Contemporary clinical trials最新文献

{"title":"Preventable sources of bias in subgroup analyses and secondary outcomes of randomized trials","authors":"Isaac Núñez ,&nbsp;Pablo F. Belaunzarán-Zamudio","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for determining treatment efficacy in medicine. To deter harmful practices such as p-hacking and hypothesizing after the results are known, any analysis of subgroups and secondary outcomes must be documented and pre-specified. However, they can still introduce bias (and routinely do) if they are not treated with the same consideration as the primary analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We describe several sources of bias that affect subgroup and secondary outcome analyses using published randomized trials and causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We use the RECOVERY and START trials to elucidate sources of bias in analyses of subgroups and secondary outcomes. Chance imbalance can occur if the distribution of prognostic variables is not sought for any given subgroup analysis as for the main analysis. This differential distribution of prognostic variables can also occur in analyses of secondary outcomes. Selection bias can occur if the subgroup variable is causally related to staying in the trial. Given loss to follow up is not normally addressed in subgroups, attrition bias can pass unnoticed in these cases. In every case, the solution is to take the same considerations for these analyses as we do for primary analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Approval of treatments and clinical decisions can occur based on results from subgroup or secondary outcome analyses. Thus, it is important to give them the same treatment as primary analyses to avoid preventable biases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10636,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary clinical trials","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing goals of care conversations in primary care: Study protocol for a cluster randomized, pragmatic, sequential multiple assignment randomized trial","authors":"David B. Bekelman ,&nbsp;Karleen Giannitrapani ,&nbsp;Kristin A. Linn ,&nbsp;Paula Langner ,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Sudore ,&nbsp;Borsika Rabin ,&nbsp;Karl A. Lorenz ,&nbsp;Marybeth Foglia ,&nbsp;Amanda Glickman ,&nbsp;Scott Pawlikowski ,&nbsp;Marilyn Sloan ,&nbsp;Raziel C. Gamboa ,&nbsp;Matthew D. McCaa ,&nbsp;Anne Hines ,&nbsp;Anne M. Walling","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Goals of care conversations explore seriously ill patients' values to guide medical decision making and often inform decisions about life sustaining treatments. Ideally, conversations occur before a health crisis between patients and clinicians in the outpatient setting. In the United States Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system, most conversations still occur in the inpatient setting. Strategies are needed to improve implementation of outpatient, primary care goals of care conversations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We plan a cluster randomized (clinician-level) sequential, multiple assignment randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of patient implementation strategies on the outcome of goals of care conversation documentation when delivered in combination with clinician implementation strategies. Across three VA healthcare system sites, we will enroll primary care clinicians with low rates of goals of care conversations and their patients with serious medical illness in the top 10th percentile of risk of hospitalization or death. We will compare the effectiveness of sequences of implementation strategies and explore how patient and site factors modify implementation strategy effects. Finally, we will conduct a mixed-methods evaluation to understand implementation strategy success or failure. The design includes two key innovations: (1) strategies that target both clinicians and patients and (2) sequential strategies with increased intensity for non-responders.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study aims to determine the effect of different sequences and combinations of implementation strategies on primary care documentation of goals of care conversations. Study partners, including the VA National Center for Ethics in Health Care and Office of Primary Care, can consider policies based on study findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10636,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary clinical trials","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community collaboration to advance racial/ethnic equity in colorectal Cancer screening: Protocol for a multilevel intervention to improve screening and follow-up in community Health centers","authors":"Folasade P. May ,&nbsp;Suzanne Brodney ,&nbsp;Jessica J. Tuan ,&nbsp;Sapna Syngal ,&nbsp;Andrew T. Chan ,&nbsp;Beth Glenn ,&nbsp;Gina Johnson ,&nbsp;Yuchiao Chang ,&nbsp;David A. Drew ,&nbsp;Beverly Moy ,&nbsp;Nicolette J. Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Erica T. Warner ,&nbsp;Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa ,&nbsp;Chinedu Ukaegbu ,&nbsp;Anjelica Q. Davis ,&nbsp;Kimberly Schoolcraft ,&nbsp;Susan Regan ,&nbsp;Nathan Yoguez ,&nbsp;Samantha Kuney ,&nbsp;Kelley Le Beaux ,&nbsp;Jennifer S. Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening utilization is low among low-income, uninsured, and minority populations that receive care in community health centers (CHCs). There is a need for evidence-based interventions to increase screening and follow-up care in these settings.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A multilevel, multi-component pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial is being conducted at 8 CHCs in two metropolitan areas (Boston and Los Angeles), with two arms: (1) Mailed FIT outreach with text reminders, and (2) Mailed FIT-DNA with patient support. We also include an additional CHC in Rapid City (South Dakota) that follows a parallel protocol for FIT-DNA but is not randomized due to lack of a comparison group. Eligible individuals in participating clinics are primary care patients ages 45–75, at average-risk for CRC, and overdue for CRC screening. Participants with abnormal screening results are offered navigation for follow-up colonoscopy and CRC risk assessment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The primary outcome is the completion rate of CRC screening at 90 days. Secondary outcomes include the screening completion rate at 180 days and the rate of colonoscopy completion within 6 months among participants with an abnormal result. Additional goals are to enhance our understanding of facilitators and barriers to CRC risk assessment in CHC settings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study assesses the effectiveness of two multilevel interventions to increase screening participation and follow-up after abnormal screening in under-resourced clinical settings, informing future efforts to address CRC disparities.</p></div><div><h3>Trial Registration</h3><p><span><span>NCT05714644</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":10636,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary clinical trials","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551714424002222/pdfft?md5=36193f3e877a491f1af242e53e7b3adc&pid=1-s2.0-S1551714424002222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationale and design of a randomized controlled clinical trial of a resilience-building intervention in adults with congenital heart disease","authors":"Jill M. Steiner ,&nbsp;Arisa Rei Marshall ,&nbsp;Adrienne H. Kovacs ,&nbsp;Ruth A. Engelberg ,&nbsp;Lyndia Brumback ,&nbsp;Karen K. Stout ,&nbsp;Chris T. Longenecker ,&nbsp;Joyce P. Yi-Frazier ,&nbsp;Abby R. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are at risk for lower quality of life (QOL) and psychological health. Behavioral interventions to meet their psychosocial needs are lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of implementing the Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM) intervention in ACHD and its efficacy in increasing resilience in this population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We designed a phase II randomized <strong>controlled</strong> clinical trial of patients with moderate or complex ACHD, physiological stages C or D. Enrolled participants will be randomized to receive PRISM or usual care. PRISM is a manualized, skills-based behavioral intervention comprised of four one-on-one sessions targeting resilience resources (stress-management, goal-setting, cognitive reframing, meaning making), an optional session on advance care planning, and a facilitated family meeting. Participants in both groups will complete study questionnaires at enrollment and 3-months later. The primary aim is to describe feasibility, namely the proportions of patients who a) enroll in the study among those eligible, and b) complete the PRISM intervention among those randomized to that arm. We will also evaluate PRISM's efficacy by using linear regression models to compare changes in mean resilience scores between assigned groups. In exploratory analyses, we will evaluate effects on QOL, psychological distress, perceived competence for health care management, and comfort with advance care planning.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This study will provide rigorous evidence to determine the feasibility and efficacy of a brief intervention to promote resilience and psychosocial health in ACHD. Findings may guide the development of a future multi-site effectiveness study.</p><p>Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04738474.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10636,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary clinical trials","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Protocol: Predicting the Quality of Response to Specific Treatments (PQRST) in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease","authors":"Betty K. Hamilton ,&nbsp;Lynn Onstad ,&nbsp;Paul A. Carpenter ,&nbsp;Joseph Pidala ,&nbsp;Najla El Jurdi ,&nbsp;Nosha Farhadfar ,&nbsp;Carrie L. Kitko ,&nbsp;Catherine J. Lee ,&nbsp;Rohtesh Mehta ,&nbsp;George L. Chen ,&nbsp;Corey Cutler ,&nbsp;Stephanie J. