Journal of family & community medicine最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hypertensive patients attending urgent care clinics at a primary healthcare center: A retrospective study.","authors":"Abdulelah H Almansour, Adam F Aldhawyan","doi":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_345_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_345_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a major public health challenge, particularly in Saudi Arabia, where control rates remain suboptimal. Aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics and clinical presentation of hypertensive patients visiting the urgent care clinic at a primary healthcare center in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included all patients with documented diagnoses of hypertension who attended the urgent care clinic of a single primary healthcare center in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between July 1, 2023, and April 30, 2025. Data were obtained from the TrakCare® electronic health record system and included demographics, clinical characteristics, and visit details. Data analyzed using Stata version 15; initial analysis included descriptive statistics. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate, assessed the association between hypertension type and other categorical variables. To compare qualitative data between groups, independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 542 visits, 95.9% were on account of primary hypertension. Patients with secondary hypertension were younger (46.5 ± 14.6 years vs. 52.9 ± 13.4 years; <i>P</i> = 0.03) and were more likely to be male (<i>P</i> = 0.04). Hypertensive crises accounted for 19.7% of all visits, with most cases being due to primary hypertension (82.2%); however, the proportion of crises was substantially higher in patients with secondary hypertension (86.4% vs. 16.9%). Medication refills were the most common reason for visit (69.7%). Captopril 25 mg was most frequently administered (19.2%) medication. Secondary hypertension was associated with higher triage acuity (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primary hypertension predominates in urgent care, but secondary hypertension presents with higher acuity. High medication refill visits highlight gaps in the continuity of chronic care. Enhanced patient education and care coordination are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":101441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family & community medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12900406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary incontinence and its impact on the quality of life of adults 50 years or older: A study from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Al-Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Khalid S Alharkan, Maiyada A Aldossary, Reham A Alshablan, Elaf K Bajameel, Sarah M Alosaimi, Byader W Alabdullah, Sarah F Alsubaie, Afaf A Albalawi, Tajammal Mustafa","doi":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_304_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_304_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent yet underreported condition that adversely affects the quality of life of older adults. This study aimed to assess the frequency and risk factors of UI and its impact on the quality of life of adults aged 50 years and older attending outpatient clinics of a tertiary care teaching hospital in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 15, 2024, to March 10, 2025. Four hundred persons aged 50 years or older attending outpatient clinics, selected by convenient sampling, filled a structured validated questionnaire in Arabic. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form assessed UI, and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form (IIQ-7 SF) determined the impact of UI on the quality of life. Data were analyzed using SPSS and included descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of participants were Saudis (86.3%), aged 50-64 (75.6%), and females (59.3%); 32.5% participants reported UI. Of the females, a family history of UI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.48 [1.27-4.85], <i>P</i> = 0.008) and uterine prolapse (OR = 6.80 [2.57-18.18), <i>P</i> < 0.001) were the most significant risk factors for UI. Benign prostatic hyperplasia was a significant risk factor for UI (OR = 4.50 [1.88-10.82], <i>P</i> = 0.001) in males. Mean score for interference of urinary leakage with daily life, on a scale of 0-10, was 5.03 ± 3.69. UI showed a mild to moderate impact on participants' quality of life. However, 20.8% reported a \"great\" impact on traveling by car or bus for more than 30 minutes from home.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UI is common in adults 50 years or older (32.5%) and has a substantial impact on their quality of life, affecting physical, emotional, and social well-being. Despite its effects, underreporting remains common because of the stigma and the lack of awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":101441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family & community medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12900409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does social media addiction disrupt mindful attention of students in health colleges at a university in Saudi Arabia?","authors":"Noor H AlYousef, Fatimah M Alhakeem, Kawthar A AlNasser, Zainab H AlSinan, Zainab K Alessa, Fatemah M AlDawood, Marwa M Shafey, Wejdan M Aljohni","doi":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_223_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_223_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention, a fundamental cognitive process that is crucial for achieving personal and academic goals, can be significantly impacted by the use of social media. With the rise of platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, and WhatsApp, social media addiction (SMA) has become a growing concern, especially among students. Studies show that excessive engagement with social media can impair attention. This study's aim was to explore the impact of SMA on the mindful attention (MA) of undergraduate students in health colleges.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in health colleges at a University in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was distributed to 380 undergraduate students at health colleges. MA was assessed by the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) assessed SMA. Data were analysed using SPSS; categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages, while mean, standard deviation, and median were used to summarize continuous variables. Pearson correlation was employed to assess the relationship between SMA and MA. Multiple linear regression model employed to identify independent predictors of MAAS scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 335 students participated in the study; the mean MAAS score was 57.99 (SD= 14.17) and a mean SMA score of 16.07 (SD=4.78). A significant negative correlation was found between SMA and mindfulness (R = -0.519, <i>P</i> < 0.001); the higher SMA was associated with lower MAAS scores. In multiple regression model, higher SMA remained an independent significant predictor of lower MAAS (B = -1.14, <i>P</i> < 0.001, 95% CI: -1.43 to -0.85).