Cogent Medicine最新文献_第5页

Prevalence and distribution of uncorrected refractive error among school children in the Bongo District of Ghana 加纳邦戈地区学童中未矫正屈光不正的患病率和分布

Cogent Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2021.1911414

Fred Asare, P. Morjaria

{"title":"Prevalence and distribution of uncorrected refractive error among school children in the Bongo District of Ghana","authors":"Fred Asare, P. Morjaria","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2021.1911414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2021.1911414","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To estimate the prevalence and distribution of uncorrected refractive error among school children in the Bongo District of Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 12–15-year-old children in eighteen public junior high schools in the Bongo District of Ghana. External and internal eye examinations were conducted while a non–cycloplegic refraction technique was used to determine refractive errors among the children. A total of 1,705 school children were recruited and examined for refractive errors. Their mean age ± SD was 14.1 ± 0.9 years. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error was 1.8% (95% CI 1.2%—2.5%) with myopia (0.8%; 95% CI 0.5%—1.4%) being the most common, followed by astigmatism (0.6%; 95% CI 0.3%—1.1%) then hyperopia (0.4%; 95% CI 0.2%—0.8%). A multinomial logistic regression revealed that female students had about three times higher risk of having uncorrected refractive error as compared to males after adjusting for age which was statistically significant (ARR: 2.7; 95% CI 1.2-6.3; z = 2.3; P = .02). None of the children with refractive error had correction. Even though the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in this study is lower than that reported in different parts of the country, none of the children with an error had correction. There is, therefore, the need for other studies to be conducted to further explore the cause of this as well as the varying prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among children in the northern and southern parts of Ghana.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85448211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A novel means of identifying hemoglobin Tacoma utilizing capillary electrophoresis with a hemoglobin A1c software platform 利用毛细管电泳和糖化血红蛋白软件平台鉴定塔科马血红蛋白的新方法

Cogent Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2021.2002502

H. Merkeley, Nicholas Sandercock, L. Halchuk, M. Braga, M. Verhovsek

{"title":"A novel means of identifying hemoglobin Tacoma utilizing capillary electrophoresis with a hemoglobin A1c software platform","authors":"H. Merkeley, Nicholas Sandercock, L. Halchuk, M. Braga, M. Verhovsek","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2021.2002502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2021.2002502","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hemoglobin Tacoma (Hb Tacoma) results from the substitution of serine for arginine at position 30 in the β-globin chain resulting in instability in vitro, and has been identified with gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but the role of capillary electrophoresis (CE) has never been reported. Whole blood samples were received from 4 patients for HbA1c testing at McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC) in Hamilton, Canada, and initially analyzed via CE with Sebia Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing instrument using the Hb A1c platform. Specimens were then run on the hemoglobin variant platform and HPLC with additional studies including Hemoglobin H (Hb H) body staining, instability testing and β-globin gene sequencing. Hemoglobin concentrations were within normal reference intervals and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was normal in most cases. Capillary electropherograms produced on the Hb A1c platform demonstrated a small double peak at the 271–273 mark area running past Hb A2 in all samples. On the variant hemoglobin program, Hb A2 percentage was mildly elevated, and a variant hemoglobin (Hb X) peak at 127–128 marks was identified and quantified at 35–37%, yielding a ratio of Hb A: Hb X of 1.7 to 1. Genetic confirmation was performed in 2 of the 4 cases. This series supports that Hb Tacoma heterozygosity is associated with in vitro instability without significant phenotypic consequences. We report identification of Hb Tacoma using CE and propose that CE with Hb A1c and variant hemoglobin platforms is an effective screening tool for Hb Tacoma.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86590191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Anthropometric and computed tomography scan exposure measurements among adult patients, a hospital-based study 成人患者的人体测量和计算机断层扫描暴露测量，一项基于医院的研究

Cogent Medicine Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2021.1975382

Geoffrey Erem, S. Bugeza, F. Ameda, Caroline Otike, William K Olwit, A. Mubuuke, Cyril Scandhorf, Akisophel Kisolo, M. Kawooya

{"title":"Anthropometric and computed tomography scan exposure measurements among adult patients, a hospital-based study","authors":"Geoffrey Erem, S. Bugeza, F. Ameda, Caroline Otike, William K Olwit, A. Mubuuke, Cyril Scandhorf, Akisophel Kisolo, M. Kawooya","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2021.1975382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2021.1975382","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Medical exposures to ionizing radiation constitute nearly half of the total radiation exposures from all sources. The higher utilization of imaging services is happening all over the world, Uganda inclusive. We sought to establish the relationship between adult patient anthropometric measurements and computed tomography scan exposure variables. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in three selected hospitals performing adult CT scan examinations. A total of 176 adult patients who presented for head, abdominal, cardiac CT—calcium score and cardiac angiogram were recruited in the study. Data was collected using a piloted standardized research protocol for establishing diagnostic reference values. The data collected were weight, height, age and sex with CT scan variables. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. This study was also approved by the ethics committee. The key findings showed that the examination, reference and total mAs were associated with significant positive associations with the anthropometric characteristics namely; weight, height and BMI as opposed to sex and age. The findings also revealed that males were generally exposed to higher doses for Head and Cardiac CT studies with females receiving higher doses for abdominal examinations only.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88376216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling the longtiudnal change of viral load of HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy 模拟HIV阳性患者接受抗逆转录病毒治疗后病毒载量的纵向变化

