Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America最新文献

{"title":"Comorbidity Increases the Risk of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Adults.","authors":"Lene Fogt Lundbo,&nbsp;Zitta Barrella Harboe,&nbsp;Håkon Sandholdt,&nbsp;Lars Smith-Hansen,&nbsp;Palle Valentiner-Branth,&nbsp;Steen Hoffmann,&nbsp;Thomas Benfield","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciab856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Risk of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is increased in patients with complement deficiency and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Risk associated with comorbidity is not well described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a nationwide adult case-control study. Cases for the period 1977-2018 were identified by the national meningococcus reference laboratory. Matched controls were identified by registry linkage. Comorbidities diagnosed prior to IMD were based on the International Classification of Diseases, Eighth or Tenth Revision. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression after adjustment for sex, age, and other comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 1221 cases (45% male), with a median age of 45 years (interquartile range, 22-64 years). The dominant meningococcal serogroups were B (n = 738) and C (n = 337). Increased risk of IMD was associated with solid organ transplantation (SOT) (OR 40.47 [95% CI: 4.84-337.23]), hemolytic anemia (OR 7.56 [95% CI: 2.63-21.79]), renal disease (OR 2.95 [95% CI: 1.77-4.92]), liver disease (OR 2.54 [95% CI: 1.58-4.08]), cancer (OR 2.31 [95% CI: 1.85-2.89]), diabetes (OR 1.74 [95% CI: 1.27-2.39]), neurological disease (OR 1.72 [95% CI: 1.20-2.46]), and autoimmune disease (OR 1.70 [95% CI: 1.63-2.11]). Having 1, 2, and ≥3 comorbidities was associated with increased risk of IMD (ORs 1.6-3.5). Increased risk was not associated with specific serogroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study of adults with IMD over 4 decades showed increased risk of IMD associated with renal disease, immunological disorders, liver disease, cancer, and SOT ranging from a 2- to 40-fold increased risk. Vaccination may be warranted in these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":" ","pages":"125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39476974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019: Where Do We Go From Here?","authors":"Kathleen M Neuzil","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciac090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":" ","pages":"e692-e694"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8903388/pdf/ciac090.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39899719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Hospitalizations After School Reopening During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha (B.1.1.7) Variant Spread: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study in Israel.","authors":"Nir Friedman,&nbsp;Nitai Levy,&nbsp;Or Kaplan,&nbsp;Gabi Padeh,&nbsp;Danna Krupik,&nbsp;Ron Jacob,&nbsp;Shirly Gamsu,&nbsp;Giora Weiser,&nbsp;Naama Kuchinski Cohen,&nbsp;Zeev Schnapp,&nbsp;Noy Cohen,&nbsp;Oren Feldman,&nbsp;Danit Porat,&nbsp;Moran Gal,&nbsp;Alexandra Gleyzer,&nbsp;Tali Capua,&nbsp;Adi Klein,&nbsp;Livnat Sharkansky,&nbsp;Smadar Shilo,&nbsp;Itamar Grotto,&nbsp;Eran Kozer,&nbsp;Itai Shavit","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciac065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This multicenter, cross-sectional study provides evidence on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated emergency department visits and hospitalizations in pediatric wards and intensive care units after school reopening during the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant spread in Israel. Study findings suggest that school reopening was not followed by an increase in SARS-CoV-2-related pediatric morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":" ","pages":"e300-e302"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8807310/pdf/ciac065.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39959316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Brain Alterations in Noncerebral Falciparum Malaria.","authors":"Sanjib Mohanty, Praveen K Sahu, Rajyabardhan Pattnaik, Megharay Majhi, Sameer Maharana, Jabamani Bage, Akshaya Mohanty, Anita Mohanty, Martin Bendszus, Catriona Patterson, Himanshu Gupta, Arjen M Dondorp, Lukas Pirpamer, Angelika Hoffmann, Samuel C Wassmer","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciab907","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciab907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral malaria in adults is associated with brain hypoxic changes on magnetic resonance (MR) images and has a high fatality rate. Findings of neuroimaging studies suggest that brain involvement also occurs in patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM) or severe noncerebral malaria (SNCM) without coma, but such features were never rigorously characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty patients with UM and 21 with SNCM underwent MR imaging on admission and 44-72 hours later, as well as plasma analysis. