C.Thomas Lin, Patricia A. Pavlik, Yvonne C. Martin
{"title":"Use of molecular fields to compare series of potentially bioactive molecules designed by scientists or by computer","authors":"C.Thomas Lin, Patricia A. Pavlik, Yvonne C. Martin","doi":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90170-D","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90170-D","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Without 3D information on the structure of the target biomolecule, the rational design of bioactive compounds from 3D properties is based on structure-activity relationships. The design of the series of compounds tested will determine the amount of information gained. We compared a series of chemist-designed D2 agonists with a series designed by the computer by 3D searching and automated structure transformation. We described shape by the steric energies calculated on a 2Å lattice surrounding the molecules as is done in the Comparative Molecular Field Analysis Method. To select the series of computer-designed compounds from the total of 554, we used a cluster analysis based on the 25 highest principal components of the steric fields. Compared to the chemist-designed series, this series shows a larger variation in steric properties and has less correlation between steric properties. It explores all space explored by the former series. The mean and range of the forecast D1 and D2 dopaminergic receptor-binding affinities for the two series are not different. We conclude that multivariate statistical methods based on steric potential energy fields can be used to select the best possible series of molecules for a CoMFA analysis of shape properties. These methods also reduce a large set of suggested molecules to one that is reasonable to synthesize.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101214,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Computer Methodology","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 723-738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0898-5529(90)90170-D","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75935604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An alternative method for the alignment of molecular structures: Maximizing electrostatic and steric overlap","authors":"Simon K. Kearsley , Graham M. Smith","doi":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90162-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90162-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The SEAL method has been developed which will optimize the alignment of two three-dimensional structures using their atomic partial charges and steric volumes as factors. In addition, this method will perform the superimposition many times using randomly generated starting configurations and keep only the best unique results based on the value of the alignment function. The computer generated alignments of methotrexate and dihydrofolic acid are compared with the alignments found in the active site of Dihydrofolate Reductase. The marine neurotoxins, saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin, are aligned and the results compared to other alignment techniques. The relationship of the SEAL alignments to the potential field error is explored. Program on disk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101214,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Computer Methodology","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 615-633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0898-5529(90)90162-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83833343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-dimensional pharmacophoric pattern search using COMPASS: Nootropic agents","authors":"Yoshima Takahasi ∗, Toshio Akagi, Shin-ichi Sasaki","doi":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90118-R","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90118-R","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper illustrates applicability of the COMPASS (Common Geometrical Pattern Search System) developed in our previous work for the analysis of the three-dimensional common structural features of drug molecules referred to as a pharmacophoric pattern. The three-dimensional common structural features of nootropics agents (rolziracetam, aniracetam and a tripeptide of Pro-Ala-Gly which is a vasopressin C-terminal analogue) have been examined using the system. Conformational analysis of the peptide was carried out in an exhaustive manner using the ECEPP/2 program, resulting in 232 stable conformations within 5 kcal/mol above the global energy minimum. Common geometrical pattern search between each of the conformers and rolziracetam, a rigid molecule, was performed with COMPASS. Seven different types of common geometrical patterns involving five constituent atoms were obtained with the consideration of their electronic environments. The resulting geometrical features were compared with those of an alternative COMPASS analysis between rolziracetam and aniracetam. The active conformation of the peptide and the pharmacophoric patterns of the present molecules are discussed, and the usefulness of our system for such work is also described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101214,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Computer Methodology","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0898-5529(90)90118-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77072973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A language for acyclic groups","authors":"Berthold J. Maier","doi":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90105-H","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90105-H","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a language for acyclic chemical groups, which has a context-free grammar, and which is close to current chemical denotations. An interpreter which accepts the language, produces a connection table, and performs valency checks has been written in PASCAL. The source code and executable program are included on disk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101214,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Computer Methodology","volume":"3 5","pages":"Pages 287-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0898-5529(90)90105-H","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80339656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philippe Jauffret ∗, Christian Tonnelier, Thierry Hanser, Gérard Kaufmann, Robert Wolff
