Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019最新文献

{"title":"Horizontal Infill Well with AICDs Improves Production in Mature Field - A Case Study","authors":"I. Giden, Michael Nirtl, Hans Thomas Maier, I. M. Ismail","doi":"10.2118/195450-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/195450-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of three horizontal infill wells in a mature field, of which one is completed with autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs). The analytic results are based on the comparison of oil production rates; water cut development and water-oil ratio plots of the wells. All the wells in this study are producing from the same homogeneous sandstone reservoir.\u0000 Two of the horizontal infill wells are targeting attic oil in an area with low risk of gas production of which one of these wells is completed with slotted liners and the other with AICDs. Both are artificially lifted with high rate electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). The third horizontal well was placed in an area with higher gas saturation, where a completion with casing, cementation and perforation was used. The performance of the horizontal wells is compared against each other.\u0000 The use of active geo-steering successfully supported the well placement into the \"sweet spot\" of the reservoir due to real-time well path adjustments.\u0000 It was found that the AICDs choke back a high amount of fluid and keep the water cut at a stable plateau level. This observation underlines the key benefit of using AICDs as when comparing to the other producing wells without AICDs, the water cut is steadily increasing.\u0000 Therefore the use of AICDs is a real option for horizontal well completion.\u0000 This paper will be useful to those who are in a phase of early well planning, e.g. in a field (re-)development project and have to select the best well concept (e.g. slotted liner vs. AICDs). AICDs have proven their value even in a super-mature oil field by improving production. Further advantages and challenges during operation are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":103248,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123996422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage Capacity Using Machine Learning and Optimization Framework","authors":"Junyu You, W. Ampomah, E. Kutsienyo, Qian Sun, R. Balch, W. N. Aggrey, M. Cather","doi":"10.2118/195490-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/195490-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents an optimization methodology on field-scale numerical compositional simulations of CO2 storage and production performance in the Pennsylvanian Upper Morrow sandstone reservoir in the Farnsworth Unit (FWU), Ochiltree County, Texas. This work develops an improved framework that combines hybridized machine learning algorithms for reduced order modeling and optimization techniques to co-optimize field performance and CO2 storage.\u0000 The model's framework incorporates geological, geophysical, and engineering data. We calibrated the model with the performance history of an active CO2 flood data to attain a successful history matched model. Uncertain parameters such as reservoir rock properties and relative permeability exponents were adjusted to incorporate potential changes in wettability in our history matched model.\u0000 To optimize the objective function which incorporates parameters such as oil recovery factor, CO2 storage and net present value, a proxy model was generated with hybridized multi-layer and radial basis function (RBF) Neural Network methods. To obtain a reliable and robust proxy, the proxy underwent a series of training and calibration runs, an iterative process, until the proxy model reached the specified validation criteria. Once an accepted proxy was realized, hybrid evolutionary and machine learning optimization algorithms were utilized to attain an optimum solution for pre-defined objective function. The uncertain variables and/or control variables used for the optimization study included, gas oil ratio, water alternating gas (WAG) cycle, production rates, bottom hole pressure of producers and injectors. CO2 purchased volume, and recycled gas volume in addition to placement of new infill wells were also considered in the modelling process.\u0000 The results from the sensitivity analysis reflect impacts of the control variables on the optimum results. The predictive study suggests that it is possible to develop a robust machine learning optimization algorithm that is reliable for optimizing a developmental strategy to maximize both oil production and storage of CO2 in aqueous-gaseous-mineral phases within the FWU.","PeriodicalId":103248,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123776042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Semi-Analytical Poroelastic Solution to Evaluate the Stability of a Borehole Drilled Through a Porous Medium Saturated with Two Immiscible Fluids","authors":"Jiajia Gao, H. Lau, Jin Sun","doi":"10.2118/195515-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/195515-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Conventional drilling design tends to inaccurately predict the mud density needed for borehole stability because it assumes that the porous medium is fully saturated with a single fluid while in actuality it may have two or more fluids.