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights that higher social media use is linked to lower attention. Positive lifestyle factors such as academic satisfaction, social support, good sleep, and diet were associated with better attention. Self-perceived stress, consumption of caffeine, and watching short videos were negatively associated with MA. These findings highlight the need to promote healthy lifestyle habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":101441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family & community medicine","volume":"32 4","pages":"339-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12611061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of information technology-based interventions for diabetes mellitus in glycemic control in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review.","authors":"Najwa A Zabeeri","doi":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_259_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_259_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes technology, comprising medical devices and digital health technologies, offers the ability to enhance glycemic control and quality of life. Knowledge of the effects of these interventions could improve the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of Information Technology (IT)-based interventions for glycemic control in Saudi Arabia. A total of 126 studies were found (49 publications found in PubMed, 46 in Web of Science, and 32 in ScienceDirect) using database searches. After 117 exclusions, nine studies comprising 5626 patients published between January 1, 2015, and March 24, 2025, were included. The following outcomes were assessed: hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and such secondary measures as diabetic knowledge, patient satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, diabetes distress, and behavioral self-efficacy. IT-based interventions, including self-management systems, electronic medical records, and telemedicine, significantly reduced HbA1c and FBS levels. Improvements were also noted in diabetes knowledge, patient satisfaction, and self-efficacy of individuals with diabetes. These interventions also showed benefits in cost-effectiveness and reduced diabetes-related distress, supporting their value in diabetes care. IT-based interventions are effective in improving glycemic control and self-management of patients with T2DM in Saudi Arabia. Their integration into standard diabetes care aligns with national healthcare modernization under Vision 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":101441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family & community medicine","volume":"32 4","pages":"284-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12611086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reframing feedback practices in medical education: A commentary on student perceptions.","authors":"Schawanya K Rattanapitoon, Nathkapach K Rattanapitoon, Patpicha Arunsan, Nav La","doi":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_227_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_227_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family & community medicine","volume":"32 4","pages":"364-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12611068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive frailty in urban community-dwelling older adults: Associated physical and psychological risk factors.","authors":"Nicholas Hardi, Kevin Kristian, Fernandus William, Fransisca Theresia, Patricia Angelica, Juan A Kuistono, Michelle A Irawan, Yvonne S Handayani","doi":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_52_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_52_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty and cognitive impairment is an integral part of morbidity in older adults. Their co-occurrence raises concerns and is further conceptualized as cognitive frailty (CF). CF increases the risk of disability, hospitalization, and death. Identification and modification of CF risk factors should reduce the burden. Data on older adults in Indonesia should be explored for better prevention or management measures. The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of CF and the risk factors in urban older adults in the community.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 128 older adults in the community in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data was collected through interviewing the participants using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of section on demographics, and various validated scales to assess cognitive frailty, activities of daily living, presence of comorbidities, nutritional status, physical activity, depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to predict the associated risk factors of CF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence estimate of CF was 5.5%. The results revealed that age (odds ratio [OR] 42.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.38-768.224, P=0.011), sex (OR 31.72; 95% CI 1.277-788.046, P=0.035), the activity of daily living (ADL) (OR 30.01; 95% CI 2.09-430.694, P=0.012), and depressive symptoms (OR 23.02; 95% CI 1.813-292.255, P=0.016) were significant correlates of CF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age, sex, ADL, and depressive symptoms were associated with CF among older adults. There should be effective surveillance of CF in the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":101441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family & community medicine","volume":"32 4","pages":"316-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12611074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a nurse-led educational intervention on caregiver's burden and quality of life in pediatric asthma at a tertiary care center in Tamil Nadu, India.","authors":"Ushapriya Mathiazhakan, Rajeswari Devaraj, Helen S J Cecily, Subash Sundar","doi":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_132_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_132_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood asthma significantly strains caregivers emotionally, physically, and financially, affecting their quality of life and child health outcomes. Nurse-led education can improve caregiver knowledge, confidence, and coping abilities. A study to assess the effectiveness of nurse-led education in reducing the burden and improving quality of life of pediatric asthma caregivers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental pre- and posttest control group design was conducted in selected tertiary care hospitals in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu. Forty