{"title":"Ocular infection with cytomegalovirus in Thailand: the clinical features, treatments and outcomes","authors":"Supinda Leeamornsiri","doi":"10.36281/2019020105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36281/2019020105","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the clinical features, treatments and outcomes of ocular cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Methods: Retrospective case series. Medical records of patients who had ocular CMV infection treated at Thammasat university hospital, Thailand from January 2015 to May 2017 were included. Clinical features, treatments and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Forty-one patients were diagnosed with ocular CMV diseases including infection in immunocompetent patients (n=25, 61%) and infection in immunocompromised cases (n=16, 39%). Among the immunocompetent group, anterior uveitis was the most common manifestation (n=22, 88%). Posner Schlossman syndrome (n=14, 56%) was the majority of CMV anterior uveitis cases. Patients with CMV anterior uveitis had iris atrophy in 90.5% of cases, increased intraocular pressure in 88% of cases, decreased endothelial cell count in 38.1% of cases and coin-shaped lesions in 27.3% of cases. Anti-viral therapy was administered in 88% of cases and 64% of cases needed long-term topical corticosteroids. Most immunocompromised patients were diagnosed with CMV retinitis (93.8%). Almost all patients (n=14, 87.5%) had HIV infection. Immune recovery uveitis developed in 20%. Five cases (31.3%) of CMV retinitis received intravenous ganciclovir with adjunctive intravitreal injections of ganciclovir while 68.8% of cases were treated with only intravitreal injections of ganciclovir. Most patients well responded to treatment with the mortality rate of 6.3%. Conclusions: Cytomegalovirus can infect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised host with variety of clinical features. Anterior uveitis was common in immunocompetent cases while retinitis was common in immunocompromised patients. Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interests.","PeriodicalId":107255,"journal":{"name":"Eye South East Asia","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132373920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patients’ barrier to adherence with glaucoma therapy experience: a qualitative research study","authors":"Sirilak Kitsripisarn","doi":"10.36281/2019020207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36281/2019020207","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To explore the experiences of therapeutic glaucoma adherence in patients with glaucoma regarding the obstructive factors to adherence and its importance to health outcomes. Methods: This qualitative study, purposive sampling, was used to recruit ten glaucoma patients. Data were collected from the outpatient ophthalmology clinic at Thammasat University Hospital between January and June 2017 using in-depth interviews along with observation and field records. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The main findings illustrated that adherence barriers with glaucoma therapy in patients with glaucoma were 1) lacking essential knowledge and 2) forgetfulness. Adherence is crucial to the overall general health of glaucoma patients because it helps them able to proper healthcare, resulting in better therapeutic outcomes and able to independent living. Conclusion: The results present an understanding of specific obstacles to adherence to anti-glaucomatous therapy. Future research should focus on investigating methods by which primary education related glaucoma and nursing management should be delivered to patients with glaucoma, leading to preserve the remaining eyesight diminishes. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interests.","PeriodicalId":107255,"journal":{"name":"Eye South East Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133682582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epithelial inclusion conjunctival cyst after strabismus surgery - a rare occurrence","authors":"Rongsheng Kee","doi":"10.36281/2019020104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36281/2019020104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107255,"journal":{"name":"Eye South East Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129577866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visual acuity improvement in bilateral corneal scars following the use of rigid gas permeable contact lens : a case report","authors":"T. Rahayu","doi":"10.36281/2019020106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36281/2019020106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Corneal scarring often results in impaired visual acuity due to irregular astigmatism inadequately corrected with spectacles. Rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens (CL) offers a practical, less invasive, and less expensive alternative to surgery in negating the irregular astigmatism of eyes with corneal scars. Case description: A 40-year old female presented with blurred vision of both eyes since a year ago with a history of recurrent redness on both eyes. Her visual acuity was 6/30 on the right eye and 6/15 on the left eye uncorrected with pinhole. There were multiple scars with vascularization on bilateral corneas without active signs of inflammation. Fitting for RGP CL was performed. Keratometry readings were obtained with distorted mires. The corneal topography showed irregular patterns. A trial was performed using a tisilfocon A lens with base curve 8.40 mm for the right eye and 7.60 mm for the left eye, power S-4.00D and diameter 9.20 mm. Over-refraction with the trial lens could determine the final power and the final visual acuity achieved with the RGP CLs was 6/15 on the right eye and 6/7.5 on the left eye. Conclusion: With proper fitting, RGP CL can be a treatment option in improving the visual acuity for patients with corneal scars, thus helping to further delay surgical treatment and improve patient’s quality of life. Conflicts of Interest : The authors have no financial interest in the subject matter of this case report.","PeriodicalId":107255,"journal":{"name":"Eye South East Asia","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130719803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of intraocular lens power calculation formulas in primary angle closure glaucoma","authors":"Jiranun Suptaweeponboon","doi":"10.36281/2019020202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36281/2019020202","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes. All the formulations in this study are common and widely used; SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay I and Haigis. Design: Retrospective chart review Methods: Data collection was performed through the OPD cards of PACG patients who already had uneventful cataract surgery with monofocal IOL by a single surgeon. All the patients had pre-operative data collection of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), keratometry, and predicted refractive outcomes using SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay I and Haigis by IOL Master (Carl Zeiss version 5) biometry. Post-operative data was also collected. Analysis of the accuracy of all formulas was done by comparison of the predicted refractive outcomes and the measured refractive outcomes using the mean error (ME) and mean error