Restoration & Management Notes最新文献_第3页

ENDANGERED SPECIES 濒危物种

Restoration & Management Notes Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.3368/er.13.1.141

Michael A. Altieri

{"title":"ENDANGERED SPECIES","authors":"Michael A. Altieri","doi":"10.3368/er.13.1.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.13.1.141","url":null,"abstract":"In the past year refugees and asylum seekers have emerged as a major domestic and foreign policy issue in Australia. The last time refugees were such a major political issue in Australia was after the Vietnam war with the arrival of the Indo-Chinese ‘boat people’. Then the number of Indo-Chinese ‘boat people’ that arrived between 1976–82 was 2059, small compared with present flows. However, their arrival brought about a large scale offshore selection of refugees and eventually a government-organized ‘orderly departure programme’ from Vietnam which saw the number of IndoChinese born in Australia reach 70,000 by 1982 (Betts, 2001: 34). By contrast the number of ‘boat people’ arriving since 1998 has been large and from diverse sources. In 1999, 3740 asylum seekers arrived by boat, in 2000, 2961 arrived and in 2001 (January–August) more than 3694 had arrived. Yet these boat arrivals have not precipitated an organized refugee programme to bring refugees from Southeast Asia as happened in the 1970s and early 1980s. Instead, the government has presented the latest arrival of boat people as a challenge to national sovereignty and provoked public fear that Australia was facing a refugee crisis. In fact, despite the significant increase in ‘boat people’ (unauthorized arrivals) between 1999 and 2001, the annual refugee quota of 12,000 has remained the same and 1640 unfilled places from the 2000–1 quota were carried over into 2001–2 (Population Flows: Immigration Aspects, 2001: 25). The perceived crisis is in the ‘threat’ posed by ‘unauthorized entry’ rather than by the actual numbers of refugees arriving or being accepted annually. Nevertheless the issue of the management of refugee flows, symbolized in the Tampa incident, was made an election winner by the Liberal government in late 2001.1 They set about ‘selling protection’ as their election strategy: protection against foreigners seeking ‘entitlements’ they did not deserve because they had entered illegally (were ‘queue jumpers’) and acted criminally (paid ‘people smugglers’), and protection against terror in the form of individual suicidal acts causing mass death (Tilly, 1985).","PeriodicalId":105419,"journal":{"name":"Restoration & Management Notes","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121353886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forest 森林

Restoration & Management Notes Pub Date : 2017-03-30 DOI: 10.3368/er.4.2.74

Alix Anne Shaw

引用次数: 0

Prairie 草原

Restoration & Management Notes Pub Date : 2016-09-22 DOI: 10.3368/er.4.2.71

Victor Burgin

{"title":"Prairie","authors":"Victor Burgin","doi":"10.3368/er.4.2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.4.2.71","url":null,"abstract":"In June 1983 4 ha of steep slopes and ditches around an earth dam in eastern Iowa were extensively reshaped with a bulldozer. The season was too dry to expect a perennial cover crop to establish, and slopes were too steep to recommend using tractor or tillage later, following establishment of a temporary cover crop. An innovative seeding method was deemed necessary. The method chosen was to broadcast oats heavily (100 kg/ha) on the cloddy surface and mulch them thoroughly (90-100% coverage) with spoiled hay. One August rain followed by normal autunm precipitation produced a good temporary stand of oats, and by late autumn the original mulch was mostly decomposed. A mid-November weather forecast predicted that a sleet storm would arrive with the next front. Seed of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) was immediately broadcast through the dead standing oats (10 kg/ha). The storm’s force then matted the oats down over the seed. Two 1-m2 miniplots were also sown; one to big bluestem and the other to lance-leaved coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata), at rates of approximately 14 kg/ha (PLS) and 11 kg/ha, respectively. All three species apparently benefited from the winter stratification and protection under the oat layer. Weeds, along with some self-seeded oats, were the most obvious 1984 crop. Along with the dead oats, which remained functionally rooted until early summer, weeds provided much of the erosion control. However, by 1985 the three intentionally planted species were dominant, with good stands developed in their respective areas. Variations of this method might be useful for establishing prairie plantings under similarly adverse circumstances. For example, the cover crop could be matted mechanically over a \"frost seeding\" rather than waiting for an opportunity to plant before an approaching storm.","PeriodicalId":105419,"journal":{"name":"Restoration & Management Notes","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122175022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ENDANGERED SPECIES 濒危物种

