The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia最新文献

Hacı Bektaş and his Contested Legacy: The Abdals of Rum, the Bektashi Order and the (Proto-) Kizilbash Communities 哈奇·贝克塔伊和他有争议的遗产:拉姆的阿布达尔人，贝克塔伊秩序和(原)克齐尔巴什社区

The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0004

Ayfer Karakaya-Stump

{"title":"Hacı Bektaş and his Contested Legacy: The Abdals of Rum, the Bektashi Order and the (Proto-) Kizilbash Communities","authors":"Ayfer Karakaya-Stump","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 3 takes up the issue of the relationship between the Kizilbash/Alevi communities and the Bektashi order, tracing its roots to their common association with the cult of Hacı Bektaş and their shared links to the Abdals of Rum. This chapter challenges Köprülü’s conjecture of an insular Turkish folk Islam transferred under the cover of the Yesevi Sufi order from Central Asia to Anatolia, and inherited in its new home by successive heterodox circles within a linear evolutionary scheme; it was purported to have passed from the Yeseviyye to the Abdals of Rum, an itinerant dervish group active in late medieval Anatolia, and from them onto the better institutionalized Bektashi order. Within this framework, Köprülü treated the Kizilbash/Alevis as lay followers of the Bektashi order. Evidence emerging from Alevi sources complicates this picture. They disclose no evidence of a Yesevi connection. Nor do they validate Köprülü’s view of the Alevis as lay followers of the Bektashi order. While they do confirm the closely intertwined trajectories of the two affiliations, their interactions and eventual partial fusion appear to have involved a much more contested process than presumed by Köprülü, tensions crystallizing especially around the spiritual legacy of Hacı Bektaş.","PeriodicalId":106563,"journal":{"name":"The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132428415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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From Persecution to Confessionalisation: Consolidation of the Kizilbash/Alevi Identity in Ottoman Anatolia 从迫害到忏悔:奥斯曼安纳托利亚的克孜尔巴什/阿列维身份的巩固

The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0007

Ayfer Karakaya-Stump

{"title":"From Persecution to Confessionalisation: Consolidation of the Kizilbash/Alevi Identity in Ottoman Anatolia","authors":"Ayfer Karakaya-Stump","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Alevi documents that were issued by Ottoman authorities recognising related families as Sufi dervishes and/or sayyids form a point of departure of the analysis in this chapter that focuses on relations between the Ottoman state and the Kizilbash communities. While such documents might be interpreted simply as manifestations of Ottoman religious tolerance and administrative pragmatism, this chapter approaches them in the light of the key argument of this book that emphasises the Sufi genealogies of Kizilbash/Alevi saintly lineages. In assessing relations between the Ottoman state and the Kizilbash communities, a special emphasis is placed on the sixteenth-century Kizilbash persecutions and their ruinous impact on the Sufi infrastructure of the Kizilbash milieu. I contend that the persecutory measures employed against the Kizilbash, rather than being viewed within such binaries as tolerance versus intolerance and politics versus religion, ought to be understood in connection to a range of other developments in Ottoman history, including most importantly the process of Sunni confessionalisation that entailed the demarcation of boundaries of acceptable Sufism. Pressures for confessionalisation would also pave the way for Kizilbashism to evolve from a social movement comprising a diverse range of groups and actors into a relatively coherent and self-conscious socio-religious collectivity.","PeriodicalId":106563,"journal":{"name":"The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117158224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The Iraq Connection: Abu’l-Wafaʾ Taj al-ʿArifin and the Wafaʾi Tradition 伊拉克的联系:阿布·瓦法·泰姬·阿里芬和瓦法·尼传统

The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0002

Ayfer Karakaya-Stump

{"title":"The Iraq Connection: Abu’l-Wafaʾ Taj al-ʿArifin and the Wafaʾi Tradition","authors":"Ayfer Karakaya-Stump","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In the oldest cluster of the recently surfaced Kizilbash/Alevi documents(mainly Sufi diplomas (ijāzas) and genealogies (shajaras), or fragments thereof(Abu’l-Wafaʾ Taj al-ʿArifin, the eponym of the Wafaʾi order, is frequently named as a familial and/or spiritual progenitor. The story of the Wafaʾiyya, which one rarely encounters in histories of Islamic mysticism, began in eleventh-century Iraq, but its Iraqi branch seems to have faded away over a few generations, leaving behind no permanent imprints. Chapters 1 and 2 address the implications of the historical affinity of some of the most prominent Alevi saintly lineages with the Wafaʾi Sufi tradition. Chapter 1 presents a selective overview of the life and spiritual legacy of Abu’l-Wafaʾ, based on the hagiography of the saint and other near-contemporary Sufi narratives. It underlines the difficulty of categorizing the saint and his spiritual legacy along the lines of conventional binaries of Sunni versus Shiʿi and “heterodox” versus “orthodox.” This chapter makes the point that the metadoxic outlook of the Babaʾi milieu in medieval Anatolia, as well as many components of Kizilbashism-Alevism, explained on the basis of pre-Islamic survivals in the conventional literature, in fact had their parallels and antecedents in the early Wafaʾi milieu.","PeriodicalId":106563,"journal":{"name":"The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129733445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Conclusion 结论

The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0008

Ayfer Karakaya-Stump

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Mysticism and Imperial Politics: The Safavids and the Making of the Kizilbash Milieu 神秘主义与帝国政治:萨法维王朝与克孜尔巴什环境的形成

The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0006

Ayfer Karakaya-Stump

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The Forgotten Forefathers: Wafaʾi Dervishes in Medieval Anatolia 被遗忘的祖先:中世纪安纳托利亚的僧侣

The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0003

Ayfer Karakaya-Stump

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A Transregional Kizilbash Network: The Iraqi Shrine Cities and their Kizilbash Visitors 跨区域的Kizilbash网络:伊拉克圣地城市和他们的Kizilbash游客

The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0005

Ayfer Karakaya-Stump

{"title":"A Transregional Kizilbash Network: The Iraqi Shrine Cities and their Kizilbash Visitors","authors":"Ayfer Karakaya-Stump","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474432689.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"A notable revelation of the Alevi sources regarding the relationship between the Kizilbash/Alevi communities and the Bektashi order is the relatively institutionalized relations between the Kizilbash/Alevi saintly lineages and a group of (would be-) Bektashi convents in Iraq that acted as liaisons between the Safavids and their Kizilbash followers in Anatolia. The hub of this network was a convent in Karbala that originally belonged to the Abdals of Rum, but that was eventually appropriated by the Bektashi order. Many Alevi documents were issued or renewed there. Focusing on this convent and relations that developed around it, this chapter attempts to shed further light on Alevi-Bektashi symbiosis, and the evolution of the Alevi ocak system on the basis of a set of informal networks connecting the Safavids, the Bektashis and the Kizilbash/Alevi communities. It was only through the course of the nineteenth century, when the policies of the Ottoman state undermined the powerbase of the local sayyid families and abrogated the institutional identity of the convents that this long-standing network began to lose its vibrancy and eventually collapsed. This, in turn, heralded a process whereby the Alevi-Bektashi milieu gradually lost its transregional character and came to be confined largely to Anatolia.","PeriodicalId":106563,"journal":{"name":"The Kizilbash-Alevis in Ottoman Anatolia","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128022161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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