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a leading cause of late morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Despite significant progress in chronic GVHD therapies, challenges remain in understanding pleomorphic phenotypes and varying response to treatment. The goal of the Predicting the Quality of Response to Specific Treatments (PQRST) in chronic GVHD study is to identify predictors of treatment response. This report describing the study design seeks to raise awareness and invite collaborations with investigators who wish to access clinical data and research samples from this study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a prospective, observational cohort study involving data collection from patients who are beginning first-, second-, or third-line systemic therapy for chronic GVHD with defined agents. Evaluable participants will have baseline assessments and research samples prior to starting the index therapy, and 1 month after starting treatment. Response assessments occur at 3 and 6 months after start of treatment, or if a new systemic therapy is started before 6 months. Target enrollment is approximately 200 patients at 8 institutions, with at least 6 months of follow up to determine response to index therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Enrollment started in July 2020 and was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic; as of 3/1/2024, 137 evaluable participants have been enrolled.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The Chronic GVHD Consortium “PQRST” is a large longitudinal cohort study that aims to investigate predictors of treatment response by identifying biologically and clinically defined patient subgroups. We welcome investigators to collaborate in the use of these data.</p><p>Trial registration: <span><span>NCT04431479</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":10636,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary clinical trials","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 107637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551714424002209/pdfft?md5=bf076c214101bcb5c5720f626e0e4992&pid=1-s2.0-S1551714424002209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remotely-delivered exercise training program for improving physical and cognitive functions among older adults with multiple sclerosis: Protocol for an NIH stage-I randomized controlled trial","authors":"Peixuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Shane A. Phillips ,&nbsp;Jennifer Duffecy ,&nbsp;Sydney R. DeJonge ,&nbsp;Noah G. DuBose ,&nbsp;Robert W. Motl","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) present with low physical activity participation, cognitive and ambulatory dysfunctions, and compromised quality of life (QOL).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We propose a NIH Stage-I, randomized controlled trial (RCT) that examines the feasibility and efficacy of a 16-week theory-based, remotely-delivered, exercise training program for improving cognitive and physical functions in older adults with MS who have moderate mobility disability without severe cognitive impairment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This Stage-I study utilizes a parallel-group RCT design. Participants (<em>N</em> = 50; age ≥ 50 years) will be randomly assigned into exercise training (combined aerobic and resistance exercise) or active control (flexibility and stretching) conditions. The conditions will be undertaken within a participant's home/community over a 16-week period, and monitored remotely and supported by Zoom-based chats guided by social cognitive theory (SCT) via a behavioral coach. Participants will receive training manuals and equipment, one-on-one behavioral coaching, action-planning calendars, self-monitoring logs, and SCT-based newsletters. The primary outcomes include feasibility (e.g., recruitment and retention rates), exercise behavior and physical activity; other outcomes include physical function (lower-extremity function, mobility, walking), cognition (processing speed, learning and memory, executive function), MS symptoms, QOL, and vascular function. We will collect outcome data at baseline (Week 0), post-intervention (Week 16), and follow-up (Week-32). Data analysis will follow intent-to-treat principles using linear mixed-effects models.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This Stage-I trial adopts an innovative approach for exercise training via telerehabilitation and is convenient and accessible for older adults with MS. If successful, the study will provide foundations for future research using remotely-delivered exercise intervention for managing the consequences of aging with MS.