Journal of Biofuels最新文献

{"title":"Tree-Borne Oilseed (TBOs): Competitive Source for Biodiesel in India","authors":"G. Arora, Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00003.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00003.3","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engine comprising of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from natural oils/vegetable oils/animal fats. Non-edible TBOs (tree-borne oilseed) crops are known to be potential producer of biodiesel and also multipurpose trees in agriculture system. India has a great potential for production of biodiesel from non-edible oil seeds. Among the consortia of species wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca), simrauba (Simarouba glauca) and mahua (Madhuca indica) are the most promising species. This review paper assesses and integrates the biological and chemical attributes of the plant and describes about the different treeborne oilseeds in India, extraction of oil from tree-borne oilseeds, properties, characteristics and composition. These species also provide for production of energy from seed oil on par with petro diesel. With the proper planning it can be commercially exploited and make rapidly growing country self-sufficient in energy. Moreover, other environmental, socio-economic benefit enhances land value and promotes to take it on commercial basis. For generation of model on TBOs integrated research by national institutions, industry and people is required.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127768972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ultrasound and Microwave Irradiation on Release of Glucose from Whole Wheat Flour and Debran Wheat Flour","authors":"A. Sajgure, J. Vaidyanathan, Swastika Pal","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.2.2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.2.2.003","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present work was to add value to two different samples of wheat flour, namely- whole wheat flour and debran wheat flour, through production of ‘glucose’ (reducing sugars), and to intensify glucose production (yield) by means of ultrasound treatment and microwave irradiation. The effect of ultrasound treatment prior to acid hydrolysis of samples was also studied. The ultrasound treatment increased the yield of glucose by 90% in whole wheat sample and by 77% in debran wheat sample. The microwave irradiation increased the yield of glucose by 4 times in whole wheat samples and by 3.8 times in debran wheat samples.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121263340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Biodiesel from a Blend of Jatropha Oil and Waste Frying Soybean Oil","authors":"H. Khan, Moina Athar","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00008.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2015.00008.2","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel was produced from various blends of jatropha oil and waste frying soybean oil (WFSO). The process used was two-step transesterification, as free fatty acid (FFA) content of jatropha oil was high. Esterification was done for 2 h. After esterification the FFA content was reduced to <1%. WFSO having FFA 1.6% was used directly. Transesterification of blends were carried out for 90 min at 55°C, using KOH catalyst and methanol alcohol. The biodiesel produced was settled overnight and separated. It was observed that more amount of catalyst was consumed as the volume percent of jatropha oil in the blend increases. Fuel properties of the biodiesel products have been measured and found markedly enhanced compared to those of the parent oil. Also, the values satisfied the standard limits according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128942195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Culture Conditions on the Production of Microbial Oils from Mortierella sp.","authors":"K. Ravikumar, J. Dakshayini, Girish, S. Girisha","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.2.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.2.009","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial oils are the lipids obtained from microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They have the ability to produce oils under certain special culture conditions. Microbial oils might become one of the potential oil feedstocks for biodiesel production in the future. In the present work, the effects of culture conditions on the biomass and lipid production of Mortierella sp. were studied. The favourable pH, temperature and media were found to be 6.0, 25°C and yeast extract peptone glucose (YPG) media, respectively. Under these conditions, M. polycephala yielded the highest biomass (9.1 g/L) compared with M. vinaceae (8.2 g/L) and M. alpina (5.9 g/L); at pH 6.0, M. alpina yielded the highest biomass of 17.60 g/L compared with M. vinaceae, which produced 15.20 g/L and M. polycephala, 15.05 g/L. The effect of different media like YPG, fat producing media and potato dextrose broth was studied; a maximum growth of about 17.34 g/L was observed in M. alpina compared with M. polycephala (15.03 g/L) and M. vinaceae (15.63 g/L), respectively, in YPG media. The lipid content was found to be maximum in M. polycephala, i.e. about 1.95 g/L, and M. alpina was found to be the least yielding, i.e. about 0.007 g/L, at 25°C. Thin layer chromatography was performed using the isolated lipid extracts to determine the constituents, and it showed the presence of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids. The estimated iodine values were 81 g of I2/100 g of oil for the lipids extracted from M. polycephala, exhibiting higher unsaturated lipid contents than other two fungal species, i.e. M. vinaceae (79 g of I2/100 g of oil) and M. alpina (59 g of I2/100 g of oil). The acid values of the fungi followed a similar pattern as that of the iodine values as the free fatty acid content was more in M. polycephala. Peroxide values varied in M. polycephala (1.49 mg KOH/g oil) than those of M. vinaceae (1.20 mg KOH/g oil) and M. alpina (0.31 mg KOH/g oil). Hence, M. polycephala was the major strain considered for producing good quality oil compared with M. vinaceae and M. alpine, and it can be effectively utilised to produce microbial biodiesel.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128979769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and Emission Studies of a Compression Ignition Engine on Blends of Calophyllum Oil and Diesel","authors":"C. Mishra, Naveen Kumar, Sidharth, B. Chauhan","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-3015.3.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-3015.3.