The West Indian medical journal最新文献_第9页

Effect of Repeated Recruitment Manoeuvres on Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. 反复招募手法对严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的影响。

The West Indian medical journal Pub Date : 2015-05-15 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.082

M-Q Li, Guan-jie Han, J-Q Li, Jy Xu, Z. Shi, Z. Zhang, F. Lu, X-M Wang, Y-J Xu, X. Mo

{"title":"Effect of Repeated Recruitment Manoeuvres on Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.","authors":"M-Q Li, Guan-jie Han, J-Q Li, Jy Xu, Z. Shi, Z. Zhang, F. Lu, X-M Wang, Y-J Xu, X. Mo","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.082","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE\u0000The study aimed to evaluate the influence of repeated recruitment manoeuvres (RRMs) on lung injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Forty-one ventilated patients with severe ARDS were selected for this study. Recruitment manoeuvres (RMs) were conducted with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP; 30 cm H2O for 40 seconds). Recruitment manoeuvres were repeated every two hours for all three groups. Changes in haemodynamics, pulmonary compliance, gas exchange and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) were monitored before RM (pre-RM), 10 minutes after each RM, and four hours after RM3 (4 hours post-RRM). Pulmonary inflammatory factors (tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin [IL]-6 and -10) were also analysed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Compared with those in pre-RM, pulmonary compliance, oxygenation index (ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen [PaO2/FiO2]) and EVLWI remarkably improved in RM1, RM2, RM3 and 4 hours post-RRM (p < 0.05). The PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased significantly in RM1 and RM3 (p < 0.05). Extravascular lung water index decreased significantly in RM1 compared with that in RM3 and 4 hours post-RRM (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in cytokines.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Repeated recruitment manoeuvres during lung-protected ventilation can improve pulmonary compliance and oxygenation and significantly decrease extravascular lung water in ARDS patients. Lung injury was not worsened by RRMs in patients with severe ARDS.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131277896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Bilateral Septic Neonatal Orchiepididymitis - Case Report. 新生儿双侧感染性睾丸附睾炎1例。

The West Indian medical journal Pub Date : 2015-05-15 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.037

I. Djordjevic, D. Živanović, A. Slavkovic, Z. Marjanovic

引用次数: 2

Impact of the 'Providing Access to Continued Education' Programme on Repeat Teenage Pregnancy in the Bahamas. 巴哈马“提供继续教育机会”方案对少女重复怀孕的影响。

The West Indian medical journal Pub Date : 2015-05-15 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.281

Sakharkar Vp, MA Frankson, Sakharkar Pr

{"title":"Impact of the 'Providing Access to Continued Education' Programme on Repeat Teenage Pregnancy in the Bahamas.","authors":"Sakharkar Vp, MA Frankson, Sakharkar Pr","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.281","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000To determine the relationship of determinants such as age, ethnicity, education and sexual behaviour with repeat teenage pregnancy and to determine the impact of 'Providing Access to Continued Education' (PACE) programme in reducing repeat teenage pregnancy amongst its participants in The Bahamas.\u0000\u0000\u0000Subjects and Methods\u0000This retrospective cohort study included 397 attendees of the Adolescent Health Centre (AHC). Eighty-eight out of 139 registered participants completed the PACE programme. Data on age, ethnicity, education, sexual behaviour and repeat pregnancy in two years were analysed for descriptive statistics, and association of demographic characteristics and participation in the PACE programme with repeat pregnancy using the Chi-squared test.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Mean age of participants was 16.4 ± 1.1 years; median school grade and mean grade point average (GPA) was 11 and 1.97 ± 0.7, respectively. The mean age at the first sexual activity was 14.9 ± 1.2 years. The mean age and number of sexual partners were 21 ± 4.3 years and 2 ± 1, respectively. Overall, repeat pregnancy rate was 39%: 37.4% amongst PACE registered and 31.8% amongst PACE completed mothers. No significant difference was observed in repeat pregnancy between registered and non-registered as well as those who completed the programme and those who did not. The odds ratio of 0.525 suggested that completion of the PACE programme had a moderate protective effect on reducing repeat pregnancy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000Age, ethnicity, education and sexual behaviour showed no association with repeat pregnancy. The PACE programme did not reduce repeat pregnancy rate significantly. However, completion of the programme offered a moderate protection.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133755096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