\u0000 This paper provides a new semi-analytical poroelastic solution for the case of an inclined borehole subjected to non-hydrostatic stresses in a porous medium saturated with two immiscible fluids, namely, water and gas. The new solution is obtained under plane strain condition. The wellbore loading is decomposed into axisymmetric and deviatoric cases. The time-dependent field variables are obtained by performing the inversion of the Laplace transforms. Based on the expansion of Laplace transform solution, we derive the unsaturated poroelastic asymptotic solutions for early times and for a small radial distance from an inclined wellbore. The model is verified by analytical solutions for the limiting case of a formation saturated with a single fluid. The impact of the unsaturated poroelastic effect on pore pressure, stresses and borehole stability is investigated.\u0000 Our results show that the excess pore pressure due to the poroelastic effect is generally higher for the saturated case (water) than the unsaturated case due to the large difference between the compressibility of fluid phases (water and gas). The time-dependency of the poroelastic effect causes the safe mud pressure window of both the unsaturated and saturated cases to narrow and approach the long-time poroelastic one with increasing time. The safe mud pressure window narrows with increasing initial gas saturation. The commonly used assumption that the formation is fully saturated by one fluid (such as water) tends to be conservative in predicting the mud density required for borehole stability.\u0000 This new semi-analytical poroelastic solution enables the drilling engineer to more accurately estimate the time-dependent stresses and the pore pressure around a borehole, thus allowing him to design the mud weight to ensure borehole stability.","PeriodicalId":103248,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116429072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural Imaging and Characterization of Organic Matter Presented in Carbonate Oil Reservoirs","authors":"A. Ivanova, D. Orlov, N. Mitiurev, A. Cheremisin, M. Khayrullin, A. Zhirov, I. Afanasiev, G. Sansiev","doi":"10.2118/195456-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/195456-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 More than a half of world's hydrocarbon reserves is presented in carbonate reservoirs. Conventional waterflooding leads to inefficient oil recovery from these reservoirs, because majority of them have mixed or oil-wet wetting properties. It is well documented in literature, that the main reason of oil wetness of carbonate rocks is adsorbed components from crude oil. Although progress has been made in determination of oil components, which have a tendency to react with carbonates, carbonate reservoirs development still remains challenging. Hence, in this study we investigated the distribution of adsorbed oil components on rock surfaces in order to define their influence on fluids flow through porous carbonate samples.\u0000 This work presents the results for several carbonate core samples taken from the oil zone of an oil reservoir, which mostly consist of calcite with the small impurities of magnesite and quartz. The work provides the standard study of pore structure of samples to assess the solvents influence on pore network of samples using μCT; the method of evaluation of the amount of organic matter adsorbed on calcite using Rock - Eval pyrolysis; the visualization of such matter distribution through samples; and also the results of kinetics experiments in order to evaluate the bond disruption energy between organic matter and surface. Studies have shown that combination of pyrolysis and μCT provides comprehensive and improved data about organic matter.","PeriodicalId":103248,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122694060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Thorough Coreflood Study of the Effect of Gas Viscosity on the Performance of Gas and WAG Injections under Near-Miscible Displacement Conditions in a Weakly Water-Wet Sandstone Rock","authors":"Bashir Alkhazmi, S. A. Farzaneh, M. Sohrabi","doi":"10.2118/195566-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/195566-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A Water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection is a broadly practised technique in oil fields. Gas viscosity is a significant parameter that can affect the efficiency of gas and WAG injections. By conducting the current coreflood experiments at reservoir conditions, we aimed to investigate the effect of gas viscosity on gas and WAG injection performance in terms of oil recovery and differential pressure.\u0000 Both WAG injection experiments were performed on the same Clashach sandstone core, under weakly water-wet and near miscible (gas/oil IFT = 0.04 mN.m-1) conditions, using two different hydrocarbon systems (C1-nC4 and C1-nC10). To eliminate the impact of the experimental artifact, a long and large core (2ft x 2 in) was employed. In addition, after each initial water injection, water was pumped through the core at multi-rates, for further investigation of the impact of capillary end effects on our experimental results. To facilitate the interpretation of the data and the comparison, the same injection strategy and methodology were followed in both coreflood experiments. In each injection scenario, four water slugs, starting with primary water flooding, were injected in an alternating manner with four gas cycles.