Frontiers in Insect Science最新文献

{"title":"Spotted! Computer-aided individual photo-identification allows for mark-recapture of invasive spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula)","authors":"Nadège Bélouard, J. Behm","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1112551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1112551","url":null,"abstract":"The spotted lanternfly is an invasive pest for which we lack individual movement data due in part to the difficulty posed by individual identification. We developed a computer‐aided method to identify individual adult spotted lanternfly using wing spot patterns from photos processed in the software I3S and demonstrated the method’s accuracy with lab and field validations. Based on 176 individuals in the lab, we showed that digitizing the spots of one wing allowed a 100% reliable individual identification. The errors due to user input and the variation in the angle of the image were largely negligible compared to inter-individual variations. We applied this method in the context of a mark-recapture experiment to assess the feasibility of this method in the field. We initially identified a total of 84 unique spotted lanternflies, 31 of which were recaptured after four hours along with 49 new individuals. We established that the analysis of recaptures can possibly be automated based on scores and may not require systematic visual pairwise comparison. The demonstration of the effectiveness of this method on relatively small sample sizes makes it a promising tool for field experimentation as well as lab manipulations. Once validated on larger datasets and in different contexts, it will provide ample opportunity to collect useful data on spotted lanternfly ecology that can greatly inform management.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124413533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Honeybees are buffered against undernourishment during larval stages","authors":"Felix Schilcher, Lioba Hilsmann, M. Ankenbrand, Markus Krischke, M. J. Mueller, I. Steffan‐Dewenter, R. Scheiner","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1146464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1146464","url":null,"abstract":"COPYRIGHT © 2023 Schilcher, Hilsmann, Ankenbrand, Krischke, Mueller, Steffan-Dewenter and Scheiner. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Correction PUBLISHED 31 January 2023 DOI 10.3389/finsc.2023.1146464","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"17 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122929679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential climatic range of spotted lanternfly may be broader than previously predicted","authors":"M. Keena, Georgie Hamilton, Devin Kreitman","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1092189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1092189","url":null,"abstract":"Spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula White) is an invasive planthopper that was introduced to the United States from Asia and readily spreads via human aided means. Three geographically separated populations in the United States (NJ, PA, and WV) were collected and used to assess the effects of fluctuating thermal regimes that included temperatures above or below the upper (Tmax) and lower (Tmin) developmental thresholds, respectively, on nymphal survival and development, and to determine if there was within- and among-population variation in hatch timing and temperature responses of nymphs. Nymphs exposed to temperatures > Tmax and <Tmin were able to develop when those temperatures were part of an alternating regime, even though development took longer, and the average survival was lower than that of the corresponding constant temperature. When individuals from different geographically separated populations were exposed to the same temperature regimes, there was intra- and inter-population variation in time to hatch, instar duration, and estimated Tmin values. The NJ population on average hatched earlier than the PA populations. There was 1-4°C difference in estimates of the Tmin for the first through third instars for individuals from different populations. In addition, the time in instar estimates for constant 15 and 25°C from this study were 26 and 7 days faster, respectively, than estimates from previous studies. The variability in thermal responses documented in this study is large enough to have impacts on predicted phenology and potential risk of establishment especially in areas previously considered too cold to be at risk. This new information should be incorporated into phenology and risk models to improve their predictive ability.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117053184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of lure mixtures in baited traps to attract different fruit fly species in guava and vegetable fields","authors":"Shakil Ahmad, Coline C. Jaworski, F. Ullah, Momana Jamil, Hayat Badshah, Yanping Luo","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2022.984348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2022.984348","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are major pests of fruits and vegetables worldwide. We measured the efficacy of attractive lure mixtures in baited traps on naturally-occurring fruit flies in commercial mosaic guava and vegetables fields in Pakistan. We tested three mixtures (methyl-eugenol [ME] and cue lure [CL]; GF-120 and methyl eugenol; and GF-120 and cue lure) in eleven ratios: 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10, and 100:0. We recorded three fruit fly species: Bactrocera zonata was the most abundant in baited traps, followed by Bactrocera dorsalis, while Zeugodacus cucurbitae was significantly less attracted to baited traps. We also found that the most attractive mixture and ratio varied among species: B. dorsalis was most attracted by 40CL:60ME, while B. zonata was most and equally attracted by 100ME, 10CL:90ME, 20CL:80ME, 30CL:70ME, and 40CL:60ME. Finally, Z. cucurbitae was most attracted by 10CL:90ME, which resulted in the highest total number of flies counted in 10CL:90ME-baited traps. Mixtures with GF-120 were less attractive to all three species. Our results suggest that lure mixtures in baited traps influence the attraction of fruit flies in a species-specific way. This needs to be considered in the integrated pest management of multiple species of fruit flies simultaneously. If Bactrocera species are most damaging and abundant, a 40CL:60ME mixture in baited traps will likely be most effective to reduce pest abundance and crop damage. However, if Z. cucurbitae is the main pest target causing most crop damage and yield loss, 10CL:90ME-baited traps will be a more effective in their monitoring and management.