The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research最新文献

Protective effects of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats 苦楝叶甲醇提取物对黄曲霉毒素b1致大鼠肝毒性的保护作用

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1968

Rhulani Makhuvele, K. Foubert, N. Hermans, L. Pieters, L. Verschaeve, E. Elgorashi

{"title":"Protective effects of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","authors":"Rhulani Makhuvele, K. Foubert, N. Hermans, L. Pieters, L. Verschaeve, E. Elgorashi","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1968","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi. The present study investigated the protective effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra (MLEMC) against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each. Five groups were administered orally for seven days with three different concentrations of MLEMC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), curcumin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (25% propylene glycol). The following day, these groups were administered 1 mg/kg b.w. of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The experiment was terminated three days after administration of AFB1. Group 6 represented untreated healthy control. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and liver histopathology were evaluated. Methanolic leaf extracts of M. caffra decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine in the sera of rats as compared with the AFB1 intoxicated group. Co-administration of MLEMC improved the histological characteristics of the hepatocytes in contrast to the AFB1 treated group, which had mild to severe hepatocellular injuries including bile duct proliferation, bile duct hyperplasia, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Extracts of M. caffra were beneficial in mitigating the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in rats by reducing the levels of liver enzymes and preventing hepatic injury.","PeriodicalId":107337,"journal":{"name":"The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research","volume":"1706 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129411289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Detection of native interferon-γ in nyala (Tragelaphus angasii): Towards diagnosing tuberculosis 兔耳蜗(Tragelaphus angasii)中天然干扰素γ的检测:对结核病的诊断

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1796

L. Roux, Alicia J. McCall, A. Michel

{"title":"Detection of native interferon-γ in nyala (Tragelaphus angasii): Towards diagnosing tuberculosis","authors":"L. Roux, Alicia J. McCall, A. Michel","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1796","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium bovis is the main cause of tuberculosis in wildlife. In South Africa, African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) are a wildlife maintenance host while a number of other species are considered spillover hosts. Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii), a large antelope species from Southern Africa, is frequently traded and can be infected with M. bovis. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assays that detect cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to M. bovis infection have shown promise in elephants, rhinoceroses and buffaloes. The BOVIGAM® assay is a commercial IFN-γ release assay designed to detect tuberculosis in cattle and has been validated in buffaloes. We tested the suitability of the BOVIGAM® assay to detect native IFN-γ release in nyala. Blood samples collected from 17 nyalas were stimulated with different mitogens and IFN-γ release measured. We found that incubating whole blood with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore (PMA/CaI) resulted in the highest levels of IFN-y release. Samples stimulated with tuberculin purified protein derivatives of M. bovis (PPDb) and M. avium (PPDa) did not show significant IFN-γ production. An intradermal tuberculin test (IDT) and culture of tissues from 15 of the 17 culled nyala were also performed, which supported the findings of the BOVIGAM® assay, suggesting the potential value of this assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in nyala.","PeriodicalId":107337,"journal":{"name":"The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115869001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) and African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) 从非洲草原象(Loxodonta africana)和非洲森林象(Loxodonta cyclotis)采集的粘蜱(蜱螨亚纲:粘蜱科)

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1781

E. Kariuki, H. Kutima, M. Kock, I. Horak, R. Jooste, L. Neves

引用次数: 5

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in southeastern South Africa 南非东南部家畜刚地弓形虫感染的血清流行率及相关危险因素

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1688

Whatmore M Tagwireyi, E. Etter, L. Neves

{"title":"Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in southeastern South Africa","authors":"Whatmore M Tagwireyi, E. Etter, L. Neves","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1688","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii is a major neglected parasitic infection occurring in settings of extreme poverty in Africa. Apart from causing reproductive failure in animals it is also a significant zoonotic concern. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of T. gondii infection in cats, chickens, goats, sheep and pigs in the southeast of South Africa, of which little is known. Sera was obtained from 601 domestic animals including 109 cats, 137 chickens, 128 goats, 121 sheep and 106 pigs managed under different production systems in different agro-ecological regions and evaluated by the Toxoreagent, a latex agglutination test for T. gondii antibody detection. Household-level and animal-level data were collected by interviewing animal owners and/or herders using a closed-ended questionnaire. The study revealed an overall farm seroprevalence of 83.33% (125/150 farms) with the highest rate of infection for the parasite found in sheep with 64.46% (78/121), followed by goats with 53.91% (69/128), pigs with 33.96% (36/106), cats with 32.11% (35/109 cats) and chickens with 33.58% (46/137). The risk factors that were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) to different species of seropositivites were age, location, climate, animal production system, rodent control, seropositive cat, cat-feed access and cat faecal disposal. The relatively high seroprevalence of T. gondii detected in this region suggests that domestic animals may pose a substantial public health risk through the consumption of T. gondii-infected raw meat as well as via contact with cat faeces.","PeriodicalId":107337,"journal":{"name":"The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123965264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Antimicrobial usage in pig production: Effects on Escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance 猪生产中抗菌素的使用:对大肠杆菌毒力谱和抗菌素耐药性的影响

