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The effect of potassium rate on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) 施钾量对烤烟产量和品质的影响
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2012-08-24 DOI: 10.3381/12-019R.1
M. Vann, L. Fisher, D. Jordan, D. Hardy, W. Smith, A. M. Stewart
{"title":"The effect of potassium rate on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)","authors":"M. Vann, L. Fisher, D. Jordan, D. Hardy, W. Smith, A. M. Stewart","doi":"10.3381/12-019R.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/12-019R.1","url":null,"abstract":"Research was conducted at 2 locations in 2009 and 2010 to determine the effect of potassium rate on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Treatments included 8 rates of potassium from sulfate of potash magnesia (K-Mag, 0–0–22): 0, 84, 112, 140, 168, 196, 224, and 252 kg K2O ha−1. A complete (N–P–K) fertilizer that supplied 134 kg K2O ha−1 was also included as a control treatment. All fertilizer was applied in a single band application within 10 days after transplanting. Yield was measured and samples were assigned an official U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) grade. Crop value was determined based on yield and grade. Tissue samples were collected throughout the season at 3 separate times: at layby, at topping, and after curing. Tissue samples were analyzed for total alkaloid and reducing sugar content as well as N, P, K, and Mg content at North Carolina State University. Soil samples were also collected at transplanting, which corresponded with potassium fertilizer application, and were analyze...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83910736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
EVALUATION OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND RIPENING AGENT USED IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO WHEN SPRAY-SOLUTION APPLICATION IS DELAYED 延迟喷液施用时烤烟生长调节剂和催熟剂的评价
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2012-08-24 DOI: 10.3381/11-017.1
Peter M. Eure, L. Fisher, A. M. Stewart, D. Jordan
{"title":"EVALUATION OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND RIPENING AGENT USED IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO WHEN SPRAY-SOLUTION APPLICATION IS DELAYED","authors":"Peter M. Eure, L. Fisher, A. M. Stewart, D. Jordan","doi":"10.3381/11-017.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/11-017.1","url":null,"abstract":"Information is limited concerning the effect on efficacy of flue-cured tobacco growth regulators and a ripening agent resulting from delayed application after solution preparation. Efficacy of C8-C10 fatty alcohol, flumetralin, flumetralin plus maleic hydrazide, and maleic hydrazide in 1 experiment and ethephon in a second experiment was evaluated when spray solutions were prepared the day of application or 3 and 7 days before application. Regardless of the number of days prepared before application, all solutions were applied on the same day. Solutions were mixed in the same water source with a pH of 6.7 and were stored in the dark at room temperature. Efficacy of C8-C10 fatty alcohol, flumetralin, flumetralin plus maleic hydrazide, and maleic hydrazide was not influenced when left in spray solution for up to 7 days. Leaf yellowing by ethephon 3 days after treatment was variable when spray solutions were prepared in opened or closed containers 7 days before application. Leaf yellowing by ethephon 5 days ...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91206019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
PLANT AGE AND STRAIN OF RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM AFFECT THE EXPRESSION OF RESISTANCE OF TOBACCO CULTIVARS TO GRANVILLE WILT 株龄和品系对烟草品种对青枯病的抗性表达有影响
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2012-08-23 DOI: 10.3381/11-013R.1
M. Katawczik, A. Mila
{"title":"PLANT AGE AND STRAIN OF RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM AFFECT THE EXPRESSION OF RESISTANCE OF TOBACCO CULTIVARS TO GRANVILLE WILT","authors":"M. Katawczik, A. Mila","doi":"10.3381/11-013R.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/11-013R.1","url":null,"abstract":"Granville wilt (GW), a devastating disease of tobacco, is best managed through a combination of rotation with nonhost crops, soil fumigation, and implementation of resistant cultivars. Resistance i...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85144148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
EVALUATION OF FLOAT TRAYS WITH HIGH CELL NUMBERS ON STAND COUNTS AND YIELDS IN A CLOSE-GROWN TOBACCO PRODUCTION SYSTEM 高细胞数浮塔对近地烟草生产系统中烟台数量和产量的评价
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2012-02-07 DOI: 10.3381/10-005.1
R. Mundell, Orlando D. Chambers, James P . O'Daniel, H. Davies