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated, with values from 5 healthy individuals serving as controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with SNCM had a wide spectrum of cerebral ADC values, including both decreased and increased values compared with controls. Patients with low ADC values, indicating cytotoxic edema, showed hypoxic patterns similar to cerebral malaria despite the absence of deep coma. Conversely, high ADC values, indicative of mild vasogenic edema, were observed in both patients with SNCM and patients with UM. Brain involvement was confirmed by elevated circulating levels of S100B. Creatinine was negatively correlated with ADC in SNCM, suggesting an association between acute kidney injury and cytotoxic brain changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Brain involvement is common in adults with SNCM and a subgroup of hospitalized patients with UM, which warrants closer neurological follow-up. Increased creatinine in SNCM may render the brain more susceptible to cytotoxic edema.</p>","PeriodicalId":10421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":" ","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9402700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39725355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compassionate Use of REGEN-COV® in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Immunodeficiency-Associated Antibody Disorders.","authors":"David Stein,&nbsp;Ernesto Oviedo-Orta,&nbsp;Wendy A Kampman,&nbsp;Jennifer McGinniss,&nbsp;George Betts,&nbsp;Margaret McDermott,&nbsp;Beth Holly,&nbsp;Johnathan M Lancaster,&nbsp;Ned Braunstein,&nbsp;George D Yancopoulos,&nbsp;David M Weinreich","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciab1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab1059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with immunodeficiency-associated antibody disorders are at a higher risk of prolonged/persistent COVID-19 infection, having no viable treatment options.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of patients with primary and/or secondary immunodeficiency-associated antibody disorders who received casirivimab and imdevimab (REGEN-COV®) under emergency compassionate use. Objective were to describe safety and response to REGEN-COV, focusing on the subset of patients who had COVID-19 duration ≥21 days before treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative (change in oxygenation status and/or viral load) and/or qualitative (physician-reported clinical status) outcomes data are reported from 64 patients. Improvement in ≥1 outcome was observed in 90.6% of the overall patient group. Thirty-seven of these had COVID-19 duration ≥21 days before treatment; median time from diagnosis to REGEN-COV treatment was 60.5 days. Of the 29 patients with COVID-19 duration ≥21 days before treatment and available outcome data, 96.6% showed improvement in ≥1 outcome. In the 14 patients with post-treatment reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results available, 11 (78.6%) reported a negative RT-PCR following treatment, with 5 (45.5%) and 8 (72.7%) patients reporting a negative RT-PCR within 5 days and 21 days of treatment, respectively. Ten of 85 patients (11.8%) experienced serious adverse events; only one was an infusion-related reaction, possibly related to REGEN-COV. Two deaths were reported; neither were attributed to REGEN-COV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this retrospective analysis of immunodeficient patients granted REGEN-COV under emergency compassionate use, REGEN-COV treatment was associated with rapid viral clearance and clinical improvement in patients with longstanding COVID-19. Adverse events were consistent with COVID-19 and its associated complications, and due to patients' concurrent medical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":" ","pages":"e509-e515"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/b3/ciab1059.PMC8755381.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39775214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Timing of Remdesivir Initiation in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Administered With Dexamethasone.","authors":"Carlos K H Wong,&nbsp;Kristy T K Lau,&nbsp;Ivan C H Au,&nbsp;Xi Xiong,&nbsp;Matthew S H Chung,&nbsp;Eric H Y Lau,&nbsp;Benjamin J Cowling","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciab728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence is lacking about any additional benefits of introducing remdesivir on top of dexamethasone, and the optimal timing of initiation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a territory-wide cohort of 10 445 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from Hong Kong who were hospitalized between 21 January 2020 and 31 January 2021, 1544 had received dexamethasone during hospitalization. The exposure group consisted of patients who had initiated remdesivir prior to dexamethasone (n = 93) or co-initiated the 2 drugs simultaneously (n = 373), whereas the nonexposure group included patients who were given remdesivir after dexamethasone (n = 149) or those without remdesivir use (n = 929). Multiple imputation and inverse probability of treatment weighting for propensity score were applied and hazard ratios (HRs) of event outcomes were estimated using Cox regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Time to clinical improvement (HR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.49; P = .032) and positive IgG antibody (HR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02-1.46; P = .029) were significantly shorter in the exposure group than that of nonexposure. The exposure group had a shorter hospital length of stay by 2.65 days among survivors, lower WHO clinical progression scale scores from 5 days of follow-up onwards, and lower risks of in-hospital death (HR = .59; 95% CI, .36-.98; P = .042) and composite outcomes; and without experiencing an increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Differences in the cumulative direct medical costs between groups were no longer significant from 17 days of follow-up onwards.