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2019-10-31 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1743

R. Abubakar, E. Madoroba, Oluwawemimo Adebowale, O. Fasanmi, F. Fasina

{"title":"Antimicrobial usage in pig production: Effects on Escherichia coli virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance","authors":"R. Abubakar, E. Madoroba, Oluwawemimo Adebowale, O. Fasanmi, F. Fasina","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1743","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobials (AM) are used for growth promotion and therapy in pig production. Its misuse has led to the development of resistant organisms. We evaluated Escherichia coli virulence genes, and compared phenotypic–genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of faecal E. coli from pigs receiving routine farm treatment without antimicrobial agents against pigs treated routinely with AM over 70 days. Recovered E. coli were tested for AMR using disk diffusion and polymerase chain reaction. Virulence genes were detected in 24.8% of isolates from antimicrobial group and 43.5% from non-antimicrobial group (p = 0.002). The proportion of virulence genes heat-stable enterotoxins a & b (STa, STb), enteroaggregative heat stable enterotoxin 1 [EAST1] and Shiga toxin type 2e [Stx2e]) were 18.1%, 0.0%, 78.7% and 3.0% for antimicrobial group and 14.8%, 8.5%, 85.1% and 12.7% for non-antimicrobial groups, respectively. Resistance to oxytetracycline was most common (p = 0.03) in samples collected between days 10 and 21. Resistance shifted to amoxicillin on days 56–70, and trimethoprim resistance was observed throughout. Seventeen phenotypic AMR combinations were observed and eight were multidrug resistant. At least one tetracycline resistance gene was found in 63.9% of the isolates. tet (A) (23.3%) was most common in the antimicrobial group, whereas tet (B) (43.5%) was prevalent in the non-antimicrobial group. Usage or non-usage of antimicrobial agents in growing pigs does not preclude virulence genes development and other complex factors may be involved as previously described. Heavily used AM correspond to the degree of resistance and tetracycline resistance genes were detected during the growth phase.","PeriodicalId":107337,"journal":{"name":"The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122605377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Rift Valley fever virus in small ruminants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 裂谷热病毒在刚果民主共和国的小反刍动物

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2019-10-10 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1737

G. Tshilenge, Mfumu L K Mulumba, G. Misinzo, R. Noad, W. Dundon

{"title":"Rift Valley fever virus in small ruminants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"G. Tshilenge, Mfumu L K Mulumba, G. Misinzo, R. Noad, W. Dundon","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1737","url":null,"abstract":"Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the RVF phlebovirus (RVFV) that infects a variety of animal species including sheep and goats. Sera (n = 893) collected between 2013 and 2015 from randomly selected indigenous sheep and goats in seven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were tested for the presence of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) against RVFV, using two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also used to detect RVFV nucleic acid. There was significant variation in true seroprevalence of RVFV for both sheep and goats between the seven provinces investigated. Values ranged from 0.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0–6.55) to 23.81 (95% CI 12.03–41.76) for goat and 0.0 (95% CI 0.0–7.56) to 37.11 (95% CI 15.48–65.94) for sheep, respectively. One serum (1.85%) out of 54 that tested positive for IgG was found to be IgM-positive. This same sample was also positive by RT-PCR indicating an active or recent infection. These findings report the presence of RVFV in small ruminants in the DRC for the first time and indicate variations in exposure to the virus in different parts of the country.","PeriodicalId":107337,"journal":{"name":"The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134101454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

First-time detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus, BVDV-1, in cattle in Botswana 在博茨瓦纳的牛中首次发现牛病毒性腹泻病毒BVDV-1

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2019-10-09 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1764