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124500766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequencing to identify pathogens in Tenebrio molitor: Implications in insects farmed for food and feed","authors":"Dewey Leierer, M. Olmstead, B. Oppert","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1059046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1059046","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The farmed insect industry is increasing in number and size to meet the demand for sustainably-produced protein. Larger insect farms are prone to losses due to pathogens, and more information is needed regarding the health of insects reared for food and feed. Methods In this study, high throughput sequencing was used to identify potential pathogens in a colony of Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm, Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) that exhibited increased mortality in immature stages with eventual colony collapse. Sequences also were obtained from a healthy new colony of T. molitor, as well as a recovered individual from the collapsed colony. Results Screening of sequences obtained from the colonies and their rearing diet indicated that the collapsed colony had low diversity in microbial taxa, with predominantly sequences from the families Staphylococcaeceae and Streptococcaceae constituting from 53 to 88% of the total microbial reads. Conversely, in the new colony and their rearing diet, microbial sequences were from more than 15 different taxa, with Lactobacilleceae the most prevalent but representing only 21% of the total microbial reads. Evidence indicates that Bacillus thuringiensis may have been involved in the collapse of the colony, leading to sepsis and microbial dysbiosis, although the source of the bacteria was not identified. Sequences from the recovered individual reflected a microbial flora profile that was intermediate between those of the diseased collapsed and new colonies. Discussion These findings have implications for insects reared in confined environments and provide a rapid method to screen insect colonies by sequencing healthy and potentially diseased individuals.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127960861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of genetic diversity and intercolony relatedness among reproductives in commercial honey bee populations","authors":"D. Tarpy, Joel R. Caren, D. Delaney","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1112898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1112898","url":null,"abstract":"Honey bee colonies are large kin groups, each with a single mother queen and thousands of female workers. Queen bees are highly polyandrous, each mating with an average of approximately 12 drones from other colonies. We used a meta-analysis approach to compare the pedigree relationships of honey bee reproductives (queens and their mates) across five different studies and to quantify the overall genetic diversity of breeding populations. We compared the inferred genotypes of queens and their mates from microsatellite analyses of worker offspring from a feral Africanized honey bee population (which served as a negative control for inbreeding), an experimentally derived population of sister queens (which served as a positive control for inbreeding), and three separate commercially managed populations. We then compared the relatedness of all drones mated to each queen (mate-mate), all queens within each population (queen-queen), each queen with each of her mates (queen-mate), and all drones within each population (drone-drone). We found, as expected, the lowest levels of genetic similarity in the outcrossed population and highest levels of genetic similarity in the inbred population. Levels of genetic similarity among the managed honey bee populations were intermediate but closer to that of the inbred population. Genetic structuring of the entire breeding population resulted in two major subpopulations, likely deriving from breeders on the east and west coast. The effects that these findings have on the overall population genetic diversity of managed honey bees is discussed.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"15 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115085361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"dsRNase1 contribution to dsRNA degradation activity in the Sf9 cells conditioned medium","authors":"Jinmo Koo, S. R. Palli","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1118775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1118775","url":null,"abstract":"RNA interference (RNAi) is inefficient in lepidopteran insects, including Spodoptera frugiperda. RNase activity in the lumen and hemocoel is known to contribute to low RNAi efficiency in these insects. Conditioned medium from Sf9 cells developed from ovaries of S. frugiperda shows high dsRNA degradation activity. But the enzymes responsible for this activity have not been identified. The nuclease genes that are highly expressed in Sf9 cells, REase, RNaseT2, and dsRNase1, were identified. Knockdown of dsRNase1 in Sf9 cells resulted in a reduction of dsRNA degradation activity in the Sf9 cells conditioned medium. Knockdown of dsRNase1 also increased RNAi efficiency in Sf9 cells. The results from these studies identified a major player in dsRNA degradation activity in the Sf9 cells conditioned medium. We also describe an efficient system that can be used to identify other genes responsible for dsRNA degradation and RNAi efficiency in Sf9 cells.