State and Regional Differences in the Male-to-Female Ratio at Birth in the United States of America, 1995-2012. 1995-2012年美国出生时男女比例的州和地区差异

The West Indian medical journal Pub Date : 2015-05-15 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.284

V. Grech

{"title":"State and Regional Differences in the Male-to-Female Ratio at Birth in the United States of America, 1995-2012.","authors":"V. Grech","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.284","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000In humans, live male births slightly exceed females and this ratio is conventionally expressed as male live births divided by total live births (M/F). A wide variety of factors have been shown to influence M/F including latitude, stress, socio-economic status and race. This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether there are differences in M/F in different states and in different geographical regions in the United States of America (USA).\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Annual live births by gender for the period 1995-2012 were obtained from the website of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These were grouped according to the four regions devised by the United States Census Bureau, Geography Division.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000This study encompassed 52 601 559 live births for the period 1995-2012 (M/F: 0.5117; 95% CL: 0.5116, 0.5118). Southern states tended to have a lower male-to-female ratio. Hawaii had a high M/F (p < 0.0001). The male-to-female ratio for the South region was significantly less (p = 0.004). This region had the highest proportion of Black mothers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000The high Hawaiian M/F is in keeping with Micronesian island findings. The M/F latitude gradient accords with that previously noted in the USA. Historically, Blacks have been shown to have a lower M/F than other races. Long-term stress related to maternal socio-economic status has also been shown to influence M/F, and Blacks are known to be disadvantaged to this day. It is possible that the low M/F historically noted in this race may be due to chronically poor socio-economic circumstances.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131898503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Denoising of Ultrasound Cervix Image Using Improved Anisotropic Diffusion Filter. 基于改进各向异性扩散滤波的超声子宫颈图像去噪。

The West Indian medical journal Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.235

R. Jemila Rose, S. Allwin

引用次数: 6

Traumatic Dorsal Dislocation of the Four Ulnar Metacarpals. 外伤性四尺掌骨背侧脱位。

The West Indian medical journal Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.167

Murphy Cg, A. Korczyńska, P. Nicholson

引用次数: 0

Prediction of Normal Ovulation by Sonographic Folliculometry Involving Natural Cycles among Women in Ojo, Southwest Nigeria. 通过超声卵泡测定法预测尼日利亚西南部Ojo妇女的正常排卵，包括自然周期。

The West Indian medical journal Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.103

C. Eze, H. C. Ugwu, C. Eze, K. Ochie, I. U. Nwadike, C. Otika

{"title":"Prediction of Normal Ovulation by Sonographic Folliculometry Involving Natural Cycles among Women in Ojo, Southwest Nigeria.","authors":"C. Eze, H. C. Ugwu, C. Eze, K. Ochie, I. U. Nwadike, C. Otika","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.103","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Accurate prediction of ovulation is important in the management of female infertility.\u0000\u0000\u0000Aim\u0000To determine the sonographic sensitivity of reduction in follicular size and disappearance of ovarian follicle as predictors of imminent ovulation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000This was a longitudinal study involving 100 women between the ages of 18 and 35 years. Transvaginal sonography with 6.5 MHz probe frequency was performed with a General Electric (RT 2800) ultrasound machine. Dominant follicles were identified and measured in both the longitudinal and transverse planes and their disappearance was monitored prior to ovulation. Laboratory luteinizing hormone test strips were used to test serum samples collected daily from each patient to confirm the time of ovulation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Pre-ovulation follicular size among the subjects was in the range of 18-36 mm while the mean follicular size was 26.78 ± 4.03 mm. Prior to ovulation, disappearance and reduction in follicular size was noted in 59% and 41% of subjects, respectively. Luteinizing hormone test was also positive and peaked prior to ovulation in 92% of the subjects among whom follicles disappeared in 37% while their size reduced in 55%. There was no statistically significant difference between sonographic and laboratory findings (p > 0.05). Age, height, weight and body mass index do not have significant influence (p > 0.05) on follicular size and ovulation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Sonographic observation of complete disappearance of a dominant follicle and reduction in follicular size of surrogate follicles after follicular rupture appeared to be a reliable predictor of imminent ovulation.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128291299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sonographic Biometry of Fetal Interorbital Distance as a Predictor of Gestational Age in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. 尼日利亚东南部埃努古地区胎儿眶间距离的声像生物测量法作为妊娠年龄的预测指标。