squared (MES). MES was calculated to account for postoperative refractive errors with positive and negative values neutralizing one another in the resulting mean error. Results: The Hoffer Q formula produced the lowest ME (0.009 ± 0.54 D), but not the MES (0.303 D) Whilst the most accurate formula with the least random error (MES=0.216 D) is SRK/T with also low ME (0.083 ± 0.45 D). The Haigis formula produced the highest MES (0.323 D) this inaccuracy of the Haigis formula may be caused by biometric data (using ACD). However, there is no significant difference between all 4 formulas (within limits of a small sample size). AL is the most weighted variable with significant effect to the predicted refractive error ( P =0.029). All four formulas have positive ME representing more hyperopic result than intended. Conclusion: The most accurate formula in this study is SRK/T. Haigis was the least accurate formula, potentially attributed to postoperative ACD changes. There is no significant difference between all 4 commonly used formulas.","PeriodicalId":107255,"journal":{"name":"Eye South East Asia","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116724014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Case series: the rise of fungal endophthalmitis from suspected environmental contamination","authors":"Chong Jia Cherng","doi":"10.36281/2019020103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36281/2019020103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A spike of 5 cases of positive culture fungal endophthalmitis occurred within a period of 30 days in patients with different working diagnosis. Investigations were initiated to look for possible causes/explanation. Results: Five cases with different working diagnosis had positive fungal culture within a period of thirty days. Investigations showed that four out of five sampling were done in the same procedure room, and that all culture plates used were from the same refrigerator in the same procedure room. The procedure room environment was sub-optimal for procedures. A non-functioning air-conditioner created a hot and humid environment. A blowing stand-fan was used to provide air circulation during procedures. Multiple green-black-brownish spots of fungi growth were noticed on the cellulose ceiling board. The infection control team were informed and involved in investigation and rectification process, which include but not restricted to thorough disinfection procedures and air-conditioner repair. There were no longer any clinically inappropriate positive cultures reported following rectification. As patients responded well without/before starting anti-fungal therapy, we strongly believe that the clinically inappropriate positive cultures were due to environmental contamination. Conclusion: Contamination/infection can occur via airborne pathogen transmission especially fungi, thus WHO recommended a level of <50 CFU/m3 of air in hospital settings. A high level of suspicion should be maintained. Lab results are not absolute and clinical co-relation is of utmost importance in patient’s management. Conflicts of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest.","PeriodicalId":107255,"journal":{"name":"Eye South East Asia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128033532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The association between contact lens wear and the meibomian gland dysfunction in Ophthalmology department, Thammasat hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand","authors":"W. Tangpagasit","doi":"10.36281/2019020206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36281/2019020206","url":null,"abstract":"Correspondence to: Wimolwan Tangpagasit, Thammasat University E-mail: twimolwan@gmail.com Received : 30th December 2018 Accepted: 10th February 2019 Published: 10th October 2019 Purpose: To determine the prevalence of Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in contact lens wearers and the effect of different modalities of contact lens (CL) on parameters related to MGD in. Thammasat hospital, Pathum Thani province. Methods: Cross-sectional study. 75 contact lens wearer subjects (ages 20-50 years old). The subjects’ health history and symptoms were assessed using questionnaire. The assessment of MGD and dry eye symptoms was conducted by a self-reported ocular symptom using ocular surface disease index (OSDI). Results: There was a significant association between the severity of MGD and artificial tear used, participants who used artificial tear have less severity of MGD 1.36 compare to nonused group 1.63 (P = 0.01). It was found that severity of MGD had a significant correlation with color of CL (P = 0.023). The tinted and big eye CL seemed to produce higher degree of MGD comparing to clear CL, suggesting that CL material was significantly related to severity of MGD. Short time of CL wear per day seems to have lower severity of MGD. Conclusions: MGD was found to be common in contact lens wearers’ subjects in Pathum Thani province, up to 74.7%. The severity of MGD had significant correlation with CL material. Conflicts of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest.","PeriodicalId":107255,"journal":{"name":"Eye South East Asia","volume":"27 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132287287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alor setar experience: surgical outcomes of macular hole surgery with folding method","authors":"F. Zamawi","doi":"10.36281/2019020201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36281/2019020201","url":null,"abstract":"Correspondence to: Fatin Nadia Zamawi, Pusat Perubatan University E-mail: f_nadia1312@yahoo.co.uk Received : 12th June 2019 Accepted: 7th August 2019 Published: 10th November 2019 Purpose: To review the surgical outcomes of macular hole surgery with internal limiting membrane (ILM) folding method in Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah (HSB), Alor Setar. Method: A retrospective study reviewing the functional and anatomical outcomes of macular hole surgery with ILM folding method for all related cases in HSB during the period between January 2013 to December 2018. Results: Thirty-seven patients with purely full-thickness macular hole who underwent ILM folding method surgery were included in the study, with 21 females and 16 males. Ages ranged between 51-74 years. We observed the outcomes of macular hole surgery using folding method based on visual improvement and macular hole closure at 6-weeks and 6-months post-surgery. All surgeries were performed by a single vitreo-retinal surgeon in HSB. Following macular hole surgery using folding method, 31 cases (83.8%) and thirty-three cases (89.2%) showed visual improvement by two or more lines at 6-weeks and 6-months post-surgery, respectively. Hole closure was achieved in all cases (100%) of macular hole surgery using the folding method at 6 weeks and 6 months post-surgery. Conclusion: In conclusion, surgical outcomes of macular hole surgery using ILM folding method in Alor Setar showed 100% anatomical success and majority of cases showed improvement in visual acuity by 2-or-more line at 6-months post-surgery. Besides surgical techniques, macular hole surgical success is also attributed by size of macular hole.","PeriodicalId":107255,"journal":{"name":"Eye South East Asia","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122083976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}