Jad M. Abdelsattar, Moustafa M. El Khatib, T. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, D. Farley
{"title":"Stomach","authors":"Jad M. Abdelsattar, Moustafa M. El Khatib, T. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, D. Farley","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190650506.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650506.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"The stomach develops during the fifth week of gestation from the dilated caudal portion of the foregut. The gastric cardia is just distal to the gastroesophageal junction, the fundus is the upper curvature to the left of the cardia, the body is the central region between the fundus and antrum, and the antrum tapers into the pylorus. Gastric parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, chief cells secrete pepsinogen, and G cells secrete gastrin. PUD is the most common cause of massive UGI bleeding. Although a UGI series can be used for diagnosis of gastric lesions, some are indistinguishable from benign peptic ulcers. Possible complications of gastric surgery include bleeding, anastomotic leak or stricture, or reflux esophagitis.","PeriodicalId":102588,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic General Surgery","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134243749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jad M. Abdelsattar, Moustafa M. El Khatib, T. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, David R. Farley
{"title":"Soft Tissue","authors":"Jad M. Abdelsattar, Moustafa M. El Khatib, T. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, David R. Farley","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190650506.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650506.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"The integumentary system is formed from the mesoderm. Skin and its appendages compose the largest bodily organ. The integumentary system and underlying soft tissue (fat, fascia, and muscle) protect the body from damage and infection. Skin lesions are typically asymptomatic, but they occasionally itch, bleed, or ulcerate. Work-up for diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas includes CT, MRI, and biopsy. First-line treatment for symptomatic benign lipomas is surgical resection. Complications of surgical treatment of malignant tumors of the skin and soft tissue are postoperative bleeding, infection, hematoma, and recurrence.","PeriodicalId":102588,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic General Surgery","volume":" 985","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141218152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jad M. Abdelsattar, M. Khatib, T. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, D. Farley
{"title":"Jejunum and Ileum","authors":"Jad M. Abdelsattar, M. Khatib, T. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, D. Farley","doi":"10.1007/1-84628-169-5_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-169-5_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":102588,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic General Surgery","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132684215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jad M. Abdelsattar, Moustafa M. El Khatib, T. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, D. Farley
{"title":"Biliary Tree","authors":"Jad M. Abdelsattar, Moustafa M. El Khatib, T. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, D. Farley","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190650506.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190650506.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The biliary tree forms in the endodermal diverticulum of the caudal foregut. The left and right hepatic ducts drain the hepatic sinusoids and join to form the CHD, which joins the cystic duct to form the CBD. Hepatocytes produce bile, which passes through ducts and empties into the CHD and into the GB for storage. Small gallbladder stones occasionally descend into the CBD. Dilatation of the CHD (>4 mm) or CBD (>7 mm) is diagnosed with US. Patients with cholangitis should be resuscitated, given broad-spectrum antibiotics, and have the biliary tree drained with ERCP in preparation for cholecystectomy. ERCP can result in hemorrhage, injury to the duodenum, and pancreatitis.","PeriodicalId":102588,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic General Surgery","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125680171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jad M. Abdelsattar, Moustafa M. El Khatib, T. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, D. Farley
{"title":"Duodenum","authors":"Jad M. Abdelsattar, Moustafa M. El Khatib, T. Pandian, Samuel J. Allen, D. Farley","doi":"10.32388/xxzi90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32388/xxzi90","url":null,"abstract":"The duodenum develops from endoderm of the caudal portion of the foregut and the cranial portion of the midgut. It is roughly 26 cm length, extending from the pylorus to the ligament of Treitz. Brunner glands secrete a bicarbonate-rich mucus that is protective to the duodenal mucosa and provides an alkaline environment for digestive enzymes to activate. Duodenal ulcers, often caused by Helicobacter pylori, can cause epigastric pain. UGI and EGD studies can show ulcers or masses in the duodenum. Severe bleeding, perforation, and obstruction caused by duodenal ulcers are managed surgically. Complications of duodenal surgery may include bleeding, anastomotic leak or stricture, bile duct injury, pancreatitis or leak, reflux esophagitis, or dumping syndrome.","PeriodicalId":102588,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic General Surgery","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122807477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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