Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal最新文献_第5页

The New Social Media Paradox: A Symbol of Self-Determination or a Boon for Big Brother? 新的社交媒体悖论:自决的象征还是老大哥的福音?

Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-08-02 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2122939

Sara M. Smyth

{"title":"The New Social Media Paradox: A Symbol of Self-Determination or a Boon for Big Brother?","authors":"Sara M. Smyth","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2122939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2122939","url":null,"abstract":"In the past ten years or so, mobile phone and Internet technologies have been instrumental in nearly every instance where people have gathered to demand political reform. With the help of ‘new social media’ applications, like Facebook and Twitter, Internet and mobile phone users can conduct real-time exchanges with millions of people across the globe. Following the Introduction, this Article begins, in Part II, with a discussion of how these tools were used by protesters around the world in 2011. Part III discusses how the same tools were used by governments, both democratic and authoritarian, to respond to the violence and mayhem during that year. In Part IV, I turn to a discussion of the relevant policy concerns, first in the American, then the Canadian, legal contexts. It is significant that Canada is the first country to complete an extensive investigation into Facebook’s privacy practices. As a result, Facebook users across the world now enjoy stronger privacy protections for their personal information, in terms of how it is collected, used and disclosed. In conclusion, in Part V, I note that this case has important implications for other online social networking sites, even those based in other countries, which are collecting and using the personal information of Canadians in a way that does not comport with Canadian privacy laws.","PeriodicalId":106035,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133238213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Food, Hunger and Technology 食物、饥饿和科技

Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-07-27 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2118749

Rebecca M. Bratspies

引用次数: 0

Commercial Marriage Trafficking: Uncovering a Growing New Form of Transnational Human Trafficking, and Shaping International Law to Respond 商业婚姻贩卖:揭露一种日益增长的跨国人口贩卖新形式，并制定应对的国际法

Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-07-15 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2122859

D. Maclean

{"title":"Commercial Marriage Trafficking: Uncovering a Growing New Form of Transnational Human Trafficking, and Shaping International Law to Respond","authors":"D. Maclean","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2122859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2122859","url":null,"abstract":"In both the developing and the developed world, a rising demand for brides has led to an increase in marriage migration. As those who migrate for international marriages seek better lives, they become targets for criminal groups engaged in human trafficking. Unfortunately, international law on human trafficking, created as a floor for coordinated action, has become a ceiling; its silence on forced marriage has resulted in little movement on the international or domestic levels to tackle this growing new crime. As a result, marriage migrants, and even some who migrate for labor, are left at the mercy of commercial marriage traffickers. Drawing from work conducted at the United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking, this article uncovers the new phenomenon of commercial marriage trafficking, the conceptual gaps in international law that impede effective responses, and how those gaps can be successfully addressed. The article first introduces the definition of human trafficking under international law, discussing the crime in the context of marriage migration. Failures of international law to address exploitation in this specific context are then exposed and discussed. A new legal definition addressing the real-world realities of commercial marriage trafficking is introduced, turning the focus of scrutiny to the key point of exploitation, the act of marriage itself. The definition is examined through examples from real-world cases, with effective strategies for integrating the definition into existing international law discussed. Finally, key steps that states can immediately take to fight commercial marriage trafficking are drawn from existing international laws on marriage.","PeriodicalId":106035,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132879154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Global Health Justice: A Perspective from the Global South on a Framework Convention on Global Health 全球卫生正义:全球南方对《全球卫生框架公约》的看法

Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.203

Lawrence O. Gostin, A. Dhai

引用次数: 0

Looking Beyond the Word 'Trade': A Closer Look at the Human Rights and WTO Relationship 透过“贸易”一词看世界:人权与世贸组织的关系

Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-04-06 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2035626

Henri Joel Nkuepo

{"title":"Looking Beyond the Word 'Trade': A Closer Look at the Human Rights and WTO Relationship","authors":"Henri Joel Nkuepo","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2035626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2035626","url":null,"abstract":"The WTO is often considered to be a mercantilist organization based on principles that ignore human rights and trade and human rights are generally considered to be completely distinct with no effect on one another. These misapprehensions often lead to confusion and many people see the relationship between human rights standards and the WTO principles to be conflictual instead of mutually supportive. This paper aims to change these conceptions and to show how trade policy-makers and human rights defenders can actually work together. It looks at the context in which the GATT, and later the WTO, emerged; analyses the organization’s objectives and principles and it finds that the WTO is based on a human right pedestal. It then identifies and describes the human rights which are often affected by trade policies and it shows how the WTO implements mechanisms to reduce the negative impacts. The paper goes on to argue that human rights defenders should look beyond the word \"trade\" and try to understand the WTO’s principles and objectives and that trade policy-makers, especially those in developing countries, should always try to identify the effects of any policy that they adopt on human rights before implementation. The paper concludes that the WTO looks bad because governments lack good faith and do not respect their commitments.","PeriodicalId":106035,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126016569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investment Guarantees and International Obligations to Reduce Poverty: A Human Rights Perspective 投资保证与减少贫困的国际义务:人权视角

Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-01-08 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1981747

Markus Krajewski

引用次数: 2

Contextualising the Business Responsibility to Respect: How Much Is Lost in Translation 企业尊重责任的语境化:翻译中损失了多少

Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004225794_005

Fiona Haines, K. Macdonald, Samantha Balaton-Chrimes

引用次数: 3

The Global Governance of HIV/AIDS and the Rugged Road Ahead: An Epilogue 艾滋病毒/艾滋病的全球治理和崎岖的前路:后记

Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal Pub Date : 2011-10-05 DOI: 10.4337/9781849804905.00016

Philip S. Yu

引用次数: 0

Fundamental Right to Property and Right to Housing in Nigeria: A Discourse 尼日利亚的基本财产权与住房权:一种论述

Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal Pub Date : 2011-08-12 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1909048

Akintunde Otubu

引用次数: 3

The Privatization of Military and Security Services and the Limits of Contract: Lessons from the US 军事和安全服务的私有化与合同的限制:来自美国的教训

Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal Pub Date : 2011-07-17 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1887688

Valentina Calderai

{"title":"The Privatization of Military and Security Services and the Limits of Contract: Lessons from the US","authors":"Valentina Calderai","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1887688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1887688","url":null,"abstract":"A consistent body of literature has focused in recent years on the potentialities for market mechanisms to improve the enforcement of international human rights law against the breaches committed by private military and security companies (“PMSCs”) employed by sovereign entities. Yet, of all the avenues known by the law of contract to increase the degree of compliance with international law, none is ever included in the contracts between PMSCs and their major sovereign customers. This paper gives an account of this reluctancy on the part of the States, based on a survey of the contracts concluded by the U.S. administration during the first stage of the Iraq occupation and the comparative analysis of public and private organizations. In contrast to domestic outsourcing, the provision of military force takes place in conditions of high bilateral dependency, social embeddedness, specific contractual hazards, that taken together deter from traditional methods of contract enforcement (litigation and arbitration) and emphasize mechanisms based on reputational mechanisms and hierarchy. These limitations should be attentively considered in shaping the role of contract standardization into a comprehensive regulatory strategy at national and international levels.","PeriodicalId":106035,"journal":{"name":"Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116271480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1