{"title":"Sub-optimality in freight distribution","authors":"D.E. Pitfield","doi":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90028-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90028-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A modification to the transportation problem that takes account of sub-optimality has previously been rarely and incautiously applied. A method of implementing the modification by iteration is outlined that minimizes an appropriate goodness-of-fit statistic. The model is then applied, using this method, to freight flow data in Britain. A freight flow matrix is predicted that is superior to a transportation problem prediction and behavioural and economic implications are derived to demonstrate the insights that the technique can yield.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101259,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research","volume":"12 6","pages":"Pages 403-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-1647(78)90028-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83550308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approaches to controlling air pollution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90042-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-1647(78)90042-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101259,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research","volume":"12 6","pages":"Page 436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-1647(78)90042-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137350707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investment planning of a road link","authors":"Hans-Jürgen Büttler, John H. Shortreed","doi":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90013-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90013-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal investments of an existing road link over time. The problem is formulated in terms of optimal control and solved by Pontryagin's maximum principle. Three state variables of the road are considered: the smoothness of the road pavement surface, the volume of traffic, and the capacity. The control variables are: investment in smoothness and in capacity. Optimality is considered to be that investment programme for smoothness and capacity which maximizes the integral of net benefits over a finite or infinite time horizon.</p><p>The time path of the investment in smoothness is uniquely determined by a saddle point solution. There are three possible solutions for the investment in capacity. Either the road will be widened at the initial time of the system, or at a later point in time, or never. This depends on the time path of the shadow price of capacity relative to the constant marginal cost to invest in capacity. Finally, a budget constraint to the Ministry of Transport is imposed. As a result, the pattern of the time paths does not change in general.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101259,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research","volume":"12 5","pages":"Pages 357-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-1647(78)90013-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73994759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Planning the fourth migration: The neglected vision of the Regional Association of America","authors":"Judith Innes de Neufville","doi":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90015-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90015-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101259,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research","volume":"12 5","pages":"Pages 369-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-1647(78)90015-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76144208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An approximate analytic model of many-to-many demand responsive transportation systems","authors":"Carlos F. Daganzo","doi":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90007-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90007-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents an analytic model to predict average waiting and ridingtimes in urban transportation systems (such as dial-a-bus and taxicabs), which provide non-transfer door-to-door transportation with a dynamically dispatched fleet of vehicles. Three different dispatching algorithms are analyzed with a simple deterministic model, which is then generalized to capture the most relevant stochastic phenomena. The formulae obtained have been successfully compared with simulated data and are simple enough for hand calculation. They are, thus, tools which enable analysts to avoid cumbersome simulation models when contemplating implementing or modifying many-to-many demand responsive transportation systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101259,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research","volume":"12 5","pages":"Pages 325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-1647(78)90007-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76165170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Travel demand elasticity with respect to socio-economic variables: The multinomial logit case","authors":"Heinz Hautzinger","doi":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90012-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90012-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is shown how travel demand elasticities can be obtained for socio-economic explanatory variables in the case of the multinomial logit model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101259,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research","volume":"12 5","pages":"Pages 355-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-1647(78)90012-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75126683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combinatorial problems in an adaptive public transportation network","authors":"Moshe Friedman","doi":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90003-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90003-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper addresses the following combinatorial problems: What are the minimal number of buses and drivers needed to keep up an adaptive public transportation network with prescribed departure and travel times. The system is adaptive in the sense that buses as well as drivers are not restricted to travel only one given two way line, but may also traverse among lines. However, adaptation to passenger loading is not yet directly considered. The relaxation of the “two way lines” constraint should provide more flexibility in employing the resources required to maintain and operate the network. No assumptions are imposed upon either the departure or travel times.</p><p>The solution process is simple and intuitive and it seems that it can serve as a basic framework for accommodating some changes in the underlying structure of the system. The algorithm is an interim step in a mathematical program where the departure times are taken as control variables and are selected to minimize the average waiting time of passengers, or alternatively other performance indices of the network. The final buses' trips are not unique and their choice is subject to managerial considerations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101259,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research","volume":"12 5","pages":"Pages 305-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-1647(78)90003-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74271190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of traffic delays from shock-wave analysis","authors":"S. Chandana Wirasinghe","doi":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90010-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90010-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The traffic shock-wave theory of Lighthill and Whitham is applied to a general incident, i.e. a moving incident with filtering (overtakings). It is shown that individual and total delays and the related costs can be determined simply by graphical means. A formulation, which is independent of any particular macroscopic theory of traffic flow, is obtained for the total delay upstream of the incident. It is shown to be identical to that obtained by using deterministic queuing theory. Simple incidents such as a red traffic signal light and a slow truck in a no passing zone are shown to be special cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101259,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research","volume":"12 5","pages":"Pages 343-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-1647(78)90010-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81800431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Income and cost impact on general aviation hours flown by individual owners","authors":"Stephen G. Vahovich","doi":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90005-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0041-1647(78)90005-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using data from the Federal Aviation Administration's national sample of general aviation (GA) aircraft owners (1975), this study explores the impact of changes in family income, hourly operating cost, and other variables on five different measures of hours flown for aircraft owned by individuals (versus companies). Results for total, itinerant, instrument, and visual hours flown support the theoretical notion that hours flown rise until unit costs reach some critically high level, beyond which hours flown begin to decrease. For itinerant, visual, and total hours, the critical costs very closely approximate the mean total hourly cost (operating plus annualized fixed) of flying. Local hours respond negatively to operating costs increase over all positive unit cost levels. In all cases, the income elasticities of demand suggest that hours flown are a necessity. The low income and price elasticities of demand coupled with the insensitivity of owners to the availability of a substitute mode of transportation suggest that GA aircraft owners are strongly committed to their flying activities, exhibiting conventional, but weak, demand responses to economic stimulus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101259,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research","volume":"12 5","pages":"Pages 315-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0041-1647(78)90005-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75856267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}