2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas最新文献

{"title":"Support to Aviation for Volcanic Ash Avoidance (SAVAA)","authors":"F. Prata, F. Buongiorno, S. Eckhardt, P. Seibert, A. Stohl, A. Richter","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740359","url":null,"abstract":"Volcanic ash is a known hazard to aviation. Currently there are several satellite-based measurements that can detect volcanic substances, notably ash and SO2 gas, and these have been used in an ad hoc way to provide information to Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs) and then to aviation to assist averting danger. While these data have been extremely useful, they lack quantitative value and all the data (except for the recent CALIPSO lidar measurements) lack height information- thought to be critical for aviation. A new project initiated by the European Space Agency (ESA) has been established to support aviation by supplying quantitative and timely satellite-based products and to fill the gaps in knowledge regarding the avoidance of hazardous volcanic clouds. The aims and implementation of the project -¿Support to Aviation for Volcanic Ash Avoidance (SAVAA)¿are described here. The main outcomes of the 3 year project will be the completion of a demonstration system-VAS3 that will be able to ingest satellite data and meteorological wind fields, compute the injection height profile of volcanic emissions to produce a range of analysis fields (products) that can be swiftly provided to support aviation avoid hazardous volcanic clouds.","PeriodicalId":107318,"journal":{"name":"2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133680351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling geophysical modelling and geodesy to unravel the physics of active faults","authors":"B. Crippa, R. Sabadini, M. Chersich, R. Barzaghi, G. Panza","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740331","url":null,"abstract":"The major requirements of seismic hazard assessment must address mainly the information about the expected location, time and magnitude of the impending strong earthquakes, as well as the scenarios ground motion associated with the possible future seismic events. While the quick notification of seismic events, appears nowadays pretty well established, thanks to the development of regional and local seismic networks, in terms of prevention more and more importance is devoted to studies of the inter- and pre- seismic earthquake cycle. To improve the intra seismic and pre-seismic information, which may lead to an effective mitigation of seismic risk, we are proposing an innovative approach, that combines Earth Observation data (GPS and SAR) and new advanced approaches in seismological and geophysical data analysis. The employed EO data are the observations acquired by means of SAR sensors, treated by Differential Interferometric techniques, the data observation acquired by permanent GPS stations or ¿ad-hoc¿ campaigns of the observations done over earthquake prone area. The aim is to combine the geophysical modelling of the faults with the surface displacement measured with the two mentioned techniques. In particular, application of the DInSAR techniques, using a stacking of interferograms, makes it possible, under the classical interferometric constraints (coherence, baseline, etc.), to retrieve a vertical displacements map, referred to a temporal interval, over areas where seismic fault system are localized. The displacements fields coming from GPS/DInSAR and other additional information, constitute the input for the geophysical model which shall indicate whether the fault is in a ¿critical situation¿.","PeriodicalId":107318,"journal":{"name":"2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121912129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing analysis of ongoing deformation in Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis in Northern Pakistan","authors":"F. Shahzad, S. A. Mahmood, R. Gloaguen","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740350","url":null,"abstract":"Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis (HKS) is a complex tec-tonic feature in North Western Himalayan Fold and Thrust Belt. Himalayan Frontal thrust starts from the core of the Syntaxis while other faults like Kotil thrust, Riasi thrust and Tanda fault runs along NS directed Jehlum Fault. Seismicity is distributed along all the parts of the Syntaxis i.e. in the core and along the outer loop but decreases southward. The Kangra (1905) and Kashmir Earthquake (2005) are major outputs of the ongoing deformation process and thus gave motivation for this study. This study focuses Kunhar, Kishanganga, Jehlum and Poonch River and their automatically extracted tributaries. The drainage pattern of these rivers is controlled by different tectonic and climatologically changes in the region. Digital elevation models (DEMs) are used for drainage network extraction as it provides elevation information for the land surface throughout the catchment of the area. Drainage network has been extracted from Shuttle radar digital elevation data (SRTM-DEM). Rivers are sensitive to changes in tectonic deformation, adjusting over different periods of time depending on the physical properties of the host rocks, climatic