Clinical Oncology and Research最新文献

{"title":"Disseminated Thymic Carcinoma: Case Report and Discussion on Problems of Treatment","authors":"Kristina Tumanova, Nidal Salim, Ilya Loyko, Alexander Stolbovoy, Kristina Tumanova, Igor Prokofiev","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2023.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2023.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Thymic carcinoma (TC) is a rare epithelial malignancy often distinguished by significant local invasion and propensity for distant metastases. Representing approximately 20% of all thymic neoplasms, the primary therapeutic intervention for resectable tumors remains surgical resection. For those that are unresectable or metastatic, palliative platinum-based chemotherapy is standard. Despite these interventions, approximately 30% of these malignancies are already advanced upon initial presentation. The current 5-year survival rate for metastatic TC stands at approximately 38%, with a definitive optimal treatment regimen yet to be established. This case report delineates a comprehensive five-year clinical trajectory of a patient with advanced TC who exhibited resistance to systemic treatments but showed favorable response to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Through this case, we underscore the potential of SBRT as a viable therapeutic alternative for select metastatic TC patients. In our case, SBRT exhibited reliable local tumor control in each treated site with minimal side effects. To better understand the possibility of treatment options for disseminated TC more cases should be collected.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the Obstetric Outcome with a Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia?","authors":"Shabnum Sibtain, Shabnum Sibtain, Ashok Mohanty, Prabha Sinha, J Zaidi","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2023.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2023.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find out the association of large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) at or less than 36 weeks of gestation, extreme preterm delivery at or less than 28 weeks gestation and perinatal mortality with premature birth. Design: Data was collected from euroking, ‘joe’ and e-searcher systems of 407 retrospective cases. The data were analysed pre and post cervical histology between 20-43 weeks of pregnancy to identify live births. Setting: East Sussex Healthcare Trust Population: The selected population were women who became pregnant after LLETZ treatment at the East Sussex hospital. Their case notes and histology reports were taken into account. The women who were not included in this study were those in age group greater than 42 years, previous premature labour or twin pregnancies. Result: Total number of deliveries in East Sussex hospital in a year were 4349 and the deliveries at term gestation (37 +) were 4057. The total number of all preterm deliveries were 268 (6.16 %), 34 to 36+6 weeks were 198 (4.55 %) and less than 34 weeks were 70 (1.6 %). In 24 cases gestation was unknown. The total data collected were of 407 LLETZ treatment cases. The number of premature deliveries were 45 (11 %) as against background risk of 6.16%. Those who had term pregnancy prior to LLETZ were 15 out of these 45 cases, and the remaining had their first pregnancy after having LLETZ. Conclusion: LLETZ increases the chances of premature births.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of DSPP and MMP20 Silencing on Key Signaling Pathways in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells","authors":"Kalu U.E. Ogbureke, Jaya Aseervatham, Kalu U.E. Ogbureke","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2023.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2023.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage process, featuring genetic and molecular alterations leading to rapid cell division, invasion, metastasis, and increased cell survival. Many of these alterations are due to perturbations in the cell signaling networks, which in turn lead to constitutive deregulation of the proteins involved in the regulatory pathways. Our recent reports show that the silencing of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and its cognate matrix metalloproteinases 20 (MMP20) alters key tumorigenic hallmarks of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Objective: This study, intended to advance our recent findings, focuses on determining the effects of silencing DSPP and its cognate MMP20 on the signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion and metastasis. Materials and Methods: DSPP and MMP20 were silenced individually and in combination, using adenovirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in OSCC cell line, OSC2, and the effects of silencing on the following pathways: EFGR; RAS-RAF; MEK; MAPK; ERK; JNK; NF-kB; TGFβ; and GSK3β, were analysed by western blot. Results: DSPP and MMP20 silencing decreased EGFR, KRAS, MEK1/2, MAPK, ERK, MEEK1, JNK, CREBP, p300, NF-kB,TGF β, SMAD7, GSK3 β, and β-catenin expressions. In contrast, the expression of IKKα and SMAD4 were increased in DSPP/MMP20-silenced group, compared with control group. Furthermore, DSPP-silencing alone was more effective than MMP20, or combined DSPP-MM20 silencing, in altering the levels of key proteins of each signaling pathway investigated. Conclusion: Our findings provide the basis for further studies aimed at verifying the effects of these alterations in the profiles of these proteins on the various hallmarks of oral carcinogenesis, and for understanding the molecular role of DSPP and MMP20 in OSCC. This is with a view to evaluating their diagnostic and prognostic utility as well as the values of DSPP/MMP20 as potential targets for design of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of OSCC patients.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted Networking of The Orphan Receptor Estrogen-Related Receptor Β in Breast Cancer Progression","authors":"Sandip K. Mishra, Monalisa Parija, Rakesh Padhan, G. Kumari, Pritish Samal","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2023.