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"In the present scenario of energy crisis and global warming, the use of eco-friendly renewable fuels is gaining worldwide attention. Amongst the variety of such fuels, bio-fuels from energy crops form an important solution. In this context, fuels derived from non-edible vegetable oil have a major role to provide energy security and mitigate environmental degradation. Despite extensive work carried out by large number of researchers, a huge number of non-edible vegetable oils are yet to be explored as a feed stock for small energy requirements. So there is an urgent need to assess the potential of such underutilized feed stocks. It has been found that chemical processing of vegetable oil should be carried to bring its properties similar to diesel fuel. However, the chemical processing requires capital investment and technical experience which is not feasible in rural areas. Therefore the vegetable oil in neat form without any chemical treatment presents a sustainable solution. The present study aims at evaluation of one such underutilized species “Calophyllum”. This plant is abundantly available in coastal India, Bangladesh, South America, African coast and Australia. The oil in raw form and blended with diesel (10% and 20% by volume) were used to fuel a single cylinder diesel engine and the results compared with baseline data of diesel. The results suggest a reduction of 6.97% and 12.4% in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) on 10% and 20% blend respectively as compared to mineral diesel operation. Further brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) was found to increase by 7.35% for 10% blend and 14.03% for 20% blend. This reduction in BTE is compensated by the fact that CO emission is reduced by 25% at full load with 10% blend; and around 50% with 20% blend suggesting better combustion. The NOx emissions were found to be reduced by 13.48% at full load with 10% blend and by 25.24% for 20% blend. Un-burnt hydrocarbon (UBHC) emissions at peak load were increased by 9.1% at 10% blend as compared to baseline. At 20% blend, the UBHC emissions were found to be further increased by 18% compared to the neat diesel operation. UBHC emissions are lower at partial loads but tend to increase at higher loads for all fuels. This is due to the lack of oxygen, which is caused by engine operation at a higher equivalence ratio. On the basis of exhaustive experimental work, it can be concluded that 10% blend of Calophyllum oil with diesel in unmodified diesel engine may roughly decrease CO emissions by 12% and NOx by 25% whereas UBHC is increased by 9%, at the penalty of 5% reduction in BTE and 8% increase of BSEC.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128662133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Effect of Operational Parameters on Conversion of Free Fatty Acids into Esters using Thin Layer Chromatography","authors":"R. Mythili, P. Venkatachalam, D. Uma, P. Subramanian","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00007.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2016.00007.6","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays the fossil fuels are becoming outmoded by the renewable and biological fuels. The biofuels are categorised as biodiesel, biogas and producer gas. The biodiesel is produced from edible, non-edible oils, used cooking oils and animal fats. Yield of biodiesel from these feedstocks depends on the quality of oils such as free fatty acid (FFA) and moisture content. In this study, a non-edible oil feedstock, Jatropha curcas oil (8.81% oleic acid) was chosen for the biodiesel production with the aid of an acid and base catalyst. In the acid treatment, the high FFA oil was treated using sulphuric acid (2%) at 50°C for 1 h. This product mixture was separated into layers by gravity. The lower part of the mixture was known as pretreated oil, another layer was unknown component, and it was identified using thin layer chromatographic technique.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117306549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Management of Kitchen Waste through Anaerobic Digestion: Influence of pH and Loading Rates on Biogas Yield","authors":"A. D. Olugbemide, E. Ohiro, M. Abdulkadir, A. Oladipo, D. Ogungbemide","doi":"10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.0976-4763.4.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria, the most populous black nation, is confronted with the problem of waste management. Most of the widely used methods of waste management are proving ineffective and there is a need for more scientific and environmentally friendly technologies to meet the challenge headlong. Anaerobic digestion offers such a viable alternative. Batch anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste at different pH values and loading rates was carried out to evaluate the potentials of the process as a means for waste management. A set of nine digesters in a batch mode was used and labelled (A1-A3; B1-B3; and C1-C3). The results showed that digester B2, with loading rate of 400 g/l run at pH 6.5, gave the highest yield of biogas. The yield was 72.62% higher than A1 (200 g/l at pH 5.5) and 11.54% higher than C1 and C3. Furthermore, kinetic study showed that digester B2 had the highest biodegradability, with biogas production rate constant of 0.122/day. Conclusively, anaerobic digestion can be an effective option in treating kitchen waste and generating bioenergy.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114722709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomethanation Plant of Choithram Vegetable Market, Indore: A Case Study","authors":"R. Singh, T. Khan","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00004.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00004.7","url":null,"abstract":"The major objective of this study is to analyze the technology used in the Biomethanation Plant of Choithram Vegetable market, Indore. The installed capacity of the plant is 20 tons per day of fruits and vegetable wastes, which generates nearly 2400 m³ of Bio-CNG per day. Waste to Energy is perceived as a means to dispose of municipal solid waste, produce energy, recover materials, and free up scarce land that would otherwise have been used for landfill. Bio-CNG is the purified form of Biogas, where all the unwanted gases are removed to the purity of above 95%. A replacement to those exhausting resources can be made by using Bio-CNG. This paper reviews various aspects of Biomethanation technology, various factors affecting the Biogas generation, physical and chemical characteristics of Biogas and various researches adopted in the plant.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114728621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Stacking Microbial Fuel Cells on Electricity Generation from Sludge","authors":"A. E. Eseyin, E. El-Giar, J. Dodo, Miracle O. Ekemezie","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00006.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2019.00006.0","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioreactors that convert energy in the chemical bonds of organic compounds into electrical energy through catalytic activity of electrogenic micro-organisms, under anaerobic conditions. In this study, a stacked MFC consisting of 4 single MFCs was assembled using microbial sludge and connected in series. 1.0 V of electricity was generated in each cell and as much as 4.0V of electricity was generated in the four stacked cells. The stacked MFC was used to power a flashlight and a 4.0-volt LED light bulb. The electricity generated decreased with time due to a decrease in microbial activity and increased with increase in the number of stacked cells.","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127168938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Ethanol Production from Rice Straw by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis","authors":"P. Kaur, G. S. Kocher, M. S. Taggar","doi":"10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00010.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-4763.2018.00010.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biofuels","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126651235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}