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Initiation of remdesivir prior to or simultaneously with dexamethasone was associated with significantly shorter time to clinical improvement and positive IgG antibody, lower risk of in-hospital death, in addition to shorter length of hospital stay in patients with moderate COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":10421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":" ","pages":"e499-e508"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8513400/pdf/ciab728.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39332764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab Together in High-Risk Ambulatory Patients With COVID-19 and Validation of the Prognostic Value of Persistently High Viral Load.","authors":"Michael Dougan,&nbsp;Masoud Azizad,&nbsp;Bharat Mocherla,&nbsp;Robert L Gottlieb,&nbsp;Peter Chen,&nbsp;Corey Hebert,&nbsp;Russell Perry,&nbsp;Joseph Boscia,&nbsp;Barry Heller,&nbsp;Jason Morris,&nbsp;Chad Crystal,&nbsp;Awawu Igbinadolor,&nbsp;Gregory Huhn,&nbsp;Jose Cardona,&nbsp;Imad Shawa,&nbsp;Princy Kumar,&nbsp;Andra Blomkalns,&nbsp;Andrew C Adams,&nbsp;Jacob Van Naarden,&nbsp;Kenneth L Custer,&nbsp;Jack Knorr,&nbsp;Gerard Oakley,&nbsp;Andrew E Schade,&nbsp;Timothy R Holzer,&nbsp;Philip J Ebert,&nbsp;Richard E Higgs,&nbsp;Janelle Sabo,&nbsp;Dipak R Patel,&nbsp;Matan C Dabora,&nbsp;Mark Williams,&nbsp;Paul Klekotka,&nbsp;Lei Shen,&nbsp;Daniel M Skovronsky,&nbsp;Ajay Nirula","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciab912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Based on interim analyses and modeling data, lower doses of bamlanivimab and etesevimab together (700/1400 mg) were investigated to determine optimal dose and expand availability of treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This Phase 3 portion of the BLAZE-1 trial characterized the effect of bamlanivimab with etesevimab on overall patient clinical status and virologic outcomes in ambulatory patients ≥12 years old, with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and ≥1 risk factor for progressing to severe COVID-19 and/or hospitalization. Bamlanivimab and etesevimab together (700/1400 mg) or placebo were infused intravenously within 3 days of patients' first positive COVID-19 test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 769 patients were infused (median age [range]; 56.0 years [12, 93], 30.3% of patients ≥65 years of age and median duration of symptoms; 4 days). By day 29, 4/511 patients (0.8%) in the antibody treatment group had a COVID-19-related hospitalization or any-cause death, as compared with 15/258 patients (5.8%) in the placebo group (Δ[95% confidence interval {CI}] = -5.0 [-8.0, -2.1], P < .001). No deaths occurred in the bamlanivimab and etesevimab group compared with 4 deaths (all COVID-19-related) in the placebo group. Patients receiving antibody treatment had a greater mean reduction in viral load from baseline to Day 7 (Δ[95% CI] = -0.99 [-1.33, -.66], P < .0001) compared with those receiving placebo. Persistently high viral load at Day 7 correlated with COVID-19-related hospitalization or any-cause death by Day 29 in all BLAZE-1 cohorts investigated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data support the use of bamlanivimab and etesevimab (700/1400 mg) for ambulatory patients at high risk for severe COVID-19. Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants will require continued monitoring to determine the applicability of this treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>NCT04427501.</p>","PeriodicalId":10421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":" ","pages":"e440-e449"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/42/ciab912.PMC9402688.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39843688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining Reproduction Number Estimates to Account for Unobserved Generations of Infection in Emerging Epidemics.","authors":"Andrea Brizzi,&nbsp;Megan O'Driscoll,&nbsp;Ilaria Dorigatti","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciac138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estimating the transmissibility of infectious diseases is key to inform situational awareness and for response planning. Several methods tend to overestimate the basic (R0) and effective (Rt) reproduction numbers during the initial phases of an epidemic. In this work we explore the impact of incomplete observations and underreporting of the first generations of infections during the initial epidemic phase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We propose a debiasing procedure that utilizes a linear exponential growth model to infer unobserved initial generations of infections and apply it to EpiEstim. We assess the performance of our adjustment using simulated data, considering different levels of transmissibility and reporting rates. We also apply the proposed correction to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidence data reported in Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all simulation scenarios, our adjustment outperforms the