Cogent Medicine Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2021.2008607

Dawit Getachew, Aragaw Eshetie, D. Chekole

{"title":"Modeling the longtiudnal change of viral load of HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy","authors":"Dawit Getachew, Aragaw Eshetie, D. Chekole","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2021.2008607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2021.2008607","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health concern and cause of death in the world. Even though WHO recommended viral load testing as the preferred monitoring approach to diagnose and confirm ARV treatment failure, but in most cases, factors influencing the trend of viral load were not well identified. The main objective of this study was to modeling the change of viral load and identifying its associated factors among HIV positive patients. In this retrospective longitudinal data analysis, data was collected from 287 HIV positive patients registered for ART between January 2017 and June 2019 in Zewditu hospital and unstructured covariance structure was parsimonious for the data. Linear mixed model with different random effect were applied to the data. Linear mixed model with random intercept and slope were selected as a best model to fit the data based on different model selection criteria. The findings of the study revealed that there was a decrement over time in the log VL of patients with HIV on ART. Furthermore, time, baseline CD4 count, WHO clinical stage, functional status of the patient, adherence, smoking status, initial ART Regimen and time interaction with adherence and WHO stage were found to be significant predictors of log VL evolution. Linear mixed model with random intercept and slope were selected to fit the data based on different information criteria. There was a significant variation in log VL of patients at baseline and through ART treatment time. Therefore, patients should take ART regimens with good adherence to decrease their viral load over time.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84987447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

What is problematic about binary questions on gender in health surveys – a missing answer analysis 健康调查中关于性别的二元问题有什么问题——缺少答案分析

Cogent Medicine Pub Date : 2020-12-04 DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1848781

A. Heinz, András Költő, E. Godeau, V. Ehlinger, C. V. Duin, C. Catunda, Helmut Willems

引用次数: 1

Effects of a topical ointment on responses to treatments used for common genital diseases and on quality of life 外用软膏对治疗常见生殖器疾病的反应和生活质量的影响

Cogent Medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1795964

C. de Belilovsky, J. Bohbot

{"title":"Effects of a topical ointment on responses to treatments used for common genital diseases and on quality of life","authors":"C. de Belilovsky, J. Bohbot","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1795964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1795964","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Abstract This study assessed the impacts of an ointment on treatment efficacy, side effects and global tolerance of most common genital diseases. This observational study enrolled symptomatic patients with LS and psoriasis under maintenance therapy (topical steroids); patients with condyloma acuminata treated with liquid nitrogen and/or imiquimod; patients suffering from vulvodynia under multidisciplinary treatment. The tested ointment was added to the usual treatment. Subjective and objective clinical scores, tolerance and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were evaluated. One hundred patients completed the study: 26 LS, 6 psoriasis, 52 CA and 16 vulvodynia. There were significant reductions in global symptom and clinical scores for LS (−80.61% and −59.20%, respectively, mean follow-up 66 days) and psoriasis (−82.88% and −82.80%, respectively, mean follow-up of 51 days). The DLQI decreased by 40.17% for LS and 76.92% for psoriasis. The use of ointment resulted in low post-treatment scores for CA (Symptom score: 1.92/maximum 50, clinical score: 2.46/24 maximum, mean follow-up of 17 days). Tolerance was good for all except two patients (one CA, one vulvodynia). Our results indicated the daily applications of an ointment improved treatments for lichen sclerosus, psoriasis (symptoms, clinical signs and quality of life) and for condyloma acuminata (reduced healing time) and was well tolerated during vulvodynia.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88335862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Characteristics of balance ability related to life space of older adults in a day care center 日托中心老年人生活空间平衡能力特征

