{"title":"Applications of Electrokinetics and Dielectrophoresis on Designing Chip-Based Disease Diagnostic Platforms","authors":"Ezekiel O. Adekanmbi, Soumya K. Srivastava","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82637","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the concepts of electrokinetics, dielectrophoresis and how they intertwine with other forces in microsystems to aid microfluidic disease diagnostics. Methods of obtaining the intrinsic electrical properties of biological materials are first discussed alongside the mechanisms governing the variations in the intrinsic properties when biological entities become diseased/infected. The procedure and importance of modeling and simulation of disease detection platforms prior to their fabrication and testing is also discussed. Fabrication techniques for low- and high-resource settings are presented as well. The various applications of the synergy of dielectrophoresis and electrokinetics for disease detection are discussed. The chapter will end with some novel ideas about the believed future directions of the electrokinetic methods for early, intermediate, and late-stage disease detection either as adjuncts of various existing diagnostic methodologies or as a stand-alone diagnostic alternative.","PeriodicalId":102276,"journal":{"name":"Bio-Inspired Technology [Working Title]","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126210332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opening the “Black Box” of Silicon Chip Design in Neuromorphic Computing","authors":"Kangjun Bai, Y. Yi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83832","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromorphic computing, a bio-inspired computing architecture that transfers neuroscience to silicon chip, has potential to achieve the same level of computation and energy efficiency as mammalian brains. Meanwhile, threedimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) design with non-volatile memory crossbar array uniquely unveils its intrinsic vector-matrix computation with parallel computing capability in neuromorphic computing designs. In this chapter, the state-of-the-art research trend on electronic circuit designs of neuromorphic computing will be introduced. Furthermore, a practical bio-inspired spiking neural network with delay-feedback topology will be discussed. In the endeavor to imitate how human beings process information, our fabricated spiking neural network chip has capability to process analog signal directly, resulting in high energy efficiency with small hardware implementation cost. Mimicking the neurological structure of mammalian brains, the potential of 3D-IC implementation technique with memristive synapses is investigated. Finally, applications on the chaotic time series prediction and the video frame recognition will be demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":102276,"journal":{"name":"Bio-Inspired Technology [Working Title]","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115848008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lorenzo Preti, Barbara Lambiase, E. Campodoni, M. Sandri, A. Ruffini, N. Pugno, A. Tampieri, S. Sprio
{"title":"Nature-Inspired Processes and Structures: New Paradigms to Develop Highly Bioactive Devices for Hard Tissue Regeneration","authors":"Lorenzo Preti, Barbara Lambiase, E. Campodoni, M. Sandri, A. Ruffini, N. Pugno, A. Tampieri, S. Sprio","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82740","url":null,"abstract":"Material scientists are increasingly looking to natural structures as inspiration for new-generation functional devices. Particularly in the medical field, the need to regenerate tissue defects claims, since decades, biomaterials with the ability to instruct cells toward formation and organization of new tissue. It is today increasingly accepted that biomimetics is a leading concept for biomaterials development. In fact, there is increasing evidence that the use of biomedical devices showing substantial mimicry of the composition and multi-scale structure of target native tissues have enhanced regenerative ability. As a relevant example, biomimetic materials have high potential to solve degenerative diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system, namely, bone, cartilage and articular tissues, which is of pivotal importance for most of human abilities, such as walking, running, manipulating, and chew-ing. In this respect, the adoption of nature-inspired processes and structures is an emerging fabrication concept, uniquely able to provide biomaterials with superior biological performance. The chapter will give an overview of the most recent results obtained in the field of hard tissue regeneration by using 3D biomaterials obtained by nature-inspired approaches. The main focus is given to porous hydroxyapatite-based ceramic or hybrid scaffolds for regeneration of bone and osteochondral tissues in neurosurgery and orthopedics.","PeriodicalId":102276,"journal":{"name":"Bio-Inspired Technology [Working Title]","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129221335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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