effects and tectonic activity. Thus, the drainage system of a region records the evolution of tectonic deformation. The stream profile analysis of these four rivers provides information about absolute uplift condition in the region. This analysis provides us with different indices and they can later provide us several maps which, integrated in a GIS, allows a better interpretation of the results. We apply fractal analysis to these four rivers and try to study the rigidity of the areas from where they are passing. This is later confirmed with the steepness and concavity indices of the areas to identify the spatial distribution of the different rock types. We can separate various tectonic units and their deformation using knickpoints, concavity and steepness indices and their fractal behavior.","PeriodicalId":107318,"journal":{"name":"2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121301329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground deformation measurement with radar interferometry in Exupéry","authors":"X. Cong, S. Hinz, M. Eineder, A. Parizzi","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740349","url":null,"abstract":"The Exupery project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research is a multidisciplinary project aiming at setting-up an Early Response System (VFRS) for Volcanic Activity. The core of the system builds on established volcanic monitoring techniques such as seismicity, ground deformation, and remote sensing tools for gas measurements. A major novelty of this mobile system is the attempt of a direct inclusion of satellite based observations to deduce ground deformation, to detect hazardous gas emissions and to monitor thermal activity. Within the project, the study group at the Technical University of Munich and at the German Aerospace Center DLR is responsible for ground deformation measurements with satellite observations. Millimetric subsidence or uplift can be retrieved from SAR images by using interferometric techniques. The multi-frequency SAR data-set used for the test sites include three different sorts of band data, X-, C- and L-Band, respectively. Azores (Portugal) and Stromboli (Italy) were chosen for the test sites. The volcanic movements were measured with the differential phases and the measurement accuracy will be compared with on site measurements including GPS and ground based DInSAR measurements later for field campaign in Azores. The estimated deformation will be then incorporated into geophysical stress models to initialize, calibrate and, ultimately, improve the models. Our presentation gives a short overview of the Exupery project and presents first results from multi-wavelength InSAR data and different processing techniques such as PSI.","PeriodicalId":107318,"journal":{"name":"2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126782613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land subsidence monitoring using InSAR time series, case study: Mashhad, Iran (2004–2007)","authors":"V. Akbari, M. Motagh, M. Rajabi, Y. Djamour, M. Seddighi","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740371","url":null,"abstract":"Interferometric Synthetic Aperture (InSAR) observations acquired by the Envisat satellite in a descending orbit during 2004-2007 are used to study land subsidence caused by groundwater over-exploitation in Mashhad Valley, northeast of Iran. Motagh et al (GJI 2006) presented a preliminary analysis of the subsidence in this area using a few interferograms covering the 2003-2005 periods. This paper utilizes ENVISAT data to retrieve the temporal evolution of the surface deformation in Mashhad.","PeriodicalId":107318,"journal":{"name":"2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125861359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volcano monitoring via fractal modeling of lava flows","authors":"G. Di Martino, A. Iodice, D. Riccio, G. Ruello","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740342","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper use is made of fractal models for the development of a processing chain devoted to volcano monitoring. In particular, we present new models for the characterization of microwave images of fractal surfaces and we show how these models can account for the presence of different types of lava flows on these images.The imaged surfaces are modeled as fractional Brownian motion (fBm) stochastic processes. First of all, we show how the radar image relevant to an fBm can be linked to an associated fractional Gaussian noise (fGn) process. Different types of lava flow surfaces are simulated and their image spectra are analyzed and compared. Finally, a case study is presented. The area of interest is the Vesuvio volcano close to Naples, Italy. Simulated results, showing the possibility to discriminate different types of lava, are provided.","PeriodicalId":107318,"journal":{"name":"2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128028525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite remote sensing of volcanic activity in New Zealand","authors":"K. Joyce, S. Samsonov, G. Jolly","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740346","url":null,"abstract":"Mt Ruapehu is New Zealand¿s most active volcano. In 2007, the volcano produced