Cogent Medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1714532

Y. Echizenya, Kazunori Akizuki, Haruka Takayama, K. Nishihara, F. Hoshi

{"title":"Characteristics of balance ability related to life space of older adults in a day care center","authors":"Y. Echizenya, Kazunori Akizuki, Haruka Takayama, K. Nishihara, F. Hoshi","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1714532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1714532","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study aimed to clarify the life space of older adults who use a day care center, to explore for factors related to life space, and to identify the balance elements related to life space. In a cross-sectional study at a day care center located in Japan, 64 adult day care users were assessed using the Life Space Assessment (LSA), Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), and Stops Walking When Talking test. A correlation analysis between the LSA score and variables and a stepwise multiple regression analysis with the LSA score as the dependent variable and the sub-items of the Mini-BESTest as explanatory variables were performed. The median LSA score was 45.8 (interquartile range: 34–62.8, range: 16–100) points. The LSA score showed a significant correlation with all the sub-items and total scores of the Mini-BESTest and the MFES. Based on the result of the multiple regression analysis, anticipatory postural adjustments (β = 0.31, p = 0.015) and dynamic gait (β = 0.30, p = 0.019) were incorporated into the model (R 2 = 0.28, p < 0.001). The life space of adult day care users is narrow, and the 28.4% variance of life space is explained with anticipatory postural adjustments and dynamic gait.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80693238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Investigating the effect of herbal antioxidants on the process of colon cancer treatment: A systematic review 研究草药抗氧化剂对结肠癌治疗过程的影响:系统综述

Cogent Medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1735682

Naser Mohammad gholi Mezerji, A. Moghimbeigi, Mostafa Eghbalian, M. R. Kopaei

引用次数: 0

A multi-level assessment of shared decision making: An evaluation of clinician and patient attitudes and behaviors and the identification of predictive profiles 共同决策的多层次评估:临床医生和患者的态度和行为的评估和预测概况的识别

Cogent Medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1786986

S. Haimowitz, Karyn D Ruiz-Cordell, Kathy Joubin, R. Sih-Meynier

{"title":"A multi-level assessment of shared decision making: An evaluation of clinician and patient attitudes and behaviors and the identification of predictive profiles","authors":"S. Haimowitz, Karyn D Ruiz-Cordell, Kathy Joubin, R. Sih-Meynier","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1786986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1786986","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to gain a greater understanding of shared decision making (SDM) by identifying the behaviors and attitudes of healthcare professionals (HCP) and patients that are associated with varying levels of SDM performance. The study centered on HCP and patient surveys that assessed a participant’s degree of endorsement of SDM favorable behaviors by asking them to predict how they might address a specific decision point in various healthcare interactions. Using quantitative (descriptive analytics, predictive and mixture modeling) and qualitative methods (grounded theory) to analyze the data, SDM skills were quantified in HCP and patient populations, and demographic and attitudinal factors that facilitate or hinder successful implementation of SDM were identified. Distinct HCP profiles (Motivated but Cautious, Insufficiently Engaged, and Pro-Autonomous) and patient profiles (Pro-Paternalistic, Pro-Autonomous, and Unconcerned but Open-Minded) were then defined. By characterizing these distinct profiles and the attitudes and preferences that are associated with one another, these results can be directly utilized by educational providers interested in teaching SDM skills to enable HCPs to individualize their SDM approach based on the recognition of these profiles while also providing the self-assessment needed to modify their own behaviors.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86996046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Qigong programme among community-dwelling older adults at risk of depression: A randomised controlled study 气功项目在有抑郁风险的社区老年人中的应用:一项随机对照研究

Cogent Medicine Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/2331205X.2020.1711655

Phenphop Phansuea, S. Tangwongchai, T. Rattananupong, V. Lohsoonthorn, S. Lertmaharit

{"title":"Qigong programme among community-dwelling older adults at risk of depression: A randomised controlled study","authors":"Phenphop Phansuea, S. Tangwongchai, T. Rattananupong, V. Lohsoonthorn, S. Lertmaharit","doi":"10.1080/2331205X.2020.1711655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2020.1711655","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Qigong programme on depression of older adults with mild-moderate depression. The experimental study was conducted at the Public Health Service Centre (PHS) in two randomised districts of Bangkok, Thailand from October to December 2017. This parallel, randomised controlled trial compared the Qigong programme with the usual singing and praying activities among older adults at mild-to-moderate risk of depression. The Qigong programme was based on mind-body exercises incorporate mindful breathing. The intervention group underwent a 3 sessions/week 12-week course of Qigong exercises while the control group participated in singing and praying with the same duration and frequency. The outcome measure was the change in the TGDS from baseline to 12 weeks. Data analysis was conducted using STATA. The outcome data are available for all randomized subjects, all analyses were conducted as intention-to-treat. The Qigong programme was highly significant (−9.88 score points; 95% CI −11.62 to −8.13; p < 0.001) than the control group in reducing depression scores at 12 weeks. Depression score decreased (10.39 score points; 95% CI −11.77 to −9.02; p < 0.001) only in the Qigong group. These findings support the Qigong programme was effective in reducing depression score both in mild and moderate depression community-dwelling older adults. The Qigong programme appears to confer greater improvements than the usual program.","PeriodicalId":10470,"journal":{"name":"Cogent Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76211576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0