Sara Lysholm, S. Ramabu, M. Berg, J. Wensman

{"title":"First-time detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus, BVDV-1, in cattle in Botswana","authors":"Sara Lysholm, S. Ramabu, M. Berg, J. Wensman","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1764","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases are serious constraints for improving livestock productivity. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a virus causing grave economic losses throughout the cattle producing world. Infection is often not apparent, but the virus can also cause respiratory signs, diarrhoea, reproductive problems and immunosuppression. Risk factors for disease transmission include, but are not limited to, herd size, animal trade and grazing on communal pastures. Several prevalence studies have been conducted in southern Africa, but in Botswana the occurrence is largely unknown. In this study, blood samples were obtained from 100 goats from three villages around the capital city, Gaborone. Also, 364 blood samples from cattle around Gaborone, collected as part of another study, were analysed. The detected antibody prevalence was 0% in goats and 53.6% in cattle when using a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. Three animals from two different herds were positive for viral nucleic acids on polymerase chain reaction. The two herds with viraemic animals had significantly higher antibody prevalence compared to the other herds. Also, two of the detected viruses were sequenced and found to be most similar to BVDV-1a. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that sequencing has been performed on BVDV isolated in Botswana.","PeriodicalId":107337,"journal":{"name":"The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124406576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Injectable organic and inorganic selenium in dairy cows – Effects on milk, blood and somatic cell count levels 奶牛中可注射的有机和无机硒。对牛奶、血液和体细胞计数水平的影响

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2019-10-08 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1664

G. M. Ferreira, I. Petzer

{"title":"Injectable organic and inorganic selenium in dairy cows – Effects on milk, blood and somatic cell count levels","authors":"G. M. Ferreira, I. Petzer","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1664","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis is the most costly disease of dairy cows. A pro-active approach includes insuring adequate levels of selective trace minerals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two different commercially available, injectable selenium products, (sodium) Na-selenite (inorganic) and (selenium) Se-methionine (organic), on milk composition and on serum and milk selenium concentrations in high-yielding Holstein cows on total mix ration. Sixty multiparous cows were randomly selected into three groups of 20, one control group and two groups supplemented with injectable trace minerals. Blood and milk samples were collected over a period of 60 days. No specific change was indicated in milk yield, lactose, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and milk pH levels compared with baseline values. The Se-methionine supplemented group showed a numerical increase in total milk protein percentage. In the group injected with Se-methionine, a negative correlation was present for the initial 72 hours between serum selenium concentration and somatic cell count (SCC) and a highly significant (p < 0.001) increase in milk selenium concentration for the initial 24 hours. Serum selenium concentration of Se-methionine-supplemented cows was however not significantly changed. Injection of Na-selenite led to a 60-day initial increase in serum selenium concentration above baseline levels and a significant milk selenium concentration on day 1 but to a negative correlation between serum selenium concentration and SCC. Differences in serum and milk selenium concentrations followed with the use of organic and inorganic selenium injectables. Injectable Na-selenite, as selenium, can be of important value for cattle farmers if supplemented on strategically physiological periods to improve production, reproduction and immunity.","PeriodicalId":107337,"journal":{"name":"The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126429916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Phylogenetic studies of larval digenean trematodes from freshwater snails and fish species in the proximity of Tshwane metropolitan, South Africa 南非Tshwane市区附近淡水蜗牛和鱼类中地沟虫吸虫幼虫的系统发育研究

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1729

Esmey B E Moema, P. H. King, J. Rakgole

引用次数: 8

Molecular and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) in dogs in southeast Anatolia, Turkey 土耳其安纳托利亚东南部犬细小病毒2型(CPV-2)分子及限制性片段长度多态性分析

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1734

P. Polat, Adem Şahan, G. Aksoy, M. Timurkan, E. Dinçer

{"title":"Molecular and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) in dogs in southeast Anatolia, Turkey","authors":"P. Polat, Adem Şahan, G. Aksoy, M. Timurkan, E. Dinçer","doi":"10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1734","url":null,"abstract":"Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is the aetiological agent of an infectious viral disease of dogs, characterised by diarrhoea and vomiting. Mutations of the CPV-2 genome have generated new variants circulating worldwide. This article reports the molecular analysis of CPV-2 variants collected in the dog population in southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Twenty blood samples previously taken for the laboratory diagnosis of dogs with suspected parvovirus were screened for CPV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 20 samples, 18 tested positive for CPV-2. Partial VP2 gene sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed CPV-2a (n = 1), CPV-2b (n = 16) and CPV-2c (n = 1) variants. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial length VP2 gene showed that CPV-2b (n = 15) variants showed sequences clustering separately in the phylogenetic tree. The CPV-2c sample was phylogenetically related to Chinese strains and Indonesia strain, whereas the CPV-2a sample was phylogenetically related to the Portuguese strain. These results, which are the first to demonstrate the presence of CPV-2c in the dog population of southeast Anatolia, Turkey, indicate that CPV-2a/2b/2c variants co-exist in Turkey’s dog population.","PeriodicalId":107337,"journal":{"name":"The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133359544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9