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2023.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer death polls are rising at an alarming rate in females globally. It is a hormone-dependent disease that is majorly regulated by estrogen. Several genetic and environmental factors are the primary attributes of breast cancer growth and development. A higher proportion of breast cancer patients harbor estrogen receptor-positive (ER+ve) status. Estrogen related receptors are orphan nuclear receptors which include ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRϒ that exhibit a sequence similarity with ERα. ERRα and ERRϒ act as activators in cancer. ERRβ expression is downregulated in breast cancer cells and patient samples, compared to healthy breast cells. The decreased expression of ERRβ is primarily mediated by the proteasomal pathway at the protein level. ERRβ restricts cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells, thereby impeding breast cancer proliferation. Neddylation of ERRβ mediates its downregulation which triggers the oncogenic signalling in breast cancer. Our study showed employing MLN4924, an NAE inhibitor to restore the expressivity of ERRβ could provide a successful and cutting-edge therapeutic method. This review article illustrates the regulatory role of ERRβ in the formation and evolution of breast cancer, making it an effective therapeutic candidate.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75297130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current CT and MRI Applications in the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer: A Review","authors":"H. Aydin, Ezel Yaltırık Bilgin, Y. Ozdemir, Muazzez Bengi Akyol","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2023.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2023.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Most common urinary system cancer is the Bladder cancer(BC), more common in men (M/F: 3), is associated with both genetic and environmental factors.,two most well-known environmental factors are smoking and occupational exposures.Smoking is associated with 25-65% of BC cases, %50 average. Urothelial cancers are common in occupations that use paint, textiles, rubber and petroleum products. Among the chemical substances; O-toluidine, 2-naphthylamine, benzidine, 4-amino-biphenyl and nitrosamines are particularly related with the BC. Our objective in this systematic review is to indicate the value and aid of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81615077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surprising Long Term Survival in Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Cannabidiol","authors":"G. Nahler, R. Likar","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2023.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2023.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most deadly tumors; even with aggressive radiochemotherapy, mean survival rates are only around 14 to 16 months post diagnose. Here we present the follow-up of 15 patients with GBM that have received concomitant cannabidiol (CBD) in addition to standard therapy, and that have been reported in details two years ago. \u0000The survival time of patients is presented together with prognostic factors such as age at diagnose, molecular markers and dose of CBD. \u0000The actual median survival time is 28 months, the arithmetic mean is 30.9 months, therefore about three to five times longer than expected. When comparing the group of patients surviving less than 28 months with those who lived longer, we found that all subjects who received a low dose of CBD (200mg per day) were in the group surviving less than 28 months. Apart from the daily dose of CBD, no striking difference was observed for other prognostic factors. \u0000It is concluded that CBD contributed to the long term survival of GBM patients, and that this effect depends on the dose.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77180996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Nephrotoxicity and Hypokalemia during the Use of Liposomal Amphotericin B in Children with Febrile Neutropenia","authors":"Z. Özdemir, Meral Barış, Y. D. Kar, Ersin Töret, Hülya Özen, Özcan Bör","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2023.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2023.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Invasive fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children with febrile neutropenia. Although liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) is used safely due to its broad antifungal activity, it causes important side effects such as nephrotoxicity and hypokalemia.\u0000Methods: Medical records of 45 children with hematological malignancies who were given empirical L-AMB for febrile neutropenia between November 2011 and December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine and potassium levels were compared before and after 7th day of L-AMB treatment.\u0000Results: 62 febrile neutropenic attacks of 45 children were evaluated. The median age of the patients was 8.25 (3.5-13) years, and the number of attacks per patient was between 1-5. The median duration of treatment with L-AMB was 14 (range 9-21) days. Nephrotoxicity developed in 16 attacks (26%), and hypokalemia developed in 26 attacks (42%). In those who developed nephrotoxicity, eGFR was lower and creatinine level was higher after 7th day of L-AMB treatment, compared to their values before treatment. The frequency of hypokalemia was low in attacks where nephrotoxicity has been developed. High eGFR, and low creatinine level were risk factors with borderline significance from the point of development of nephrotoxicity.\u0000Conclusion: Potassium level should be carefully monitored and appropriate replacement therapy should be administered in febrile neutropenic children with hematological malignancy receiving L-AMB therapy. Parenteral hydration before L-AMB administration does not prevent nephrotoxicity, however it positively affects the frequency of nephrotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88332944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piwi-Interacting RNAs As Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Cancer: A Pooling Analysis of Retrospective Studies","authors":"Liyun Gao, Chunhua Han, Jun-Mei Fan, Jiayin He, Shiqun Yu, T. Luo, Wenyan Fan, X. Che, X. Wang","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2023.