original EpiEstim method. The proposed correction reduces the systematic bias, and the quantification of uncertainty is more precise, as better coverage of the true R0 values is achieved with tighter credible intervals. When applied to real-world data, the proposed adjustment produces basic reproduction number estimates that closely match the estimates obtained in other studies while making use of a minimal amount of data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed adjustment refines the reproduction number estimates obtained with the current EpiEstim implementation by producing improved, more precise estimates earlier than with the original method. This has relevant public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":" ","pages":"e114-e121"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9402635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39931955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Waves in Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective, Multicenter, Cohort Study.","authors":"Yaron Niv,&nbsp;Noa Eliakim-Raz,&nbsp;Yaron Bar-Lavi,&nbsp;Manfred Green,&nbsp;Jacob Dreiher,&nbsp;Amit Hupert,&nbsp;Laurence Freedman,&nbsp;Yoram Weiss,&nbsp;Riki Zetland,&nbsp;Shirli Luz,&nbsp;Doron Menachemi,&nbsp;Michael Kuniavsky,&nbsp;Gaila Rahav,&nbsp;Ram Sagi,&nbsp;Nethanel Goldschmidt,&nbsp;Hanna Mahalla","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciac119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 was first diagnosed in Israel at the end of February 2020. By the end of June 2021, there were 842 536 confirmed cases and 6428 deaths. Our aim in this multicenter, retrospective, cohort study is to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients and compare the pandemic waves before immunization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of 22 302 patients hospitalized in general medical centers, we randomly selected 6329 for the study. Of these, 3582 and 1106 were eligible for the study in the first period (first and second waves) and in the second period (third wave), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-day mortality was higher in the second period than in the first period, 25.20% vs 13.68% (P < .001). Invasive mechanical ventilation supported 9.19% and 14.21% of patients in the first period and second period, respectively. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used more than twice as often in the second period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Invasive ventilation, use of ECMO, and mortality rate were 1.5 to 2 times higher in the second period than in the first period. In the second period, patients had a more severe presentation and higher mortality than those in the first period.</p>","PeriodicalId":10421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":" ","pages":"e389-e396"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8903399/pdf/ciac119.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39610979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination Boosts Neutralizing Activity Against Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.","authors":"Jan Lawrenz,&nbsp;Qinya Xie,&nbsp;Fabian Zech,&nbsp;Tatjana Weil,&nbsp;Alina Seidel,&nbsp;Daniela Krnavek,&nbsp;Lia van der Hoek,&nbsp;Jan Münch,&nbsp;Janis A Müller,&nbsp;Frank Kirchhoff","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciac057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac057","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Most of the millions of people that are vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, have previously been infected by related circulating human coronaviruses (hCoVs) causing common colds and will experience further encounters with these viruses in the future. Whether or not COVID-19 vaccinations impact neutralization of seasonal coronaviruses is largely unknown.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We analyzed the capacity of sera derived from 24 individuals before and after heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 BNT162b2 prime-boost vaccination to neutralize genuine OC43, NL63 and 229E hCoVs, as well as viral pseudoparticles carrying the SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, hCoV-OC43, -NL63 and -229E spike proteins. Genuine hCoVs or spike containing pseudovirions were incubated with different concentrations of sera and neutralization efficiencies were determined by measuring viral RNA yields, intracellular viral nucleocapsid expression, or reporter gene expression in Huh-7 cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000All individuals showed strong preexisting immunity against hCoV-OC43. Neutralization of hCoV-NL63 was more variable and all sera showed only modest inhibitory activity against genuine hCoV-229E. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination resulted in efficient cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-1 but not of MERS-CoV. On average, vaccination significantly increased the neutralizing activity against genuine hCoV-OC43, -NL63 and -229E.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Heterologous COVID-19 vaccination may confer some cross-protection against endemic seasonal coronaviruses.","PeriodicalId":10421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":" ","pages":"e653-e661"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b1/b6/ciac057.PMC8807272.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39737030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}