Medycyna pracy最新文献

{"title":"[Editorial].","authors":"Anna Janocha","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01659","DOIUrl":"10.13075/mp.5893.01659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101460,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of telemedicine in urological care for the elderly - benefits, challenges, and future perspectives].","authors":"Sebastian Adrian Fedorowicz, Adrian Suława, Wojciech Tomkalski, Tomasz Michalik","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01632","DOIUrl":"10.13075/mp.5893.01632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aging population has led to an increasing number of patients with urological conditions, such as urinary tract infections, prostate and bladder cancer, and nephrolithiasis. These diseases often require regular medical visits, posing challenges for elderly patients with usually limited mobility, as well as for the burdened healthcare system. Telemedicine, through remote consultations and telemonitoring tools, can improve the care of urological patients, which require further analysis. A literature review in Polish and English was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases with the keywords: \"telemedicine in urology,\" \"telehealth in urology,\" \"telehealth,\" \"telementoring,\" and \"telemedicine.\" Articles meeting the criteria, standards of practice according to the current guidelines, and relevant content related to the listed keywords were included. The authors evaluated the publications, excluding outdated information. Telemedicine facilitates early diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients, reducing transport. Remote consultations allow for the assessment of laboratory and imaging results, monitoring of cancer treatment, and planning of surgical and pharmacological treatments. In andrology, telemedicine supports hormonal therapy and infertility diagnostics. The use of virtual rounds and surgical telementoring enhances the effectiveness of surgical treatment. Although studies indicate high acceptance and adaptation rates of telemedicine among patients and physicians, significant barriers to its implementation remain. These include limited technological proficiency among elderly patients, lack of formal training and standardization of telemedical procedures, and concerns regarding data security and confidentiality in teleconsultations. Not all procedures in urology can be effectively managed remotely and further research, including the optimal scope of telemedicine, is necessary. Telemedicine is an effective tool in geriatric urological care, improving access to specialists, reducing costs, and enhancing patients' quality of life. However, its successful integration into modern urology requires addressing technological, organizational, legal and ethical challenges. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(3):223-231.</p>","PeriodicalId":101460,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":"223-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Operative treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia for the elderly].","authors":"Wojciech Tomkalski, Adrian Suława, Sebastian Adrian Fedorowicz","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01635","DOIUrl":"10.13075/mp.5893.01635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scientific paper analyzes surgical treatment methods for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It discusses traditional procedures such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and modern, minimally invasive techniques, including holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP), prostatic urethral lift (PUL), and prostatic artery embolization (PAE). The authors emphasize that technological advancements and individualized patient approaches increase therapy's safety and effectiveness. A literature review was conducted in both Polish and English, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with keywords including: \"prostatic hyperplasia,\" \"TURP,\" \"HoLEP,\" \"BPH\" and \"BPO\" (benign prostatic obstruction). Articles meeting the established criteria, per current treatment guidelines from urological societies, were analyzed. Additionally, relevant content concerning the effectiveness, applications, limitations, and challenges of using telemedicine in the geriatric population was included. The publications were evaluated by the authors, and sources containing potentially outdated information were excluded. Currently, the choice of surgical method for treating BPH is vast, and none of the available options can be considered absolutely the best. Key to treatment is an individualized approach to the patient, taking various factors into account when selecting the optimal therapy. Different treatment methods may have similar effectiveness but differ in cost, duration of action, and potential side effects. Some offer quick results, but their durability is limited, while others require greater financial investment and time but provide long-term benefits. The final choice depends on the patient's individual needs and available resources. The development of minimally invasive procedures has expanded treatment options, reducing the risk of complications and shortening hospitalization and recovery times. Ongoing research and technological innovations continue to improve surgical methods, leading to better urodynamic outcomes and more effective therapy. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(3):217-222.