Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics最新文献_第5页

Good News from Aliskiren 来自Aliskiren的好消息

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-09-17 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S2862

P. Verdecchia, F. Angeli, G. Reboldi

引用次数: 2

Safety and Efficacy of Didanosine Enteric-Coated Capsule in Patients with HIV-1 Infection 二腺苷肠溶胶囊治疗HIV-1感染的安全性和有效性

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-09-17 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S3049

A. Arenas-Pinto

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Didanosine Enteric-Coated Capsule in Patients with HIV-1 Infection","authors":"A. Arenas-Pinto","doi":"10.4137/CMT.S3049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMT.S3049","url":null,"abstract":"Didanosine (ddI) has been used to treat HIV infection, in combination with other anti-retroviral drugs, for over 15 years. However, the use of the original formulation of ddI was limited by serious gastro-intestinal adverse effects, which were mainly attributable to the buffer used to protect ddI from the effect of gastric pH. Didanosine enteric-coated capsule (ddI-EC), a more recently introduced formulation, is less likely to cause gastrointestinal intolerance and its absorption might not be compromised by food intake. In this review we discuss efficacy of ddI-EC-containing anti-retroviral combinations (cART) both in naive and previously treated patients. Because of its favorable resistance profile, ddI-EC has been shown to be potentially efficacious in rescuing patients in virological failure, even if they have nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)-associated resistance mutations. However, ddI has been shown as a potent inducer of mitochondrial dysfunction. Peripheral neuropathy, severe hyperlactatemia and pancreatitis have all been described in patients exposed to ddI. Close monitoring of patients on ddI-EC-containing cART and low threshold for treatment modifications are required to prevent major complications. In the context of once daily cART, ddI-EC is a valid option, particularly when other agents are not available, or when other medical conditions preclude the use of drugs such as tenofovir or abacavir. The role of ddI-EC in second line cART may be even more important in resource-limited settings where additional options are lacking.","PeriodicalId":10428,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91109202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Montelukast: Pharmacology, Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy 孟鲁司特:药理学，安全性，耐受性和有效性

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-09-15 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S1147

M. Benninger, H. H. Waters

引用次数: 21

Aliskiren for the Treatment of Hypertension: An Update Aliskiren治疗高血压的最新进展

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-09-15 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S1991

Sum Lam, S. Saxena, L. Macina, PE Lester

{"title":"Aliskiren for the Treatment of Hypertension: An Update","authors":"Sum Lam, S. Saxena, L. Macina, PE Lester","doi":"10.4137/CMT.S1991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMT.S1991","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, and requires lifestyle modifications with or without drug therapy to achieve target blood pressure control. Various classes of anti-hypertensive medications are available to healthcare providers. Choice of medications is based not only on efficacy but also tolerability and cost. Aliskiren is the first drug of a new class of agents known as renin inhibitors. It is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as monotherapy or combination therapy with other antihypertensive agents to optimize blood pressure control. Its efficacy in blood pressure reduction is superior to placebo and comparable to angiotensin receptor blockers, hydrochlorothiazide, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and atenolol. It also offers additional blood pressure reduction when used in combination of other agents. Recently, a study demonstrated its efficacy and safety in the elderly, and a study suggested its renoprotective effects in patient who were already taking losartan. More clinical studies are awaited to assess its potential for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. This paper reviews the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of aliskiren for the treatment of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":10428,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78966112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rosiglitazone Maleate and Metformin Hydrochloride in Fixed Combination: What Role in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes? 马来酸罗格列酮与盐酸二甲双胍固定联合治疗2型糖尿病有何作用?

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-09-10 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S2389

R. Farah

引用次数: 0

Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin for Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Women who are Refractory to Both Platinum- and Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy Regimens 聚乙二醇脂质体阿霉素对铂类和紫杉醇类化疗方案均难治的晚期卵巢癌患者的治疗

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-09-09 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S2219