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131664640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-CT and deep learning: Modern techniques and applications in insect morphology and neuroscience","authors":"Thorin Jonsson","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2023.1016277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1016277","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in modern imaging and computer technologies have led to a steady rise in the use of micro-computed tomography (µCT) in many biological areas. In zoological research, this fast and non-destructive method for producing high-resolution, two- and three-dimensional images is increasingly being used for the functional analysis of the external and internal anatomy of animals. µCT is hereby no longer limited to the analysis of specific biological tissues in a medical or preclinical context but can be combined with a variety of contrast agents to study form and function of all kinds of tissues and species, from mammals and reptiles to fish and microscopic invertebrates. Concurrently, advances in the field of artificial intelligence, especially in deep learning, have revolutionised computer vision and facilitated the automatic, fast and ever more accurate analysis of two- and three-dimensional image datasets. Here, I want to give a brief overview of both micro-computed tomography and deep learning and present their recent applications, especially within the field of insect science. Furthermore, the combination of both approaches to investigate neural tissues and the resulting potential for the analysis of insect sensory systems, from receptor structures via neuronal pathways to the brain, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134464053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels are activated by functional coupling with stretch-activated nonselective cation channels in cricket myocytes","authors":"T. Numata, Kaori Sato-Numata, M. Yoshino","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2022.1100671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2022.1100671","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative gating of localized ion channels ranges from fine-tuning excitation–contraction coupling in muscle cells to controlling pace-making activity in the heart. Membrane deformation resulting from muscle contraction activates stretch-activated (SA) cation channels. The subsequent Ca2+ influx activates spatially localized Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels to fine-tune spontaneous muscle contraction. To characterize endogenously expressed intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (IK) channels and assess the functional relevance of the extracellular Ca2+ source leading to IK channel activity, we performed patch-clamp techniques on cricket oviduct myocytes and recorded single-channel data. In this study, we first investigated the identification of IK channels that could be distinguished from endogenously expressed large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BK) channels by adding extracellular Ba2+. The single-channel conductance of the IK channel was 62 pS, and its activity increased with increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration but was not voltage-dependent. These results indicated that IK channels are endogenously expressed in cricket oviduct myocytes. Second, the Ca2+ influx pathway that activates the IK channel was investigated. The absence of extracellular Ca2+ or the presence of Gd3+ abolished the activity of IK channels. Finally, we investigated the proximity between SA and IK channels. The removal of extracellular Ca2+, administration of Ca2+ to the microscopic region in a pipette, and application of membrane stretching stimulation increased SA channel activity, followed by IK channel activity. Membrane stretch-induced SA and IK channel activity were positively correlated. However, the emergence of IK channel activity and its increase in response to membrane mechanical stretch was not observed without Ca2+ in the pipette. These results strongly suggest that IK channels are endogenously expressed in cricket oviduct myocytes and that IK channel activity is regulated by neighboring SA channel activity. In conclusion, functional coupling between SA and IK channels may underlie the molecular basis of spontaneous rhythmic contractions.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130781853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of host plant species on instar duration and body weight of nymphal Lycorma delicatula","authors":"Devin Kreitman, M. Keena, A. Nielsen, Georgie Hamilton","doi":"10.3389/finsc.2022.1110480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2022.1110480","url":null,"abstract":"The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is an invasive species of planthopper that was introduced to North America and is a threat to multiple industries. Nymphs and egg masses were collected to assess each instar’s rate of development at a constant temperature of 25°C on the following hosts: Ailanthus altissima (Miller) (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), Vitis labrusca (L.) (Vitales: Vitaceae), Salix babylonica (L.) (Malpighiales: Salicaceae), Acer rubrum (L.) (Sapindales: Sapindaceae), Celastrus orbiculata (Thunberg) (Celastrales: Celastraceae), Ocimum basilicum (L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), and Rosa multiflora (Thunberg) (Rosales: Rosaceae). Host plant species was found to have a significant effect on developmental time for nymphs in the first through third instars, as well as on nymphal survival. Nymphs failed to develop through the second instar on O. basilicum and the third and fourth instars on A. rubrum. Host plant species also had a significant effect on the mean weight of nymphs in the first, second, and fourth instars (but not in the third instar), and on the hind tibia length and forewing width of adult nymphs. This variability in L. delicatula developmental time by host plant species can potentially impact phenology models, which should be updated to reflect these new insights. Rearing practices should also be refined to account for host plant influences on the physiology of L. delicatula.","PeriodicalId":106657,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Insect Science","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114455480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}