\u0000 The results of these WAG experiments showed that the cyclic oil recovery performance during different water and gas injection cycles increased as the number of WAG slugs increased. Investigating the effect of gas viscosity on the performance of oil recovery during gas and WAG injections revealed higher oil recovery performance during the tertiary (three-phase displacement) water injection cycles that were subsequent to the preliminary water flood periods, in WAG injection with C1-nC4 than that in C1-nC10. In contrast, the efficiency of oil recovery during the successive gas injection cycles (under three-phase conditions) was lower in C1-nC4 than that in C1-nC10. The ultimate oil recovery achieved by WAG injection under weakly water-wet and near miscible conditions reached 93 % and 94.5 % (IOIP %) in C1-nC4 and C1-nC10 respectively. On the other hand, the results showed also an extra oil quantity of 3.7 % (Sor%) recovered during the alternation of water and gas injections post-waterflood, by C1-nC10 compared with that in C1-nC4. Studying the impact of the gas viscosity on the injectivity showed a significant drop in the periodic gas injectivity, during different gas injection cycles in WAG injection for C1-nC10 compared with its values for C1-nC4.\u0000 A comprehensive series of data sets, generated for two WAG injection experiments with different hydrocarbon fluids (C1-nC4 and C1-nC10) will be reported in this paper. WAG injection is a special case that involves complex multi-phase and multi-physics processes, which are well-known to be difficult to reliably predict by the current existing reservoir simulators. Therefore, representative and reliable experimental data are needed to improve our understanding of the complex underlying mechanisms of oil","PeriodicalId":103248,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116349416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Souring Prediction on Mature Waterflooded Reservoirs in North Kuwait","authors":"S. I. Al-Refai, M. Al-ajmi, Lukman Oduola, C. Martinez","doi":"10.2118/195561-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/195561-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Presence of H2S detected in producing wells of North Kuwait sweet waterflooded reservoirs over the last 18 years, gave indications of biogenic souring. In response to this, the Kuwait Oil Company engaged in detailed souring potential assessments of selected reservoirs such as the Raudhatain Mauddud (RAMA), to predict the further generation of H2S and define the required souring mitigation strategy to ensure safe production over the remaining field life.\u0000 The souring simulation modelling was conducted on the RAMA subsurface model with support from Shell, using a state of the art souring prediction program. The initial phase of the study consisted in the history match simulation to define the most likely souring mechanism in the field. The forecast considered various scenarios with a range of sensitivities on carbon nutrient and sulphate levels, both in formation and injected water in the field.\u0000 The history match simulation results showed a good correlation with most of the producers with available H2S data. The Forecast simulation over the next 15-year period predicts a moderate souring severity for this reservoir, based on the maximum H2S mass flow rate of 90 kg/d and H2S in gas maximum concentration of 85 ppmv at the field level.\u0000 This work provides the petroleum Industry further insights into the souring behavior when effluent water is injected in addition to seawater, particularly the effects of additional carbon nutrients fed into the reservoir.","PeriodicalId":103248,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123357935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Foam-Assisted Surfactant Flooding at Reservoir Conditions","authors":"M. Janssen, Abdulaziz S. Mutawa, R. Pilus, P. Zitha","doi":"10.2118/195481-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/195481-MS","url":null,"abstract":"Foam-Assisted Surfactant Flooding (FASF) is a novel enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method combining the reduction of oil-water (o/w) interfacial tension (IFT) to ultra-low values and foaming of a gas drive for mobility control. We present a detailed laboratory study on the FASF process at reservoir conditions. The stability of two specially selected surfactants in the vicinity of original injection water, i.e. sea water, at 90°C was assessed. The phase behaviour of the crude oil-surfactant-brine systems and the ability of the two selected surfactants to generate stable foam in bulk were studied in presence and in absence of crude oil. The phase behaviour and bulk tests resulted in the formulations of the surfactant slug and drive solutions. The slug solution aims for oil mobilisation by lowering of the o/w IFT and the drive formulation is