{"title":"Almanya’daki Türklerin 60 Yılının Akademik Çalışmalara Yansıması: Değişen İlgi Alanları, Dönüşen Yaklaşımlar ve Araştırılması Gereken Konular","authors":"Muhammet Mustafa İyi̇","doi":"10.52241/tjds.2021.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52241/tjds.2021.0027","url":null,"abstract":"30 Ekim 1961’de Türkiye ve Almanya arasında imzalanan işgücü anlaşması sonrasında Türkiye’den Almanya’ya yoğun kitlesel göçler gerçekleşmiştir. Başlarda geçici olması planlanan bu göç hareketinin zamanla kalıcı bir hal almaya başladığı görülmüştür. Böylelikle 60 yıldır Almanya’da varlığını sürdüren bir Türk diasporası meydana gelmiştir. Tüm bu süreçler Türkiye’de akademik araştırmaların da ilgi odağı olmuştur. Almanya’daki Türkler, 1960’lardan günümüze değin akademik çalışmalarda farklı konu bağlamlarında ele alınmıştır. Öyle ki 1960’larda ekonomi, işçi tasarrufları ve sanayileşme hareketleri bağlamında işçi göçü ele alınırken 1980’lerde Almanya’da yetişen yeni kuşakların eğitim, dil ve kültür konuları ve geriye dönenler üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. 2000’lere gelindiğinde ise çalışmaların eğitim, dil, kimlik, vatandaşlık ve yabancı düşmanlığı gibi konulara yöneldiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışma 1961 sonrasında kitlesel olarak Türkiye’den Almanya’ya gerçekleşen göç hareketinin ve zamanla kalıcılaşan Almanya’daki Türklerin, akademik çalışmalara nasıl yansıdığı ile akademik çalışmalarda hangi bağlamda konu olduğunu Türkiye’de yazılmış tezler üzerinden incelemektedir.","PeriodicalId":101684,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134395654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relationship Between the Police and Third Generation Turkish Immigrants in Germany","authors":"Özden Dumanli","doi":"10.52241/tjds.2021.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52241/tjds.2021.0023","url":null,"abstract":"With globalization, countries’ demographic structures have evolved into multicultural societies and this has laid the groundwork for ethnic, religious and cultural conflicts. The conflict process was also the beginning of ongoing integration problems between the majority in a society and minorities with different origins. Third generation Turkish immigrants are nested with a serious identity problem in Germany today. In this a specific example of multiculturalism, Turkish immigrants have adopted spatial segregation as a security method. This is caused by identity security anxiety and reveals another dimension of alienation and exclusion in modern societies with their criminalization by the police. The police are expected to stop conflict by considering the principle of equality and to reduce discrimination to the minimum level. Criminalizing Turkish immigrants and negative experiences in judicial processes, also shape the confidence people have in the police. Finally, immigrants attempt to seek proper security of their own, in the community, where the sense of trust is also alienated. This article discusses the presence of crime and violence as a part of the everyday life of Turkish immigrants, by what means does subjective security become the cause of objective insecurity, and how two different cultures confront each other due to feelings of insecurity towards the police, in the search for security.","PeriodicalId":101684,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies","volume":"222 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120885959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Limits of Citizenship Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe","authors":"Ayşenur Aygül","doi":"10.52241/tjds.2021.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52241/tjds.2021.0030","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of the concept of citizenship’s roots go back to ancient Greece and, in the modern sense, began with the French revolution. The notion of citizenship has expanded in terms of rights and liabilities and more people have been included through citizenship over time, following the developments in the political history of the world. In her book entitled Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe, Yasemin Nuhoğlu Soysal (1994) covers the expansion of immigrant rights that once only belonged to citizens of certain countries. The book first published in 1994 consists of nine chapters.","PeriodicalId":101684,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129227175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nach dem Islamismus: Eine Ethnographie der Islamischen Gemeinschaft Milli Görüş","authors":"F. G. AĞCA-VAROĞLU","doi":"10.52241/tjds.2021.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52241/tjds.2021.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Werner Schiffauer's book, After Islamism: An Ethnography of The Islamic Community Milli Görüş (IGMG), was first published by Suhrkamp Verlag in 2010 and translated to Turkish in 2021. The book consists of seven chapters and aims to give an inside view of experiences and contribute to the ethnography of Islam in Germany. The author conducted several interviews with leading actors and members of the post-Islamist generation, participated in IGMG events, and carried out long-term research between 2000 and 2009. In addition, many documents such as newspapers, interviews, police transcripts, court records, parliamentary minutes, and reports from the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz) are used as objects of analysis.","PeriodicalId":101684,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies","volume":"88 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128000994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Turkish-German Bridge: A Unique Socio-Spatial Construction in Kreuzberg","authors":"Allan Cooper Dell","doi":"10.52241/tjds.2021.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52241/tjds.2021.0022","url":null,"abstract":"With the migration of Turkish people to Germany came the need to negotiate identity in a different space. Interactions and connections with their origin space and destination space create an opportunity for a new type of hybrid identity and manifestation in the neighborhoods where they live. The Kreuzberg neighborhood in Berlin is a place with ephemeral, unspoken borders, where Turkish-German residents face inclusion and exclusion on both sides. This dual-othering has a deep impact on the social psychology of this group and how socio-spatial practices are negotiated. This article examines how Turkish-Germans in Kreuzberg re-appropriate their identity and its spatial component to produce a unique space of their own.","PeriodicalId":101684,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131096198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"İş Gücü Anlaşmasının Altmışıncı Yılında Aidiyet ve Ötekileştirilme Arasında Almanyalı Türkler","authors":"A. Aslan","doi":"10.52241/tjds.2021.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52241/tjds.2021.