primary caregivers were randomly allocated to a study group or a control group (<i>n</i> = 40 each). Caregiver's burden and quality of life were assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview and Pediatric Asthma Caregivers' Quality of Life Questionnaire, respectively. The study group received a structured nurse-led educational session on asthma care; the control group received routine care. Outcomes were reassessed after one week. Paired and independent <i>t</i>-tests compared pre- and post-intervention scores. Pearson correlation assessed the relationship between caregiver's burden and the quality of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study group showed a significant reduction in the burden (25.50-19.15; <i>P</i> = 0.001) and an improvement in the Quality of life (44.10-53.00; <i>P</i> < 0.001). The control group showed no significant changes. A negative correlation was observed (<i>r</i> = -0.617; <i>P</i> = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nurse-led education significantly reduces caregiver's burden and enhances the quality of life, especially in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":101441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family & community medicine","volume":"32 4","pages":"310-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12611090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' reply.","authors":"Sadia A Khan, Javeria Z Khan, Tayyab S Akhter, Hamama-Tul-Bushra Khaar, Talay Yar, Mohammad A Randhawa","doi":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_166_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_166_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family & community medicine","volume":"32 4","pages":"363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12611066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of <i>Echinacea</i> in the management and prevention of acute respiratory tract infections in children: A systematic review of the evidence.","authors":"Ahlam Mazi, Reem M Alqahtani","doi":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_144_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_144_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute cough and respiratory tract infections (RTIs), common in children, often lead to high antibiotic use. Echinacea, an herbal alternative, has been studied for its immune-modulating and antiviral effects to reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics. This systematic review analyzed randomized controlled trials on Echinacea for pediatric acute cough and RTIs. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar were searched on October 15, 2024. Five studies met all inclusion criteria and were retained for qualitative synthesis. The studies generally showed some concerns of bias in randomization and allocation concealment, as well as some issues about blinding and selective reporting. Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation assessment indicated high certainty of the reduction of symptom duration and antibiotic use, and moderate certainty for the prevention of infection. Evidence suggests that Echinacea purpurea, especially at higher doses (e.g., 2000 mg/day), may reduce RTI incidence, viral load, and symptom severity. Several trials have reported fewer antibiotic prescriptions and shorter fever duration, indicating public health benefits. Efficacy varied by formulation, extraction, and dosing, with tablet-based and hydroethanolic extracts showing more consistent results. Echinacea was well tolerated, only producing mild adverse effects of gastrointestinal discomfort and skin rashes. Some studies showed no significant difference from placebo, which underlines the need for standardized dosing and formulation. Overall, Echinacea may be a useful adjunct for pediatric RTI prevention and management, but further large, high-quality trials are needed to confirm optimal use, efficacy, and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":101441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family & community medicine","volume":"32 4","pages":"273-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12611053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical students' beliefs, behaviors, and ease with artificial intelligence in education: A study in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Khalid S Alharkan, Ahmed M Almukahhil, Hassan R Alfardan, Mohamed A Albaqshi, Maytham A Aldajani, Yousef D Alqurashi, Tajammal Mustafa, Saleh A Alqahtani, Kholoud S Al Ghamdi","doi":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_187_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_187_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being utilized in education to enhance learning experiences through proactive and reactive engagements. This study's aim was to measure medical students' perceptions and self-efficacy regarding the use of AI in their educational journeys.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate students in a College of Medicine in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data was collected by sharing an online survey link on QuestionPro through an instant messaging app. The survey consisted of general questions (such as age and gender), and the AI Self-Efficacy Scale (AISE) that assesses four distinct domains. Data were categorized and analyzed using SPSS version 29. An independent sample <i>t</i>-test was used to compare the means of the domains of each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 525 out of 1198 undergraduate medical students participated in this study. More than half of the participants (61%) reported familiarity with AI, and 66% of them had used ChatGPT. About 45-60% participants responded \"Agree\" or \"Strongly agree\" that they can happily, smoothly, and easily interact with AI. Pre-clinical students had significantly higher mean score for anthropomorphic domain than clinical medical students (<i>P</i> = 0.006). Males had significantly higher mean scores for comfort with AI and higher technological skills domains compared to females (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Students who had previous experience using AI scored significantly higher in perceived assistance, comfort with AI, and technological skills domains (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Students rating having themselves high general knowledge in computer science had significantly higher mean scores in assistance, comfort with AI, and technological skills domains (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI tools could significantly enhance efficiency and serve as effective learning aids. Medical students found easy to interact with AI. If utilized properly, AI may improve education and make learning more engaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":101441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of family & community medicine","volume":"32 4","pages":"324-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12611057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}