489032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hierarchical saliency detection approach for bokeh images","authors":"Zhaohui Che, Guangtao Zhai, Xiongkuo Min","doi":"10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340821","url":null,"abstract":"Bokeh is a popular photograph technique that aesthetically highlights the image subject by properly blurring the background contents. While a large number of bokeh images can be found in our albums, the impacts of bokeh on visual saliency has not been studied yet. Our study shows that traditional saliency models do not perform well on bokeh images in that the foreground/background cannot be efficiently differentiated. Therefore, in this paper we propose a hierarchical saliency model for bokeh images through combining local sharpness measure and foreground saliency detection. More specifically, first we use local sharpness feature as a clue to locate the foreground objects in bokeh image so as to get the first level saliency map. Then we compute the second level saliency map from the blurry background using a robust saliency model. In the third step, we can generate the final saliency map by unequally weighted pooling. In order to evaluate the models' performance quantitatively, we build up a bokeh image saliency database. We test the proposed model against traditional models on the bokeh image database. The results indicate that the proposed model systematically outperforms all traditional saliency models.","PeriodicalId":108577,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130531425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Depth perception of distorted stereoscopic images","authors":"Jiheng Wang, Shiqi Wang, Zhou Wang","doi":"10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340832","url":null,"abstract":"How to measure the perceptual quality of depth information in stereoscopic natural images, especially images undergoing different types of symmetric and asymmetric distortions, is a fundamentally important issue that is not well understood. In this paper, we present two of our recent subjective studies on depth quality. The first one follows the absolute category rating (ACR) protocol that is widely used in general image quality assessment research. We find that traditional approaches such as ACR is problematic in this scenario because monocular cues and the spatial quality of images have strong impacts on the depth quality scores given by subjects, making it difficult to single out the actual contributions of stereoscopic cues in depth perception. To overcome this problem, we carry out the second subjective study where depth effect is synthesized at different depth levels before various types and levels of symmetric and asymmetric distortions are applied. Instead of following the traditional approach, we ask subjects to identify and label depth polarizations, and a Depth Perception Difficulty Index (DPDI) is developed based on the percentage of correct and incorrect subject judgements. We find this approach highly effective at quantifying depth perception induced by stereo cues and observe a number of interesting effects regarding image content dependency, distortion type dependency, and the impacts of symmetric versus asymmetric distortions. We believe that these are useful steps towards building comprehensive 3D quality-of-experience models for stereoscopic images.","PeriodicalId":108577,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133358973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An L1/2-norm based efficient block level rate estimation model for HEVC","authors":"Y. Li, X. Mou, Chao Wang","doi":"10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMSP.2015.7340828","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a block level rate estimation model for HEVC in discrete cosine transformation (DCT) domain, to reduce the computation burden of entropy coding in mode decision. Rather than the widely used ℓ0 and ℓ1-norm, the proposed model is based on the root of ℓ1/2-norm of the quantized DCT coefficients (r-qCoeffs) which presents a higher estimation accuracy. Furthermore, to adapt to the tree partition structured coding units in HEVC, weight matrixes of r-qCoeffs are developed for different sized transform units, where each weight is a precalculated linear function of quantization parameter (QP). Benefit from the proposed model, no parameter updating is required and high accuracy can be achieved. Experimental results show that compared with the HEVC reference software, 10.68% and 5.03% encoding time can be saved in average for intra and inter prediction mode respectively, with little rate-distortion performance loss. Besides, the proposed model that possesses a concise linear form of QP is quite qualified for the rate control mode. Results show that comparable performance to constant QP encoding mode can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":108577,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133530930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}