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Ulusaşırı alanda varlık göstermeye çalışan Türkiye kaynaklı göç kökenli topluluk; genellikle entegrasyon ve kimlik kavramları etrafında tartışılan çeşitli ikilemler yaşamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye kökenli Almanyalı Türklerin aidiyet hissetme ve ötekileştirilme arasında yaşadıkları ikilemleri tespit etmektir. Alman anayasası ve hukuk mevzuatı azınlıkların haklarını genel olarak korur görünürken Almanya kamuoyunun önemli bir kısmı özellikle Müslüman azınlığa yönelik olumsuz tutumlara sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye kökenlilerin aidiyetleri, Türkiye ve Uyum Araştırmaları Merkezi Vakfı’nın Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya eyaletindeki Türk kökenli göçmenlere yönelik araştırmasının verilerinden yararlanılarak incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada NRW postmigrantisch- Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya Nüfusunun Almanya’daki Müslümanlara Yönelik Tutumları başlıklı araştırmanın verileri Axel Honneth’in tanı(n)ma teorisi ve Honneth ile Ferdinand Sutterlüty’nin normatif paradoks modelinden yararlanılarak yorumlanmaktadır. Çalışmada; Türkiye kökenli Almanyalı Müslümanların tarihinde yaşanan ikilemlerin sürdüğü, çoğunluk toplumunun önemli bir kısmının Müslümanları dışlayıcı bir tutuma sahip oldukları ve bu durumun genel demokratik ilkelere tehdit potansiyeli içerdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":101684,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132132055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paving the Way for Entrenching the Diaspora’s Voting Rights under the Nigerian Laws: Legal Prospects, Challenges and Potential Solutions","authors":"AA Elgujja","doi":"10.52241/TJDS.2021.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52241/TJDS.2021.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Diaspora overseas or external voting hinges on citizen’s universal right to vote and has become popular among modern democracies all over the world. Over a hundred nations have so far adopted overseas or with varying scopes and/or restrictions. Currently, Nigerian laws do not provide for the right of Nigerians living overseas to participate in elections unless they personally present themselves for registration and voting at designated centers in Nigeria. Since 1999, calls have persisted among Nigerians in the diaspora for law reforms to enable them to exercise their universal right to vote during elections. Since then, various administrations in the Nigerian government have yielded to those calls by setting up an independent dedicated body that is saddled with the responsibility of engaging and mobilizing Nigerians living overseas as equal allies in national development. Nigerians in the diaspora, as equal citizens, should be allowed to exercise their right to vote just like their peers. This article reviews the 1999 Nigerian Constitution and the Electoral Act of 2010 and finds that there are some legal hurdles that have to be tackled to allow diaspora overseas voting, and proffers some constitutional amendments and other legal reforms that are necessary to bring this lofty concept into fruition.","PeriodicalId":101684,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126662354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diaspora FDI: Why do Returning Migrants Invest in Their Home Countries and What are the Main Difficulties They Face? The Case of Romania","authors":"V. Bodocan, I. Egresi","doi":"10.52241/TJDS.2021.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52241/TJDS.2021.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Migrants play a significant role in increasing economic links between their home and adoptive countries. They contribute to increasing trade and increasing capital flows between the respective countries in the form of remittances and direct investment. In the context of Romania, only a trickle of this capital flow is in the form of direct investment, although diaspora direct investment (DDI) may represent a more desirable form for the state than remittances. The purpose of this study is two-fold. On one hand, it aims at investigating why Romanians from the diaspora invest in their homeland and, on the other hand, it seeks to understand why the number of diaspora investors is still so low. The study is based on qualitative content analysis of newspaper articles featuring interviews with diaspora entrepreneurs. We found that decisions to return and invest in Romania were motivated by both push (homesickness, lack of economic opportunities in the adoptive countries, the need for a new challenge, and patriotism) and pull factors (business opportunities and beautiful, attractive places in Romania). The main constraining factors were found to be excessive bureaucracy, people’s mentality, shortage of labor, and other adverse economic conditions. While the findings of this study confirm some of the results posted by previous studies, they also propose some motivations for DDI that were not captured by other works on the subject.","PeriodicalId":101684,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132896775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergence of Afro-Turks in Turkish Politics","authors":"M. Özkan","doi":"10.52241/TJDS.2021.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52241/TJDS.2021.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid-2000s, Turkey’s almost forgotten and invisible Africa-rooted Turkish citizens, the Afro-Turks, have come to the surface. Because of their small number, they have never been conspicuous before. However, since 2003, with Turkey’s opening to Africa policy, they have become much more discernable in the Turkish public sphere with festivals and activities. Ankara has also officially supported their activities financially and technically. This article argues that there is a strong link between their emergence as an ethnic minority in Turkey and Ankara’s assertive Africa policy to deepen relations with the continent. The case of Afro-Turks indicates that when foreign policy inclination is matched with domestic policy, even a tiny minority can become more discernable and visible in the political arena.","PeriodicalId":101684,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130719986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Boundaries of the Turkish Diaspora","authors":"M. Köse","doi":"10.52241/TJDS.2021.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52241/TJDS.2021.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This article briefly investigates the evolution of Turkish diaspora over the course of history and pays particular attention to major diaspora formation approaches. Then, the focuses on the Turkish Diaspora within which, before all else, emigration and changing borders are considered major components for diaspora formation. This paper also demonstrates that the history of Turkish emigrant communities began in the 19th century during the Ottoman era and dramatically increased after WWII, during the Turkish Republic era. This study, in particular, focuses on autochthonous aspects of the Turkish diaspora, which came into existence as a result of the Ottoman State’s territorial losses.","PeriodicalId":101684,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Diaspora Studies","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121732527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}