a large lahar following a crater lake dam wall breach, in addition to a minor eruption and small associated lahars. Here, satellite remote sensing and image processing is used to extract the path of the major lahar, and to compare the results achieved through classification of ASTER visible and near infra-red imagery to those derived from ALOS-PALSAR L-band synthetic aperture RADAR data. This study also details how remote sensing can be used to derive temperature values useful for monitoring volcanic activity. Eleven ASTER thermal images were acquired to extract the temperature of the crater lake and a linear correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.94 was achieved when compared to field survey. The results herein demonstrate the utility of satellite remote sensing for mapping and monitoring volcanic activity in New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":107318,"journal":{"name":"2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130091779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformations occurring in the city of Auckland, New Zealand as mapped by the differential synthetic aperture radar","authors":"S. Samsonov, K. Tiampo, V. Manville, G. Jolly","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740351","url":null,"abstract":"Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand with a current population of more than one million. It is situated on a basaltic volcanic field with a total area of 360 square km and which consists of over 50 individual largely monogenetic volcanoes. The most recent and largest eruption occurred 600 years ago, and was witnessed by local inhabitants. It is anticipated that the chance of reawakening of a dormant volcano is very low; however, a new volcano could be created at any time in a new location within the field. In order to study ground deformations in the Auckland region twenty six ENVISAT ASAR images (Track 151, Frame 6442, IS2, VV) were acquired, spanning the period from 18 July 2003 to 9 November 2007. Over a hundred differential interferograms with perpendicular baselines of less than 500 meters were calculated and analyzed. Stacking, Small Baseline Subset and Permanent Scatterers processing algorithms were used to determine spatial and temporal patterns of surface deformation as well as average rates. A number of localized deformation regions were consistently observed by all three techniques. Three regions of subsidence are believed to be caused by groundwater extraction. The nature of uplifts is currently unclear, but a linear feature paralleling the regional tectonic fabric may be related to a hidden fault. The observed temporal deformation pattern is noisy but appears to be close to linear.","PeriodicalId":107318,"journal":{"name":"2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130492187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of geospatial and in situ information for seismic hazard assessment in Vrancea area, Romania","authors":"M. Zoran","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740335","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the subcrustal earthquakes located at the sharp bend of the Southeast Carpathians, Vrancea zone in Romania, placed at conjunction of four tectonic blocks is considered one of the most seismically active areas in Europe with a high potential of seismic hazard. Multispectral and multitemporal satellite images over a period 1989-2006 have been analyzed for recognizing the continuity and regional relationships of active faults as well as for geologic and seismic hazard mapping. GPS measurements can serve as a reference to these results. GPS Romanian network stations data revealed a displacement of about 5 or 6 millimeters per year in horizontal direction relative motion, and a few millimeters per year in vertical direction. The joint analysis of geodetic, seismological and geological information on the spatial distribution of crustal deformations as well as the analysis of some earthquake precursors is revealing new insights in the field of hazard and risk approach for Vrancea area.","PeriodicalId":107318,"journal":{"name":"2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133153741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"InSAR time series investigation of land subsidence due to groundwater overexploitation in Tehran, Iran","authors":"S. Alipour, M. Motgah, M. Sharifi, T. Walter","doi":"10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/USEREST.2008.4740370","url":null,"abstract":"Land surface deformation associated with groundwater overexploitation is a serious challenge for plain aquifers of Iran, particularly in semiarid and arid region. In the Greater Tehran area, the capital of Iran with a population of 14 million people, ground-water discharge has exceeded natural recharge over the last decades, causing significant drawdown of groundwater level and land subsidence. In this study we use 46 Envisat ASAR data acquired in descending and ascending orbits between 2003 and 2007 to examine in detail the spatio-temporal pattern of land subsidence in Tehran.","PeriodicalId":107318,"journal":{"name":"2008 Second Workshop on Use of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130621254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}