{"title":"EVALUATION OF FLOAT TRAYS WITH HIGH CELL NUMBERS ON STAND COUNTS AND YIELDS IN A CLOSE-GROWN TOBACCO PRODUCTION SYSTEM","authors":"R. Mundell, Orlando D. Chambers, James P . O'Daniel, H. Davies","doi":"10.3381/10-005.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/10-005.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract New applications for tobacco plants as manufacturing systems for medical and industrial products are in a sufficiently advanced stage of development that attention is now being directed at the efficiency and cost effectiveness of crop production. The greenhouse costs associated with raising transplants are an important factor, partly because the high planting density of these new tobacco crops in the field will greatly increase the number of transplants needed per unit area of production, and thus the overall cost of the crop, and partly because the transgenic transplants that will be used in some strategies will need to be raised in more stringently quarantined greenhouse facilities according to governmental regulations. Thus minimizing the square footage of greenhouse space for the production of transplants is a desirable objective. The float-bed system that is now widely used to produce tobacco transplants can physically accommodate a higher transplant density than is conventionally employed, ...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83819872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
EFFICACY OF AZOXYSTROBIN FUNGICIDE AGAINST SORE SHIN OF SHADE TOBACCO CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI 氮唑菌酯杀菌剂对茄枯丝核菌所致阴烟胫痛的防治效果
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/11-014.1
J. LaMondia
{"title":"EFFICACY OF AZOXYSTROBIN FUNGICIDE AGAINST SORE SHIN OF SHADE TOBACCO CAUSED BY RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI","authors":"J. LaMondia","doi":"10.3381/11-014.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/11-014.1","url":null,"abstract":"Azoxystrobin fungicide was evaluated for efficacy against Rhizoctonia solani, causal agent of tobacco sore shin, in greenhouse and in vitro tests. Azoxystrobin significantly increased root weights and reduced disease ratings compared with untreated controls in 2004 and 2005, and also reduced the percent of the stem girdled in 2005 (not measured in 2004). Some phytotoxicity (observed as flecks) was visible on 1 or 2 leaves of Quadris-treated transplants about 1 week after treatment. Leaves that expanded after treatment did not show symptoms. Activity of azoxystrobin fungicide in vitro was not as effective as might be expected from field observations and greenhouse experiments. Dose– response experiments of R. solani mycelial growth rate on azoxystrobin-amended half-strength Potato dextrose agar measured mycelial growth inhibition of only 30% by 1,000 mg/ ml ai. Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), used to inhibit the alternative oxidase pathway in a number of fungi, was tested at 100 mg/ml SHAM in media to determine the efficacy of azoxystrobin against 2 isolates of R. solani in the absence of the alternative oxidase pathway. In the presence of SHAM, the inhibition of mycelial growth was over the LD50 for all concentrations tested, indicating that R. solani does use an alternative oxidation pathway in vitro. However, the observed inhibition decreased over time; inhibition averaged over all azoxystrobin concentrations was 63.3% after the first 24 hr, 52.0% after 48 hr and only 26.5% during the third–fourth day of exposure (P 5 0.001). It appears that an additional mechanism of alternative oxidation may become active over time in R. solani. Azoxystrobin (Quadris) is registered for management of tobacco blue mold and should be valuable as a transplant band treatment to protect shade-grown tobacco plants from sore shin caused by R. solani. Additional key words: alternative oxidase pathway, Nicotiana tabacum, Quadris, sore shin","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76149671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
EFFECTS OF 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM L.) WITH THE INITIATION OF CHEMICAL SENESCENCE FROM APPLICATIONS OF 2-CHLOROETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID 1-甲基环丙烯对烤烟(nicotiana tabacum)的影响随着2-氯乙基膦酸应用引发化学衰老
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/10-007.1
Zachary Taylor, L. Fisher, W. Smith, K. Edmisten, R. Wells, D. Jordan, S. Blankenship
{"title":"EFFECTS OF 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO (NICOTIANA TABACUM L.) WITH THE INITIATION OF CHEMICAL SENESCENCE FROM APPLICATIONS OF 2-CHLOROETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID","authors":"Zachary Taylor, L. Fisher, W. Smith, K. Edmisten, R. Wells, D. Jordan, S. Blankenship","doi":"10.3381/10-007.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/10-007.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ripening and holding ability of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are critical components of producing high-quality leaf desired by the tobacco leaf buyers. Research was conducted in North Carolina during 2006 to 2008 at 2 locations to determine if applications of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) could inhibit chemically enhanced senescence from applications of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid in flue-cured tobacco. Treatments consisted of 1-MCP at 26 g ai ha−1 and at 13 g ai ha−1. Applications of 1-MCP were initiated before optimal ripeness on the basis of traditional judgment of harvest timing and included applications at: 14 days before normal final harvest, 14 and 7 days before normal final harvest, 7 days before normal final harvest, and 7 and 1 days before normal final harvest. Treatments also included applications of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid at 1,680 g ai ha−1 to enhance chemical senescence at the normal harvest timing. Soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values were taken before (b...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85448690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF BALE SIZE AND DENSITY ON TSNA FORMATION IN BALED BURLEY TOBACCO 成捆大小和密度对白烟成捆后tsna形成的影响