</p>","PeriodicalId":101460,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":"217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Postoperative delirium in the elderly].","authors":"Michał Wróbel, Maciej Wołkowiecki, Anna Janocha, Zenona Jabłońska","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01624","DOIUrl":"10.13075/mp.5893.01624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postoperative delirium (POD) is a disorder of attention and consciousness accompanied by cognitive impairment as a direct consequence of a medical condition, the action (or discontinuation) of a drug, toxin, psychoactive substance or the simultaneous action of several factors. To describe the current state of knowledge on delirium, the Medline PubMed database was searched for full-text articles from the years 2000-2025 using the keywords: \"postoperative delirium,\" \"prediction\" and \"elderly.\" Fifty-six articles were selected for the final analysis. Risk factors for POD are: older age, sensory impairment, alcohol consumption, pre-existing disorders (cognitive, psychomotor activity, sleep-wake rhythm, emotional) and depression. The risk of developing POD can be assessed using questionnaires. Conditions associated with an elevated risk of developing POD include hypertension, history of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases, anaemia, diabetes, renal failure, urinary incontinence and other micturition disorders. The development of perioperative risk assessment questionnaires (<i>American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System</i>, <i>Charlson Comorbidity Score</i>) is based on the presence of comorbidities. In addition to conventional analysis, machine learning and artificial intelligence has emerged as a novel approach to POD risk factors analysis. Markers of delirium are: inflammatory markers (interleukin 6, neutrophil to limphocyte ratio [NLR] ≥3.5, platelet to lymphocyte ratio [PLR] >139, high CRP concentration), markers of brain tissue damage (D-ribose, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tau protein, S100A12 protein, uric acid), markers of blood-brain barrier damage (urinary albumin, fasting glucose), and many others. The risk of POD can be estimated by ultrasound or computed tomography scan (the cross-sectional diameter of the quadriceps or lumbar muscle) and by electroencephalography. Trigger factors may include major surgery, hypotonia, intraoperative blood transfusion, and the need for intra-aortic counterpulsation. There is no procedure to determine the certain development of delirium. The search for better methods should continue. Recognising the risk of delirium allows earlier preventive measures to be taken and its consequences to be reduced. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(3):209-215.</p>","PeriodicalId":101460,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":"209-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bladder cancer in geriatric patients].","authors":"Tomasz Michalik, Michał Wróbel, Sebastian Adrian Fedorowicz, Karolina Michalik","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01621","DOIUrl":"10.13075/mp.5893.01621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, especially in older people. Bladder cancer belongs to urothelial carcinomas, which can also occur in other parts of the urinary tract (also at the same time). The most common symptom of bladder cancer is hematuria. Bladder cancer treatment is largely based on surgery. Not all patients (due to comorbidities) will benefit from surgical treatment (especially in the case of radical cystectomy). Appropriate geriatric assessment of patients is crucial when qualifying for surgery. The aim of this article was to indicate the best management of a multimorbid geriatric patient with bladder cancer. The authors presented current knowledge and discussed interdisciplinary approach. The literature review included scientific articles that form the new standards and current guidelines of the European Association of Urology. Geriatric patients with bladder cancer require greater specialist involvement and multidisciplinary care. During qualification for treatment, close cooperation between urologist, oncologist, geriatrician, and other specialists is necessary. Due to the complex therapeutic process, not all patients will be able to follow all recommendations. Personalized medicine allows for the selection of the most appropriate therapeutic option. Further research is also needed on less invasive treatments, such as trimodal therapy, which includes transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, systemic chemotherapy, and external beam radiation therapy - especially for patients who are not eligible for radical treatment. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(3):233-239.</p>","PeriodicalId":101460,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessment of respiratory parameters in older adults with generalized anxiety disorders].","authors":"Anna Janocha, Robert Skalik, Dariusz Kałka","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01631","DOIUrl":"10.13075/mp.5893.01631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety disorders can be an independent risk factor of many somatic conditions and complication of various organic states leading to the unfavourable course of the primary disease and poor prognosis. The main goal of the study was to evaluate anxiety reactions with regard to the disturbances of homeostatic processes within respiratory system, from which various somatic symptoms were reported.