{"title":"Intelligibility and naturalness of articulatory synthesis with VocalTractLab compared to established speech synthesis technologies","authors":"P. K. Krug, Simon Stone, P. Birkholz","doi":"10.21437/ssw.2021-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21437/ssw.2021-18","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the current state-of-the-art of articulatory speech synthesis (VOCALTRACTLAB) is compared to a wide range of different text-to-speech systems that once represented or still represent the continuously evolving state-of-the-art of speech synthesis technology. The comparison systems include neural and concatenative synthesis by Google and Microsoft, as well as Hidden Markov Model-based, unit-selection and diphone synthesis developed at universities (using MARYTTS, MBROLA and DRESS). A small corpus of 15 German sentences was synthesized using the text-to-speech (and, if available, re-synthesis) functionalities of each system. The intelligibility of the synthesized utterances was evaluated in an ASR experiment. The naturalness of the utterances was evaluated in a multi-stimulus Likert test by 50 German native speakers. As an additional reference, recordings of natural speech were used in the experiments. It was found that the articulatory synthesis can achieve a performance on par with the non-commercial synthesis systems in terms of intelligibility and naturalness, while being significantly outperformed by the commercial synthesis systems.","PeriodicalId":106906,"journal":{"name":"11th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW 11)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126425894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}