</p><p><strong>Trial Registration Number:</strong> <span><span>NCT05930821</span><svg><path></path></svg></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":10636,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary clinical trials","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551714424002192/pdfft?md5=74cc5f30575daf40aba29ae8b3e5a070&pid=1-s2.0-S1551714424002192-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating an acceptance-based lifestyle modification program to address cardiovascular disease risk among adolescent girls with overweight and obesity: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Stephanie M. Manasse ,&nbsp;Jannah R. Moussaoui ,&nbsp;Elizabeth W. Lampe ,&nbsp;Kristal L. Brown ,&nbsp;Fengqing Zhang ,&nbsp;David M. Janicke ,&nbsp;Leon McCrea ,&nbsp;Michelle I. Cardel ,&nbsp;Meghan L. Butryn","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Behavioral weight loss interventions achieve only limited weight loss in adolescent samples and weight regain is common. This limited intervention success may be attributed, in part, to adolescents' lack of self-regulation skills essential for lifestyle modification and use of a one-size fits-all approach to produce weight loss in boys and girls. Interventions which teach self-regulation skills, such as Acceptance-Based Therapy (ABT), and are tailored to meet gender-specific concerns, are critical to help adolescents adapt to pervasive biological and environmental influences toward weight gain.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This trial tests the effect of an ABT intervention on cardiometabolic health, health-related behaviors, and psychological factors among adolescent girls with overweight or obesity (OW/OB).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Girls 14–19 years (<em>N</em> = 148; ≥ 40% racial/ethnic minorities) with OW/OB (BMI: ≥ 85th percentile) will be enrolled in the study. Participants will be randomized to one of two 6-month interventions, consisting of either 18 sessions of ABT or 9 sessions of a health education control, an augmented version of standard care for adolescent OW/OB, both led by bachelor's level interventionists.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Recruitment is taking place in Philadelphia, <strong>USA</strong>, from January 2024 to January 2028. Cardiometabolic health markers (adiposity; blood pressure; blood lipids), health-related behaviors (dietary intake; physical activity; sleep), and psychological factors (quality of life; depression; disordered eating; psychological flexibility) will be measured at baseline, mid-treatment, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study will provide valuable information on a novel intervention tailored to the needs of adolescent girls with OW/OB to address self-regulation and cardiometabolic health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10636,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary clinical trials","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating young adult cannabis use disorder with text message-delivered peer network counseling","authors":"Nikola Zaharakis ,&nbsp;J. Douglas Coatsworth ,&nbsp;Nathaniel R. Riggs ,&nbsp;Aubrie Radford ,&nbsp;Stephanie Rayburn ,&nbsp;Jeremy Mennis ,&nbsp;Michael A. Russell ,&nbsp;Aaron Brown ,&nbsp;Michael J. Mason","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Approximately 16.5% of U.S. young adults have a cannabis use disorder (CUD) and are at risk for negative outcomes. Treatment can reduce cannabis use, but young adults are less likely to seek help than older adults. Peer Network Counseling-txt (PNC-txt) is a brief, text-delivered, Motivational Interviewing-informed substance use intervention focusing on peer relations and activity spaces as mechanisms for behavioral change. PNC-txt has shown evidence of reducing tobacco and cannabis use with adolescents and young adults, but it has not been tested in the context of legal cannabis use. The current randomized controlled trial sought to expand the evidence regarding the context of PNC-txt effects, comparing one state in which cannabis is legal (Colorado) and one state in which it is not (Tennessee). We hypothesized that participants randomized to PNC-txt would show significant reductions in cannabis use compared to controls, with larger reductions for females and those in Colorado, and that peer relations and activity space would mediate effects.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>One thousand, seventy eight 18–25 year olds (CO: 551; TN: 527) who met screening criteria for CUD and biologically-verified cannabis use were randomly assigned to PNC-txt or waitlist control condition. Every other day for 4 weeks, participants assigned to PNC-txt received pre-programmed text conversations, tailored via data from the baseline assessment. Self-report and biological indicators of cannabis use were measured at 1-, 3-, and 6-months.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Data analysis is underway. Results will provide evidence regarding whether, and how, PNC-txt reduces cannabis use in young adults with CUD.