Restoration & Management Notes Pub Date : 2015-07-27 DOI: 10.3368/er.13.2.240

William Bregnard

引用次数: 0

ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES 问题和观点

Restoration & Management Notes Pub Date : 2014-02-25 DOI: 10.4324/9781315808918-14

S. Fehr

引用次数: 74

Endangered Species 濒危物种

Restoration & Management Notes Pub Date : 2013-04-09 DOI: 10.3368/er.8.2.131

Elizabeth Ticknor

引用次数: 0

Prairie 草原

Restoration & Management Notes Pub Date : 2011-10-05 DOI: 10.3368/er.2.1.23

Pamela Greenberg

{"title":"Prairie","authors":"Pamela Greenberg","doi":"10.3368/er.2.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.2.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Many permanent pastures in the western corn belt and eastern Great Plains are composed of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), and broadleaf weeds. Although many of these pastures have never been tilled, the tallgrass prairie that once existed on these sites has disappeared due to years of mismanagement. Research has been undertaken to reestablish the productive vegetation in these pastures by sod-seeding into chemically treated sod. Using atrazine [2 chloro-4-ethylamino-6-(isopropylamino)-s-trazine] at 2.2 kg/ha kills all of the Kentucky bluegrass, provides season-long annual weed control, and provides an excellent seedbed for big bluestem (Andropogon gerardt) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) since these grasses are atrazine resistant at the seedling stage. An excellent stand generally resuits, with the warm-season grasses reaching full maturity during the seeding year. Glyphosate [N(phosphonomethyl glycine)] can be used to kill the vegetation, and any grass species can be seeded in the dead sod since there is no chemical residue. Annual weeds can start growth immediately; however, since the soil is not disturbed the weed problem is often not serious. The most interesting aspect of this research is that we found remnant native tallgrass vegetation still existing in these pastures even though the tallgrass prairie had vanished many years ago. In eastern Nebraska big bluestem often is the major remnant left. With a single application of atrazine and grazing protection for one year, these depleted weedy, bluegrass pastures were turned into tall warm-season grassland in one year just by releasing the competition suppressing the existing native remnants. Although this restored pasture does not have the composition of a true prairie, producers can benefit by encouraging the native remnants that may still exist. While big bluestem was by far the most abundant remnant species reappearing on our treated sites, we have seen some little bluestem, sideoats grama, tall and prairie dropseed, western wheatgrass, and, in pastures that are not severely depleted, Indiangrass. A producer can determine whether there are sufficient native remnants in a pasture by apply2 ing a strip of atrazine in the spring and placing some exclosures there to protect the treated area from grazing. If native remnants appear, treatment of the pasture can then occur the following spring. More details on these studies, including seedling establishment and remnant warm-season grass yields, can be obtained from our article: \"Sod seeding perennial grasses into eastern Nebraska sod,\" by J. F. Samson and L. E. Moser. 1982. Agronomy Journal 74:1055-60. Reprints are available.","PeriodicalId":105419,"journal":{"name":"Restoration & Management Notes","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121768349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Looking Ahead 展望未来

Restoration & Management Notes Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.3368/ER.15.1.64

