Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology最新文献_第5页

Cardiovascular control in Antarctic notothenioid fishes 南极脊索鱼类的心血管控制

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86789-8

William Davison , Michael Axelsson , Stefan Nilsson , Malcolm E. Forster

{"title":"Cardiovascular control in Antarctic notothenioid fishes","authors":"William Davison , Michael Axelsson , Stefan Nilsson , Malcolm E. Forster","doi":"10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86789-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86789-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The temperatures in the polar oceans are not only low, but also relatively stable. Blood becomes more viscous at cold temperatures and it is assumed that this increase of viscosity is responsible for a number of adaptations of the cardiovascular system. The Antarctic Nototheniids show large changes in haematocrit compared to other fishes, and this phenomenon may be related to the high viscosity of their blood at low temperatures. Reduction of the haematocrit will reduce the viscosity, and thus diminish cardiac work. Indeed, one group (the “icefish,” Channichthydae) has disposed of erythrocytes altogether.The cholinergic tonus on the heart is remarkably high under “resting” conditions—up to 80% in the bottom-dwelling Trematomus bemacchii—and changes in cardiac performance appear to depend chiefly on modulation of this tonus, rather than activity in excitatory (adrenergic) fibres. Sequestering of erythrocytes by the spleen is a major factor in the reduction of haematocrit, and cholinergic autonomic nerves control release of these cells to increase haematocrit during periods of demand. Thus, the studies of the autonomic control of the heart and spleen of the Antarctic fish show that these are unusual among fishes in that both organs appear more or less solely cholinergically controlled.</div>","PeriodicalId":10612,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology","volume":"118 4","pages":"Pages 1001-1008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86789-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72261201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Cytogenetics of the Antarctic icefish Champsocephalus gunnari Lönnberg, 1905 (Channichthyidae, Notothenioidei) 南极冰鱼Champsocephalus gunnari Lönnberg的细胞遗传学，1905年（Channichthyidae，Notothenioidei）

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86797-7

E. Pisano , C. Ozouf-Costaz , C. Bonillo , A. Caimo , S. Rossetti , R. Williams

{"title":"Cytogenetics of the Antarctic icefish Champsocephalus gunnari Lönnberg, 1905 (Channichthyidae, Notothenioidei)","authors":"E. Pisano , C. Ozouf-Costaz , C. Bonillo , A. Caimo , S. Rossetti , R. Williams","doi":"10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86797-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86797-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Traditional karyotyping and molecular cytogenetic techniques were used to study the chromosomes of Champsocephalus gunnari from the Indian Sector of the Antarctic Ocean. C. gunnari has 24 pairs of chromosomes, giving a diploid number of 48. Most are acrocentric, six are metacentric and submetacentric and the level of divergence from the supposed ancestral notothenioid karyotype remains low. The chromosomal features of this icefish do not differ very much from those of the other channichthyids, the karyotypic macrostructure being kept stable in these fishes. Although providing relevant basic biological information, traditional cytogenetics do not allow a significant comparative analysis between species in this notothenioid family. Molecular cytogenetic techniques such as in situ hybridization have been successfully used on C. gunnari, opening new opportunities for a deeper characterization of Antarctic fish chromosomes. The in situ location of specific DNA sequences could provide valuable new information for phylogenetic reconstruction, and shed light on the relationship between chromosome change and the evolutionary process.</div>","PeriodicalId":10612,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology","volume":"118 4","pages":"Pages 1087-1094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86797-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72261203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Volume contents, subject, and author index for vol. 118A 第118A卷的卷内容、主题和作者索引

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86808-9

引用次数: 0

Effect of diet on the biochemical composition of Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) under natural and rearing conditions (effect of diet on biochemical composition of urchins) 自然和饲养条件下饲料对海胆生化成分的影响(饲料对海胆生化成分的影响)

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00221-1

C. Fernandez

引用次数: 58

Effects of hypoxia and toxicant exposure on phosphoarginine, intracellular pH, and free Mg2+ in abalone as measured by 31P-NMR 缺氧和毒物暴露对鲍鱼体内磷酸甘氨酸、细胞内pH和游离Mg2+的影响

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00061-3

Scott L. Shofer , James A. Willis , Ronald S. Tjeerdema

{"title":"Effects of hypoxia and toxicant exposure on phosphoarginine, intracellular pH, and free Mg2+ in abalone as measured by 31P-NMR","authors":"Scott L. Shofer , James A. Willis , Ronald S. Tjeerdema","doi":"10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00061-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00061-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The effects of hypoxia, sodium azide and pentachlorophenol (PCP) exposure on high-energy phosphorylated compounds, intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular free Mg2+ (Mgf) in intact red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) were determined using 31P-NMR. Abalone made hypoxic by bubbling sea water with N2 showed modest changes in phosphoarginine (PA) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations, no significant changes in pHi and a moderate decrease in Mgf that was not statistically significant. Azide (50 mg/l) exposed animals displayed severe declines in PA dropping to 0.53 of reference values, coupled with large increases in Pi to 10.66 times resting concentrations that occurred just after the 2-hr exposure period. pHi also showed significant declines from a resting value of 7.17-7.06 (P < 0.05) but fully recovered by the end of the 6-hr clean seawater recovery period, whereas Mgf concentrations declined slightly during the exposure period but increased by 18% at the end of the recovery period relative to reference Mgf. PCP (1.2 mg/l) exposed animals displayed similar increases and declines in Pi and PA, respectively, as did azide-exposed animals by the end of the exposure period, but recovery was much slower and occurred in a bimodal fashion with some animals completely recovering at the end of 6 hr and others essentially stabilized at the end of the exposure period and did not show any significant changes during the recovery period.</div>","PeriodicalId":10612,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology","volume":"118 4","pages":"Pages 1183-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00061-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79517700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Digestive enzyme activities of Penaeus notialis during reproduction and moulting cycle 中国对虾繁殖和换毛过程中消化酶活性的研究