T. Sugiyama, S. Kumagai

{"title":"Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin for Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Women who are Refractory to Both Platinum- and Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy Regimens","authors":"T. Sugiyama, S. Kumagai","doi":"10.4137/CMT.S2219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMT.S2219","url":null,"abstract":"Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is doxorubicin HCl encapsulated in long-circulating STEALTH® liposomes (Doxil®). PLD achieves good response rates and many patients maintain long-lasting stable disease (SD), which is one of the advantages. In addition, the clinical benefit is high in platinum-resistant disease, and PLD is thus considered to be the first option. PLD is associated with a number of adverse events, but these events are mild to moderate. PLD is safer for heavily pretreated patients than topotecan and gemcitabine due to mild bone-marrow toxicity, but that nonhematotoxity, such as PPE, stomatitis, mucositis, and other cutaneous reactions were the most common side effects attributable to PLD. Based on a review of previous studies, there are no differences in efficacy between 50 and 40 mg/m2 of PLD, therefore, a dose of 40 mg/m2 is preferable in patients with platinum-resistant disease to reduce adverse events. The 1-hour infusion schedule every 4 weeks makes PLD easy to administer. A rational approach to combine PLD with other drugs should take the slow accumulation and delayed peak of PLD in tumors into consideration. When combined with other useful agents, the lower dose of PLD (30 to 35 mg/m2) with a 3-week schedule may reduce severe PPE and stomatitis with negligible effects on the level of DI and the therapeutic efficacy.","PeriodicalId":10428,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73669257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Pharmacotherapy of Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Denosumab 绝经后妇女骨质流失的药物治疗:以Denosumab为重点

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-09-09 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S1089

A. Román-González, Kathryn E. Ackerman

引用次数: 2

Azacitidine: A Review of its Use in the Management of Myelodysplastic Syndromes 阿扎胞苷:其在骨髓增生异常综合征治疗中的应用综述

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S1163

P. Lammers, A. Cashen

引用次数: 2

Pharmacotherapy of Restless Legs Syndrome with Pramipexole 普拉克索治疗不宁腿综合征

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S2054

M. Manconi, L. Ferini-Strambi

{"title":"Pharmacotherapy of Restless Legs Syndrome with Pramipexole","authors":"M. Manconi, L. Ferini-Strambi","doi":"10.4137/CMT.S2054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMT.S2054","url":null,"abstract":"The dopamine agonist pramipexole (PRA) ((S)-2-Amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-(propylamino) benzothiazole dihydrochloride; molecular formula C10H17N3S⋅2(HCl), is a D3 selective compound, approved in 1997 for the treatment of Parkinson disease and in 2006 for that of idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS). Because of its tolerability, safety and half-life, PRA is favored over levodopa and on the other ergot derivate dopamine agonists, and it is considered nowadays one of the first choices in the therapy of RLS. PRA is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration, its protein binding is around 15%, it is almost unaffected by hepatic metabolism and excreted by urine unchanged. PRA has a linear pharmacokinetics, with a half-life ranging between 8 and 14 hours. Double-blind, placebo-controlled studies demonstrated that PRA, even at low dosages and since the first nights of administration, is significantly effective on the typical sensitive symptoms of RLS, on the periodic leg movements during sleep, and in improving the quality of life of patients with RLS. A subjective improvement of sleep quality is usually also reported by the patients, but the polysomnographic assessment gave less solid results on objective sleep parameters. The most common PRA related side effects include headache, nausea and orthostatic hypotension. Data on the long-term therapy of PRA in RLS, and on the efficacy of PRA in symptomatic forms of RLS are warranted to better delineate the role of PRA in RLS treatment.","PeriodicalId":10428,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86088670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of the Prevention of Invasive Breast Cancer with Raloxifene in Postmenopausal Women 雷洛昔芬预防绝经后妇女浸润性乳腺癌的研究进展

Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics Pub Date : 2009-09-07 DOI: 10.4137/CMT.S2063

B. Arango, A. Castrellon, E. Santos, S. Glück

{"title":"A Review of the Prevention of Invasive Breast Cancer with Raloxifene in Postmenopausal Women","authors":"B. Arango, A. Castrellon, E. Santos, S. Glück","doi":"10.4137/CMT.S2063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4137/CMT.S2063","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer remains the second leading cause of malignancy-related death in women in the United States, regardless of advances in novel therapeutic agents. High priority should be emphasized in research aimed at the study of pharmacological and natural compounds that may potentially prevent the development of breast cancer in susceptible patients. Among the known selective estrogen receptor modulators with proven chemopreventive effects, raloxifene has been studied in a number of clinical trials evaluating this drug for the prevention of osteoporosis and coronary heart disease. The MORE and CORE trials had as a primary end point the efficacy of raloxifene in the treatment of women with osteoporosis. These studies showed that raloxifene reduced the risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, the STAR trial showed no significant difference between raloxifene and tamoxifen recipients in the incidence of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women at high risk of invasive breast cancer. This review focuses on the chemopreventive properties of raloxifene and the clinical trials that have proven its efficacy as a chemopreventive agent in invasive breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":10428,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76853475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3