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>This trial was prospectively registered on September 28, 2020 with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (<span><span>NCT04567394</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10636,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary clinical trials","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and rationale for a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of a lifestyle physical activity intervention for people with HIV and engaged in unhealthy drinking","authors":"Ana M. Abrantes ,&nbsp;Erin Ferguson ,&nbsp;Michael D. Stein ,&nbsp;Kara M. Magane ,&nbsp;Sarah Fielman ,&nbsp;Skylar Karzhevsky ,&nbsp;Amanda Flanagan ,&nbsp;Robert Siebers ,&nbsp;Lisa M. Quintiliani","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Among people living with HIV (PLWH), unhealthy drinking presents an increased risk for negative outcomes. Physical inactivity and sedentariness raise additional health risks. Despite evidence that physical activity (PA) is associated with improved physical and mental functioning and reduced alcohol cravings, there have been no PA studies conducted with PLWH engaged in unhealthy drinking. We describe a study protocol of a remote lifestyle physical activity (LPA) intervention to increase PA and reduce alcohol consumption among PLWH.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using online advertisements, 220 low-active PLWH engaged in unhealthy drinking will be recruited and randomized nationwide. After providing informed consent and completing a baseline interview, participants will receive a Fitbit. Participants will complete 15 days of ecologic momentary assessment through a phone application and up to 15 days of Fitbit wear time. Following this period, participants will be randomly assigned to a Fitbit-only control condition or a LPA and Fitbit intervention condition. Health counselors meet with control participants once (and have 6 subsequent brief check ins on Fibit use) and with intervention participants 7 times for PA counseling over a 12-week period. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 3- and 6-months post-randomization. We hypothesize that individuals in the LPA and Fitbit condition will have lower rates of alcohol consumption and higher rates of PA at 6-month follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The randomized controlled trial described in this paper investigates remote methods to influence multimorbidity among PLWH using a LPA approach for increasing PA and reducing alcohol consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10636,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary clinical trials","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underrepresentation of black individuals in pivotal trials for novel anticancer drugs: Potential consequence of using estimated creatinine clearance to assess kidney function?","authors":"Morgan A. Butrovich ,&nbsp;Allison C. Reaves ,&nbsp;Jamie Heyward ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Moore ,&nbsp;G. Caleb Alexander ,&nbsp;Lesley A. Inker ,&nbsp;Thomas D. Nolin","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cct.2024.107631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Black individuals are historically underrepresented in oncology clinical trials. One potential reason for this is the prevalence of kidney disease in Black individuals, utilization of estimated creatinine clearance as a surrogate for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in oncology, and GFR-based trial eligibility criteria. We characterized the representation of racial minorities in anticancer agent pivotal trials and examined if GFR-based trial eligibility criteria impact the proportion of Black individuals in trial populations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We constructed a data repository for anticancer drugs FDA-approved from 2015 to 2019 and associated pivotal trials, from which we extracted trial population racial compositions and GFR-based trial eligibility criteria. We calculated the participation-to-incidence ratio (PIR) and participation-to-mortality ratio (PMR) for a variety of cancer sites, where PIR or PMR &gt;1.2 and &lt;0.8 indicate overrepresentation and underrepresentation, respectively. We evaluated the relationship between GFR eligibility cutoffs and the proportion of Black enrollees with Spearman rank correlation coefficient.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We assessed 24,698 patients in 74 trials. Black individuals were underrepresented in all trials (PIR ≤0.48, PMR ≤0.50). For trials with GFR-based eligibility criteria (<em>n</em> = 49), a lower GFR cutoff was modestly associated with a higher proportion of Black enrollees (<em>r</em> = −0.29, <em>p</em> = 0.039). This relationship was strengthened for trials that only used estimated creatinine clearance to estimate GFR (<em>r</em> = −0.43, <em>p</em> = 0.004).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>GFR-related eligibility, and specifically the use of estimated creatinine clearance, may contribute to Black individuals being disproportionately excluded from cancer clinical trials. This highlights the need for implementation of contemporary GFR equations and other interventions to boost racial minority trial enrollment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10636,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary clinical trials","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 107631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551714424002143/pdfft?md5=ca4affbde7e96d6a559f480b25968e30&pid=1-s2.0-S1551714424002143-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}