The West Indian medical journal Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.102

Uchechukwu I Nwadike, K. Agwu, Charles Ugwoke Eze, Okpala Oc, Onu Ao

{"title":"Sonographic Biometry of Fetal Interorbital Distance as a Predictor of Gestational Age in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria.","authors":"Uchechukwu I Nwadike, K. Agwu, Charles Ugwoke Eze, Okpala Oc, Onu Ao","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.102","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000The objective of this study was to develop a sonographic technique for the measurement of fetal interorbital distance (IOD) for gestational age (GA) determination and to establish a normogram of IOD for the local population.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000The fronto-transverse sonographic technique was established as a feasible and reproducible technique for IOD measurement. Two independent and experienced sonographers tested the technique and had a coefficient of variation of 17.64% and 19.72%, respectively, which is statistically insignificant. The established technique was used to measure the IOD of 320 fetuses from the 13th week to 40th week GA, while standard technique was used to measure biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC) and femur length (FL) of the fetuses. The data obtained were used to determine the regression equation GA = 6.24 + 4.89 IOD for the prediction of the gestational age.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000There was good correlation between IOD, BPD, HC and FL. The predicted normogram of IOD was compared with normogram of the Caucasian population. The result showed that there was no statistical difference between them (p < 0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Results from the study suggest that the fronto-transverse technique is a feasible and reproducible technique for IOD measurement and the established normogram of IOD can be a veritable statistic for GA prediction in our locality.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126974756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Radiolucent Foreign Body: A Diagnostic Dilemma. 放射性异物:诊断难题。

The West Indian medical journal Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.101

S. Yadav, S. Malik, Hitesh Chander Mittal, P. Puri, M. Garg, U. Garg

引用次数: 1

The Radioprotective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Thymoquinone on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Liver Tissue of Rats Exposed to Total Head Irradiation. 咖啡酸苯乙酯和百里醌对全头部辐照大鼠肝组织氧化和亚硝酸盐应激的辐射防护作用。

The West Indian medical journal Pub Date : 2015-05-12 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.176

O. Cıkman, S. Taysı, M. Gulsen, E. Demir, M. Akan, H. Diril, H. A. Kiraz, M. Karaayvaz, M. Tarakçıoğlu

{"title":"The Radioprotective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Thymoquinone on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Liver Tissue of Rats Exposed to Total Head Irradiation.","authors":"O. Cıkman, S. Taysı, M. Gulsen, E. Demir, M. Akan, H. Diril, H. A. Kiraz, M. Karaayvaz, M. Tarakçıoğlu","doi":"10.7727/wimj.2014.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7727/wimj.2014.176","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of addition of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and thymoquinone (TQ) on oxidative and nitrosative stress in the liver tissue of irradiated rats.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups to test the radioprotective effectiveness of TQ and CAPE administered by intraperitoneal injection. Appropriate control groups were also studied.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Liver antioxidant capacity, as measured by levels of total superoxide scavenger activity (TSSA), non-enzymatic superoxide scavenger activity (NSSA) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity except superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were statistically lower in the irradiation (IR) group compared to all other groups. Total superoxide scavenger activity and NSSA were statistically higher in the IR plus TQ and IR plus CAPE groups compared to all other groups. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly found to increase in the IR plus CAPE group compared to control groups. The xanthine oxidase (XO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities, nitric oxide (NO●) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the IR group were statistically higher than in the other groups. Moreover, XO activity in the IR plus TQ group was statistically lower than all other groups including the IR plus CAPE group. In addition, NO● level was found to increase in all groups when compared to the normal control group.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000Thymoquinone and CAPE decrease oxidative and nitrosative stress markers and have antioxidant effects, which also increase antioxidant capacity in the liver tissue of irradiated rats.","PeriodicalId":104133,"journal":{"name":"The West Indian medical journal","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116300448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6