{"title":"Machine learning of generic reactions: 2. toward an advanced computer representation of chemical reactions","authors":"Philippe Jauffret ∗, Christian Tonnelier, Thierry Hanser, Gérard Kaufmann, Robert Wolff","doi":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90060-L","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90060-L","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper discusses the requirements a computer representation of organic reactions should satisfy in order to be adapted to the machine learning of generic reactions. Existing formalisms are classified and analyzed in relation with their characteristics and their use. A new representation is introduced and described: RECOUR (REpresentation COmpacte et Unifiée des Réactions = Compact and Unified Representation of Reactions).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101214,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Computer Methodology","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 335-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0898-5529(90)90060-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75989756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DOCKing ligands into receptors: The test case of α-chymotrypsin","authors":"Kent D. Stewart, James A. Bentley, Michael Cory","doi":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90169-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90169-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Structures of 103 ligands previously tested as inhibitors of chymotrypsin catalysis were docked into the active site of the enzyme by use of the <span>dock</span> computer program. The goodness of fit was evaluated according to an approximate Lennard-Jones potential scoring routine. A statistical analysis indicated that <span>dock</span> correctly ranked the database when viewed in terms of a contingency table of four categories: true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives. Eight of the top ten scoring molecules in the computerized docking procedure had been previously reported to be effective competitive inhibitors of chymotrypsin. This agreement between the computer predictions and experimental observations was encouraging and suggests that the <span>dock</span> computer program may be useful in evaluating other receptors for potential binding ligands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101214,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Computer Methodology","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 713-722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0898-5529(90)90169-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73800343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MSnet: A Neural Network which Classifies Mass Spectra","authors":"Bo Curry , David E. Rumelhart","doi":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90053-B","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90053-B","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have designed a feed-forward neural network to classify low-resolution mass spectra of unknown compounds according to the presence or absence of 100 organic substructures. The neural network, MSnet, was trained to compute a maximum-likelihood estimate of the probability that each substructure is present. We discuss some design considerations and statistical properties of neural network classifiers, and the effect of various training regimes on generalization behavior. The MSnet classifies mass spectra more reliably than other methods reported in the literature, and has other desirable properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101214,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Computer Methodology","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 213-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0898-5529(90)90053-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91480067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Branched trees and coherence transfer pathways in multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy: Use of the HBA algorithm to predict spectra","authors":"Xu Jun, B.N. Gray, L.R. Brown ∗","doi":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90072-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90072-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structural matching algorithm HBA (Heuristic-Backtracking Algorithm) has been applied to prediction of multi-dimensional NMR spectra. It is first shown that coherence transfer pathways in NMR spectroscopy can be represented by combinations of n-branched trees. With this representation, efficient algorithms that use HBA to predict spectra are developed. NMR data and assignments for melittin bound to fully deuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles are used to test the efficiency of the spectral prediction programs. At the present level of development, the prediction programs can be used to aid manual interpretation of complex NMR spectra. The program is implemented in the C++ language on a SUN <span><math><mtext>4</mtext><mtext>280</mtext></math></span> computer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101214,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Computer Methodology","volume":"3 6","pages":"Pages 479-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0898-5529(90)90072-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78609166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Clark, Richard D. Cramer III ∗, Dumont M. Jones, David E. Patterson, Perry E. Simeroth
{"title":"Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). 2. Toward its use with 3D-structural databases","authors":"Matthew Clark, Richard D. Cramer III ∗, Dumont M. Jones, David E. Patterson, Perry E. Simeroth","doi":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90120-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90120-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary importance of molecular fields in biological recognition, attested by the number of reported successful CoMFA applications, suggests possible applications in 3D databases. In further support of this possibility, the probability of chance correlation using PLS in typical CoMFA applications is found to be about 5% or less for a cross-validated r<sup>2</sup> of 0.3 or greater, a “field fit” strategy for automating the alignment of molecules by seeking minimal differences in their fields is outlined, and a non-biological application of CoMFA, carbonyl hydration, is presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101214,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Computer Methodology","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 47-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0898-5529(90)90120-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88645532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A very fast program for ESR spectrum simulation","authors":"Bruno Bienfait","doi":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90112-L","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0898-5529(90)90112-L","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A fast ESR spectrum simulation program suitable for radicals in solution is described. The speed of the convolution algorithm is achieved by the use of integer arithmetic and precalculated lineshapes. FDC-ESR is written in C and runs on an IBM PC and ATARI ST (obtain program via TCM-Online) computers. A math coprocessor is not necessary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101214,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Computer Methodology","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0898-5529(90)90112-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73983231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}