R. Grese, Shannan Gibb-Randall

{"title":"Looking Ahead","authors":"R. Grese, Shannan Gibb-Randall","doi":"10.3368/ER.15.1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/ER.15.1.64","url":null,"abstract":"policy, and education. Recognizing that the field of ecological restoration is undergoing rapid, and in some areas uneven development, the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan sponsored a two-day meeting of practitioners, scientists, and policy-makers to discuss emerging issues in the field. Among the 60 participants--19 from various departments at the University of Michigan, and 21 from other institutions-were many leaders in the field. Their discussion, held over two days early in March, 1996 resulted in some fresh perspectives on the challenges facing those in the field of ecological restoration. Perhaps most significant was the recognition that in all areas, from research to policy and education, the task of restoration both challenges traditional disciplinary and cultural boundaries and provides opportunities for breaking down barriers and building bridges. Reed Noss, editor of Conservation Bio/ogy and coordinator of the Wildlands Project, kicked off the two-day workshop by describing the role of ecological restoration as part of a larger strategy for protecting biological diversity. He noted that ecosystems in the United States are in bad shape, estimating that less than 5 percent of the land in the 48 coterminous states is in pristine or high-quality condition, 2550 percent is moderately degraded, and 5070 percent is highly to severely degraded. As a result, we need conservation strategies that protect remaining examples of endangered ecosystems and that also identify the long-term conservation management and restoration needs for all ecosystems. Speaking on research issues related to ecological restoration, Roger Anderson, Professor of Biology at Illinois State University at Normal, argued for greater collaboration between restorationists and researchers to build a solid scientific basis for restoration efforts. He urged increased use of restoration as a process for learning more about ecosystem structure, function, and maintenance. William Niering, Professor of Botany at Connecticut College and editor of Restoration Ecology, supported this, exhorting academics to develop approaches to teaching about restoration that are firmly grounded in ecological theory, encourage interdisciplinary interactions, and provide students with first-hand experience.","PeriodicalId":105419,"journal":{"name":"Restoration & Management Notes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130097836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EDUCATION 教育

Restoration & Management Notes Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI: 10.1179/000870407x213495

F. Michael

引用次数: 0

Endangered Species 濒危物种

Restoration & Management Notes Pub Date : 2003-08-01 DOI: 10.3368/er.7.2.109

Jeff Mariotte, N. Holder

{"title":"Endangered Species","authors":"Jeff Mariotte, N. Holder","doi":"10.3368/er.7.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/er.7.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"ditions range from flooding to very dry. The development of a prairie also satisfied our need for an easily maintained, attractive natural area in a location marked by rapid urban development. The site has recently been designated as a nature preserve. A range of edaphic conditions exist throughout the borrow pit area. While the site is generally well-drained, a number of clay lenses form seeps that persist except in the driest times. The more active of these supply an ephemeral pond in the basin. This variety of habitats allows for a great variety of plants, representing species from both wet and dry prairies (Conover and Geiger, 1989). Given the steep slopes, rough terrain, and the large area to be seeded, we hired a f’n’in to hydroseed eight prairie grass species. For the initial planting, seeds for the grasses and three prairie forbs were purchased from a source in Missouri. For subsequent plantings, grass and forb seeds were collected locally. Prairie forb seeds that were available in quantity were broadcast and raked into the soil. Forb seeds in small supply, or from rare or difficult to establish species, were planted in a nursery and the plants later transplanted to the prairie. Forbs were raised either in plastic containers (Rootmaster, Hummert Co., St. Louis, MO), or in 5-cm diameter clear polyethylene film tubing, 30 cm in length. In some cases seeds were stratified in flats and transplanted to the tubes or containers after germination. In other cases seeds were stratified outdoors in the containers and transplanted to the prairie in the spring when the roots just reached the bottom of the containers. Dormant plants, collected locally from habitats about to be destroyed, were transplanted in the spring. Differential success in germination and survival is producing a number of distinct associations of grasses and forbs. Established plants are serving as a source of seeds, and now, after three seasons, new plants are becoming established in wellsuited microhabitats. To date, approximately 36 species of Ohio prairie indicator plant species have become established on the site despite the severe drought of 1988. Current efforts are focused on ridding the site of introduced weeds such as western ragweed, Ambrosia psilostachya, increasing the diversity of species present, and planting rare and endangered species that we have raised from seed.","PeriodicalId":105419,"journal":{"name":"Restoration & Management Notes","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125551742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1