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86802-8

Isis Fernández, M. Oliva, O. Carrillo, A. Wormhoudt

引用次数: 39

Effect of temperature on the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase in entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) 温度对昆虫病原线虫葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶和己糖激酶活性的影响

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00034-0

Ganpat B. Jagdale , Roger Gordon

{"title":"Effect of temperature on the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase in entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae)","authors":"Ganpat B. Jagdale , Roger Gordon","doi":"10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00034-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00034-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The kinetic properties of two metabolic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase, were studied in four strains of entomopathogenic nematodes that had been recycled for two years at various temperatures: Steinernema feltiae NF strain, Steinernema feltiae Umeå strain, Steinernema carpocapsae All strain, Steinernema riobravis TX strain. The recycling temperatures influenced the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase in an adaptive fashion in all the strains. At each assay temperature (5–35°C), the maximum specific activity of both the enzymes was greater in the nematodes that had been recycled at lower temperatures than in those reared at higher temperatures. In three enzyme-nematode strain combinations, the lowest Km values measured at each assay temperature occurred in nematodes that had been recycled at the lower temperatures. However, the assay temperatures at which the minimum Km values occurred were ≥15°C. The capacities of these nematodes to adjust to different recycling temperatures is discussed in relation to the physiological mechanisms involved.</div>","PeriodicalId":10612,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology","volume":"118 4","pages":"Pages 1151-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00034-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20428872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Regulation of body water balance in reedfrogs (superspecies Hyperolius viridiflavus and Hyperolius marmoratus: Amphibia, anura, hyperoliidae) living in unpredictably varying savannah environments 生活在不可预测变化的草原环境中的芦苇蛙(超级种:绿叶芦苇蛙和毛毛芦苇蛙:两栖类、无尾动物、芦苇蛙科)体内水分平衡的调节

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86804-1

R. Schmuck, K.E. Linsenmair

{"title":"Regulation of body water balance in reedfrogs (superspecies Hyperolius viridiflavus and Hyperolius marmoratus: Amphibia, anura, hyperoliidae) living in unpredictably varying savannah environments","authors":"R. Schmuck, K.E. Linsenmair","doi":"10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86804-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86804-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The regulation of body water balance was examined in the reedfrogs Hyperolius marmoratus taeniatus and Hyperolius viridiflavus ommatostictus. Temperature and stage of post-metamorphic development significantly affected the rate of water uptake. Hydrated reedfrogs prevented hyperhydration by voiding diluted urine when obtaining water. Within 48 hr after rehydration, body fluid osmolality remained at low levels, which may be supportive to counter excessive cutaneous water influx in hydrated frogs. Once evaporative water loss exceeded 10–12% total body mass, reedfrogs became anuric. The rate of water uptake strongly increased with increasing body water deficit. Both the anuric response and the increased rate of water uptake are assumed to strongly enhance the efficacy of using very briefly available water sources during dry-period conditions. Dry-adapted and estivating reedfrogs survived evaporative water losses between 40 and 55% total body mass. Bladder fluid stores contributed substantially to this desiccation tolerance. During a 16-day period of desiccation, H. v. ommatostictus could replace approximately 25% of evaporative water loss from the bladder fluid store. During desiccation, the level of free amino acids selectively increased in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue, which may support cell volume regulation and/or protect cellular structures from osmotic stresses. Even strongly dehydrated reedfrogs rehydrated quickly with no obvious osmoregulatory problem. Rehydration was associated with a higher than expected decrease of free amino acids in the gastrocnemius muscle tissue, a response that may help to protect cells from bursting during fast rehydration.</div>","PeriodicalId":10612,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology","volume":"118 4","pages":"Pages 1335-1352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86804-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20429494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Comparative Physiology of the l-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway: An Overview of a Symposium at the 4th International Congress of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, 1995 l-精氨酸-一氧化氮途径的比较生理学:第四届国际比较生理与生物化学大会研讨会综述，1995

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00021-2

Maurice R. Elphick , René Schleiffer

引用次数: 4

Different binding activities of A- and B-type natriuretic hormones in the heart of two Antarctic teleosts, the red-blooded Trematomus bernacchii and the hemoglobinless Chionodraco hamatus☆ 两种南极硬骨鱼(血螯虾和无血红蛋白螯虾)心脏A型和b型利钠激素结合活性的差异

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology Pub Date : 1997-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(97)86788-6

M. Cerra, M. Canonaco, R. Acierno, B. Tota

引用次数: 21