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study group I comprised 50 subjects (aged M±SD 62.5±2.29 years) presenting with generalized anxiety disorders, and 60 normal subjects (aged M±SD 61.94±2.32 years), volunteers as a reference group II. In all the study subjects spirometry and pulse oxymetry were performed. A level of declared dyspnoea was assessed using the 0-10 Borg scale. Moreover, all persons were subjected to physical examination after taking medical history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the group I, hyperventilation was reported in the chronic form, and a declared dyspnoea level was relatively low, despite the proper oxygen saturation (SaO₂) of arterial blood. The objective analysis of the Tiffeneau index showed obturative ventilation disturbances, and evaluation of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV₁) correspondet to obturation of a mild type (FEV₁ = 80.88% of normal value) and a significant decrease in inspiration vs. expiration parameters (e.g., forced inspiratory vital capacity to forced expiratory vital capacity) that indicated the inspiration type of ventilation impairment. In turn, the analysis of the maximal expiratory flow values showed that obturation in all persons from the group I was located mainly in the upper respiratory tract. The statistically significant correlations between the declared dyspnoea level and spirometry parameters in the group I were also noted. In contrast, subjects from group II did not declare dyspnea.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was shown that anxiety disorders affect not only a breathing pattern but also can induce the objective changes of spirometric parameters like in the organic diseases. As the result of erroneous interpretation of afferent stimuli in the respiratory centre, the normal SaO₂ can be a stimulus triggering dyspnoea. The characteristics accompanying a feeling of dyspnoea suggested the psychogenic background of the symptoms. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(3):167-177.</p>","PeriodicalId":101460,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":"167-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of psychomotor performance and core body temperature on exercise performance in athletes].","authors":"Robert Skalik, Anna Janocha, Wojciech Kustrzycki","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01630","DOIUrl":"10.13075/mp.5893.01630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of research on exercise physiology in the last several years has allowed to better understand mechanisms affecting exercise performance in athletes. Despite this, the causes of exercise intolerance in athletes are not fully elucidated. The exercise performance is a complex process and regardless of the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system may be subject to significant changes under the influence of nervous system and thermoregulatory mechanisms. The purpose of this work is to assess the relationship between psychomotor performance (<i>sprawność psychomotoryczna</i> - SP), core body temperature (Tc) and exercise performance parameters as measured by spiroergometry (cardiopulmonary exercise testing - CPX) and the diagnostic accuracy of neurothermometabolic index (NTMI) as a new marker of exercise performance in athletes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Forty-four healthy athletes participated in the study. Each of the examined athletes underwent CPX for the assessment of ventilatory parameters (maximal oxygen consumption - VO₂max, minute ventilation - VE, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide at anaerobic threshold - VECO2AT, maximal carbon dioxide output - VCO₂ and anaerobic threshold), SP tests (average reaction time to light stimulus, the number of correctly received light stimuli, number of missed light stimuli) before and immediately after CPX. In addition, Tc was continually measured during CPX. Followingly, NTMI was calculated using Tc during the maximum exercise, oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold and average reaction time to light stimulus as measured after CPX.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant relationship was found between Tc during the maximum effort in CPX and SP after CPX. A significant relationship between SP before CPX and VECO₂AT during CPX was also confirmed. Psychomotor performance shortly after CPX was also significantly related to VCO₂. In addition, NTMI was significantly associated with CPX parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study results confirmed the relevant relationship between SP, Tc during the maximum exercise and ventilatory parameters as measured by CPX in athletes. Neurothermometabolic index is a reliable marker of exercise performance in athletes. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(3):179-192.</p>","PeriodicalId":101460,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":"179-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle habits and body weight of military flying personnel of the Polish Armed Forces.","authors":"Agata Patrycja Gaździńska, Paulina Baran, Paweł Jan Jagielski","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01543","DOIUrl":"10.13075/mp.5893.01543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess whether and to what extent the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affected the lifestyle and body weight of military flying personnel.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study involved 930 Polish soldiers - members of aircrew. The study was conducted by using a survey designed by the author, as part of the implementation of the National Health Programme 2021-2025. The survey used the research technique computer assisted web interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately half of the soldiers surveyed (49%) declared that they did not contract COVID-19. Analysis of the results on the frequency of consumption of selected food items showed that most food items respondents consumed at similar levels during the pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic period. There was a positive increase in the frequency of consumption of nuts, fresh fruit and vegetables in 14.8%, 15.9% and 19% of respondents, respectively. More than 20% of those surveyed declared that they consumed less restaurant meals, fast food, sweets and sugary drinks. The vast majority of the respondents (77.6%) answered that they did not feel more negative emotions compared