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2023.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are the most mysterious class of small non-coding RNAs. They limit gene expression in gonads and sequence diversity. Dysregulated piRNAs can led to all kinds of cancers. Recently, piRNAs were postulated to be potentially useful biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. However, there lack a systematic review of prognostic and diagnostic piRNAs in neoplasms. The study aimed to decipher the relationships between piRNAs expression, diagnostic and prognostic outcome in tumors. \u0000Methods: This study systematically searched Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Ovid-Medline, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and SinoMed databases for relevant articles published before July 13, 2022. The study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020208717). \u0000Results: Thirty relevant studies were included in the meta-analysis: 19 on diagnosis and 23 on prognosis. The pooled adds ratio, 95% confidence intervals (Cl) and hazard ratios (HR) of the studies were used to investigate the clinical parameters and overall survival (OS) of cancer patients. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity was 0.82, 79%, and 77% in tumors, respectively. Though abnormally expressed piRNAs were associated with poor and unfavorable impacts on the OS time of cancer patients (HR=1.00, 95% Cl: 1.00-1.00, P<0.00001). Meanwhile, piRNAs in the breast cancer had favorable impacts on the OS (HR=0.70, 95% CI:0.45-1.09). However, the piRNAs in cell renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and gastric cancer had bad favorable impacts on the OS (HR=1.46, 95% CI:1.37-1.55; HR=1.56, 95% CI:1.24 -1.95; HR=2.19, 95% CI:1.25-3.86; HR=1.01, 95% CI:0.97-1.04, respectively). \u0000Conclusions: The results strongly suggested that piRNAs were potential novel prognostic and diagnostic indicators in tumors.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87075349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Prognostic Analysis of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","authors":"Bao‐an Chen, Zheng Shi","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2022.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2022.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyse clinical characteristics of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and explore prognostic factors to provide evidence for the stratification of prognostic risk and the formulation of individualized therapy.\u0000Methods: A total of 65 adult patients with newly diagnosed ALL were reviewed. Their clinical data were collected, and their overall survival was followed up. We compared the effects of different clinical features on therapeutic efficacy and long-term prognosis. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS 25.0 statistical software. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u0000Results: A total of 65 adult patients with newly diagnosed ALL, including 31 males and 34 females, were enrolled in this study, with a median onset age of 48 (range, 18-85) years. After 1 course of induction therapy, bone marrow puncture was performed to evaluate, and further demonstrate that 49 patients achieved complete response (CR), with a total CR rate (CRR) of 75.4%. Among 65 patients, the median overall survival was 15.5 (range,1.0-100.0) months, and the median disease-free survival was 9.0 (range, 0.0-99.0) months. Survival analysis showed that worse long-term outcome was associated with age (≥60 years), haemoglobin (Hb<60g/L), platelet (PLT<30×109/L), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH≥400U/L) at initial diagnosis, CD10 negative, and failure to reach CR within 4 weeks after induction therapy, whereas timely hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) significantly improved the survival of patients. Univariate analysis suggested that age at onset, the initial level of low PLT and high LDH, and HSCT were risk factors for 2-year OS and 2-year DFS of adult ALL patients. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that initial PLT level was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of adult ALL patients, and CR within 4 weeks after induction and HSCT could improve patients’ overall survival.\u0000Conclusion: Long-term outcome for adult ALL patients is poor. Clinical characteristics, including elder age, severe anemia, low PLT level, high LDH level, CD10 negative and so on, make poor clinical induction effect on such patients. However, achieving CR within 4 weeks and actively accepting HSCT can significantly improve the prognosis of adult ALL.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87487438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review Article on Epithelial Ovarian Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis","authors":"K. Grammatikakis, E. Halkia, K. Patsouras","doi":"10.31487/j.cor.2022.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.cor.2022.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Many advances have emerged in the management of peritoneal metastases of ovarian cancer origin, widely known as the most common gynaecological malignancy. This review is an update of the current management algorithm of peritoneal carcinomatosis of ovarian cancer, including screening methods, biomarkers and surgical techniques, in an effort to shed some light into this difficult to treat malignancy.\u0000Objective: To assess awareness in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with peritoneal metastasis with updated therapeutic standpoints.","PeriodicalId":10487,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Oncology and Research","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86445697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}