required for gas foaming for mobility control. CT scanned core-flood experiments were conducted in Bentheimer sandstone cores initially brought to residual oil by water flooding. Oil mobilisation was obtained by injecting a surfactant slug at either under-optimum (o/w IFT of 10-2 mN/m) or optimum (o/w IFT of 10-3 mN/m) salinity conditions. At both salinities the injected surfactant slug yielded the formation of an unstable oil bank due to dominant gravitational forces. Optimum salinity surfactant slug was notably more effective at reducing residual oil to waterflood (81% reduction) compared to the under-optimum salinity slug (30% reduction). After oil mobilisation, drive foam was either generated in-situ by co-injection with nitrogen gas or was pre-generated ex-situ and then injected to displace mobilised oil. It was found that, at optimum salinity, FASF yielded an ultimate recovery factor of 40±5% of the oil in place (OIP) after water flooding whereas under-optimum salinity FASF showed a recovery of 35±7% of OIP after water flooding. Experiments have shown that the presence of crude oil is detrimental to in-situ foam generation and stability. Pre-generated drive foam increased its ultimate oil recovery by 13% of the OIP after water flooding compared to in-situ foam generation at optimum salinity.","PeriodicalId":103248,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133328374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Method For Mitigating Injectivity Issues During Polymer Flooding at High Salinity Conditions","authors":"Julia Schmidt, M. Yegane, Fatima Dugonjić‐Bilić, B. Gerlach, P. Zitha","doi":"10.2118/195454-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/195454-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Synthetic high molecular weight polymers have been utilized for enhanced oil recovery applications. Improving their injectivity remains an important issue for field applications. Large entangled polymer chains can clog pore throats, leading to injectivity decline. We investigated an emulsion polymer system and have developed a series of processing techniques to condition an acrylamide-based copolymer inverse emulsion system at a salinity of 50,000 ppm TDS before injection into porous media. The investigated polymer solution contained 4,000 ppm active emulsion polymer and 2,400 ppm inverter surfactant.\u0000 The un-conditioned polymer system and test conditions were chosen to clearly demonstrate the impact of processing techniques on the injectivity behavior. The polymer solution was sheared with two agitators, a disperser and Ultra-Turrax, at different intensities and with a pressure-driven flow into a thin capillary to reduce the size of the largest polymer chains and disentangle the polymer chains while maintaining its viscosifying power. The injectivity of such differently sheared solutions was evaluated by performing filtration tests using a 1-micron membrane and sand-pack flooding tests.\u0000 Our experiments have established a master curve showing viscosity and screen factor dependences on accumulated energy during pre-shearing, regardless of the mode of shearing. The un-sheared polymer solution had an unfavorable behavior in filtration test and sand-pack flooding experiment. After pre-shearing, the filtration behavior of polymer solution and the injectivity in sand-packs improved significantly. Polymer solutions sheared with a disperser at an energy input of 15 MJ/m3 improved the injectivity gradient (e.g. the ratio of the resistance factor over 30 pore volumes injected) from 3.7 to 1.6, while the viscosifying power was reduced by only 2%. To reach the same injectivity improvement with Ultra-Turrax, an energy input of 31 MJ/m3 were required, which reduced the viscosity by 11%. Shearing the solution using a capillary at an energy input of 50 MJ/m3, did not reduce the injectivity gradient while viscosity was reduced by 19%. This indicates that the injectivity performance is shear-origin dependent and the resulting polymer structure, when sheared through contractions, has a different alignment as compared to shearing with the agitators, the disperser and Ultra-Turrax.","PeriodicalId":103248,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115101841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation Induced Well Deformation","authors":"E. Skomedal, Joonsang Park, D. Huynh, J. Choi","doi":"10.2118/195475-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/195475-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There are a lot of reports of formation induced damage of wells world-wide. Despite extensive literature on the subject, formation induced damage is not a standardized part of well design. One reason may be that the associated fundamental mechanism is not yet fully understood, which makes it difficult to implement in design rules. As a step towards practical design, this paper aims at improving the understanding of characteristic mechanisms of well formation interaction by analytical solutions to two simple cases. The first case considered is a vertical well in a compacting reservoir and is solved by elasticity theory. An elastic length parameter is derived, which is function of the axial stiffness of well and shear stiffness of formation. The well is then shown