to the pre-pandemic period COVID-19 and emotions did not affect their diet. The frequency of physical activity remained the same for 71.9% of soldiers, while 14.9% respondents said they played sport less often than before the pandemic. Overweight was diagnosed in 50.2% of respondents, while 12.8% were obese. More than half of the respondents (56%) declared that their weight had not changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, 25.1% declared that their weight had increased and 8.9% that it had decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic condition did not disrupt the existing lifestyles of most military flying personnel. More than half of the military flying personnel surveyed reported no effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight change. A quarter of soldiers reported weight gain, which was associated with negative changes in diet and physical activity. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(2):101-121.</p>","PeriodicalId":101460,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":"101-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Medical transition in the assessment of work ability].","authors":"Marta Wiszniewska, Magdalena Janc, Kaja Staszewska, Rafał Kubiak","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01611","DOIUrl":"10.13075/mp.5893.01611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender equality in the workplace and the good health of both women and men are key goals outlined in agendas promoting social justice and sustainable development. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland guarantees equal employment rights for women and men, and the Labor Code prohibits discrimination in establishing and terminating employment relationships, including on the basis of gender. On the one hand, an employer cannot allow an employee to work without a current medical certificate confirming the absence of contraindications for the specific job position, and is obliged to assess occupational risk related to manual handling tasks, taking into account, among other factors, the individual capabilities of the employee. On the other hand, the legislator sets different standards for women and men in terms of manual handling of objects by a single employee or during team-based work. Therefore, when a job candidate or employee is a transgender person - especially one undergoing medical procedures aimed at aligning their physical characteristics with their gender identity - difficulties arise in interpreting existing legal regulations. This article discusses the legal uncertainties in Poland related to weight-lifting criteria, the issue of disclosing an employee's gender in order to tailor working conditions to their needs, and the principles that should guide the physician responsible for occupational health care during and after gender transition. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(2):149-157.</p>","PeriodicalId":101460,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":"149-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Health behaviors and their determinants in a group of professionally active women].","authors":"Katarzyna Hildt-Ciupińska, Karolina Pawłowska-Cyprysiak","doi":"10.13075/mp.5893.01603","DOIUrl":"10.13075/mp.5893.01603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lifestyle is considered one of the most important determinants of health, which most of us have an influence on and can modify. However, it is necessary to raise health awareness among people so that they know how to do it effectively. The purpose of the study was to assess women's health behaviors and determine the factors that determine them in a group of professionally active women.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Anonymous questionnaire surveys were conducted among 927 women aged 18-65 using the computer-assisted web interview method, using a survey developed for the project, containing selected standard tools and a personal questionnaire covering personal data and questions regarding, among others, self-assessment of health status and care for it, understanding the concepts of \"health\" and \"care for health,\" sources of information about health.<i> The Positive Health Behaviors Scale</i> for women was used to assess health behaviors, with a set of questions regarding anti-health behaviors (including smoking, alcohol use), including a set of 34 statements grouped into 5 subscales:<i> Nutrition</i>, <i>Body Care</i>,<i> Safety</i>, <i>Sleep, Rest and Mental health,</i> and <i>Physical Activity</i>. The scale is used to assess individual health care, and its results are given in the form of points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies conducted among 927 women showed that they assess their health well and declare that they take care of it. The results regarding the undertaken pro-health behaviors do not confirm this, as evidenced by the relatively low average score obtained in the <i>Positive Health Behaviors Scale</i> (60.3 pts out of 102 possible to obtain). Self-efficacy turned out to be the strongest predictor of positive health behaviors among women, women's care for their health increased with age, and was also higher among those women performing mental work compared to those performing physical work.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the discrepancies between women's self-assessment of health care and their actual health-related behaviours, there is a need to continuously increase the awareness of women of all ages about the need for individual care for their health, taking into account both professional and non-professional factors. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(2):123-135.</p>","PeriodicalId":101460,"journal":{"name":"Medycyna pracy","volume":" ","pages":"123-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}