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2011-12-30 DOI: 10.3381/10-011.1
Margarita Velandia, V. Witcher, H. P. Denton
{"title":"EFFECT OF BALE SIZE AND DENSITY ON TSNA FORMATION IN BALED BURLEY TOBACCO","authors":"Margarita Velandia, V. Witcher, H. P. Denton","doi":"10.3381/10-011.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/10-011.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nitrosamines are nitrogen-containing compounds that occur in trace amounts in everyday items. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) have been identified as some of the most potent carcinogens in tobacco products. The objective of this study was to evaluate market preparation conditions affecting TSNA levels in cured burley tobacco. The data for this study were based on a market-preparation experiment design to study bale density and size effects on TSNA levels during storage in Greenville, TN following the 2005, 2006, and 2007 growing seasons. Standard and flue-cured sized bales were evaluated at standard and high density levels. The effects of bale size and density were estimated by evaluating TSNA content changes between the baling and sale time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for all the years combined. Results show that bale size and density do not have a significant effect on TSNA level changes.","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88694484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
THE IMPORTANCE OF MOISTURE TIMELINESS FOR OPTIMAL CROP YIELD AND LEAF QUALITY IN BURLEY TOBACCO1 水分及时性对白肋烟最佳产量和叶品质的重要性
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2011-12-30 DOI: 10.3381/09-003.1
T. Bridges, L. R. Walton, G. Palmer
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF MOISTURE TIMELINESS FOR OPTIMAL CROP YIELD AND LEAF QUALITY IN BURLEY TOBACCO1","authors":"T. Bridges, L. R. Walton, G. Palmer","doi":"10.3381/09-003.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/09-003.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Time periods during the burley growing season were identified when increases or decreases in available moisture had significant influences on burley crop yield and crop quality. This was accomplished with the use of 42 years of daily precipitation and evapotranspiration data (1959–2000) along with the yearly crop yield data for the Kentucky locations of Louisville, Lexington, and Paducah. Crop quality was defined with the use of 3 leaf color groups—tan, red, and green—and a yearly grade index, and these were determined from Kentucky statewide sales percentages for the period of record. Available moisture was defined as the difference in daily precipitation and evapotranspiration, and this difference was used to define a growing-season available moisture index (AMI) for each year in the period of record. Correlation procedures were used to search the growing season for time periods when increases or decreases in the AMI resulted in significant increases or decreases in the various color groups and...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77977676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
ON-FARM PERFORMANCE OF A MECHANICAL BURLEY TOBACCO HARVESTING SYSTEM 机械白肋烟收获系统的农场性能
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/10-008.1
L. Wells, T. Smith, G. B. Day, M. Harpring
{"title":"ON-FARM PERFORMANCE OF A MECHANICAL BURLEY TOBACCO HARVESTING SYSTEM","authors":"L. Wells, T. Smith, G. B. Day, M. Harpring","doi":"10.3381/10-008.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/10-008.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A mechanical burley tobacco harvesting system manufactured by GCH International, Inc. was evaluated on 2 burley farms in 2007. Self-propelled harvesters placed mature plants into portable ...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84220940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
THE EFFECTS OF 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE ON RIPENING DELAY AND HOLDING ABILITY IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO 1-甲基环丙烯对烤烟延迟成熟和保持能力的影响
Chinese Tobacco Science Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.3381/10-006.1
Zachary Taylor, L. Fisher, W. Smith, K. Edmisten, R. Wells, D. Jordan, S. Blankenship
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE ON RIPENING DELAY AND HOLDING ABILITY IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO","authors":"Zachary Taylor, L. Fisher, W. Smith, K. Edmisten, R. Wells, D. Jordan, S. Blankenship","doi":"10.3381/10-006.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3381/10-006.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ripening and holding ability of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) are critical components of producing the high-quality leaf desired by buyers. Research was conducted at 2 location...","PeriodicalId":10257,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Tobacco Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82960072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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