to follow the deformation of the compacting reservoir, with exception of a transient zone around the boundary to the overburden. The elastic length determines the size of this transient zone. Through the transient zone, the axial force reduces towards zero in the overburden. A learning is that in many cases it is sufficient to instrument the well casing or liner to measure reservoir compaction. The result also supports the finding that the high number of well damage in the deep overburden is due to another mechanism: shear deformation or slip of a weak plane crossing the well. This second case is also studied analytically yet based on plasticity theory. Input parameters to this model are shear and moment capacity of the well, shear strength of the formation and a load displacement characteristic of the formation. A general finding is that during such slip, the well is normally not able to resist, and it fails by exceeding the moment capacity at a distance from the shear plane.\u0000 The final and third case studied is ovalization of the cross section of a horizontal well due to pressure from the formation. This is a phenomenon occurring in salt and weak shale. It is a more complex interaction problem and a numerical simulation by finite element is used to solve it. A workflow is developed for an uncemented part of a horizontal well in a shale formation. Input parameters are in-situ stress, pore pressure and stiffness and strength of well and formation. Since the vertical stress is larger than the horizontal, the shear mobilization is largest to the side of the casing and shear failure starts there, initiating plastic deformation until contact and start of ovalization by reducing the lateral diameter of the well. By reduction of the mud pressure in the outer annulus, the contact area grows. Finally, the structural capacity of an ovalized casing with full formation contact is calculated. The formation is found to have some supporting effect and the resulting capacity is higher than the capacity of an ovalized casing without formation support.","PeriodicalId":103248,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115151515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Optimisation of Chemically Enhanced Oil Recovery in Fractured Reservoirs Using Dual-Porosity Models","authors":"Ali Al-Rudaini, S. Geiger, E. Mackay, C. Maier, Jackson Andreas Pola","doi":"10.2118/195448-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/195448-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We propose a workflow to optimise the configuration of multiple interacting continua (MINC) models and overcome the limitations of the classical dual-porosity model when simulating chemically enhanced oil recovery processes. Our new approach captures the evolution of the concentration front inside the matrix, which is key to design a more effective chemically enhanced oil recovery projects in naturally fractured reservoirs. Our workflow is intuitive and based on the simple concept that fine-scale single-porosity models capture fracture-matrix interaction accurately and can hence be easily applied in a commercial reservoir simulator. Results from the fine-scale single-porosity system are translated into an equivalent MINC method that yields more accurate results than the classical dual-porosity model or a MINC method where the shells are arbitrarily selected.\u0000 Our approach does not require the tuning of capillary pressure curves (\"pseudoisation\"), diffusion coefficients, MINC shells, or the generation of recovery type curves, all of which have been suggested in the past to model more complex recovery processes. A careful examination of the fine-scale single-porosity model (\"reference case\") shows that a number of nested shells emerge, describing the advance of the concentration and saturation fronts inside the matrix. The number of shells is related to the required degree of refinement, i.e. the number of shells, in the improved MINC model. Using the results from a fine-scale single-porosity simulation to set up the shells in the MINC model is easy and requires only simple volume calculations. It is hence independent of the chosen simulator.\u0000 Our improved MINC method yields significantly more accurate results compared to a classical dual-porosity model, a MINC method with equally sized shells, or a MINC model with arbitrarily refined shells for a number of recovery scenarios that cover a range of matrix wettabilities and permeabilities. In general, improved results can be obtained when selecting five or fewer shells in the MINC. However, the actual number of shells is case-specific. The largest improvement is observed for cases when the matrix permeability is low.\u0000 The novelty of our approach is the easy-to-use method to define shells for a MINC model to predict chemically enhanced oil recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs more accurately, especially in cases where the matrix has low permeability. Hence the improved MINC method is particularly suitable to model chemical EOR processes in (tight) fractured carbonates.","PeriodicalId":103248,"journal":{"name":"Day 4 Thu, June 06, 2019","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128398143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}