Solar & Wind TechnologyPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-03-06DOI: 10.1016/0741-983X(90)90021-S
Abdullah M. Al-Turki, Moustafa M. Elsayed
{"title":"Comparison of the solar-operated two-stage and single-stage LiBrH2O absorption cycles","authors":"Abdullah M. Al-Turki, Moustafa M. Elsayed","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90021-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90021-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analysis of a solar operated two-stage LiBrH<sub>2</sub>O cycle is presented. The cycle has the advantages that it can operate at a higher ambient temperature and at a lower generator temperature than those required by the single stage cycle. The performance of the cycle is predicted and compared to the performance of the single stage cycle at various design conditions. Four design parameters are identified to control the performance of the cycle. These parameters are the heat sink temperature, the evaporator temperature, the generator temperature, and the intermediate pressure. Numerical correlations are developed to specify the minimum allowable sink temperature, the minimum and maximum allowable generator temperature and the coefficient of performance of both the single-stage and the two-stage cycles. By defining a system thermal ratio for the combined absorption machine and a flat plate collector, the performances of the integrated systems are evaluated and compared when using both cycles. Conditions at which the performance of the solar operated two-stage cycle is superior to that of the solar operated single stage cycle are defined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 355-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90021-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91420199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar & Wind TechnologyPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-03-06DOI: 10.1016/0741-983X(90)90010-Y
G. Cramer
{"title":"Autonomous electrical power supply systems—wind/photovoltaic/diesel/battery","authors":"G. Cramer","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90010-Y","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90010-Y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A modular system for the supply of remote electrical consumers was developed, which makes possible a variable integration of wind energy and photovoltaic plants in connection with a diesel engine and battery storage. The wind energy converters, equipped with asynchronous generators, and a fast pitch control, work in parallel with a synchronous generator. The generator is driven by a diesel engine by means of an overrunning clutch, and is started by a small d.c. motor. If the diesel is off, or the starting process by the d.c. motor is finished, the synchronous generator works as a rotating phase-shifter and takes over voltage control and supply of reactive power. The speed versus power control of the wind energy converters makes possible an optimized parallel operation with the diesel-generator unit, and also directly takes over frequency control when operated singly without the diesel engine. The location of the wind turbine does not depend on the site of the diesel engine, because control cables are not necessary. To avoid too frequent starting of the diesel, a storage battery is installed. This paper describes the electrical and control design as well as the experience with the following, already built plant: </p><ul><li><span>&#x02022;</span><span><p>-coupling of two wind turbines for the supply of water irrigation pumps,</p></span></li><li><span>&#x02022;</span><span><p>-combination of two WECs with a battery and a diesel-set,</p></span></li><li><span>&#x02022;</span><span><p>-combination of two WECs with a photovoltaic generator and a battery.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90010-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75335776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A procedure for minimizing the photovoltaic pumping system in irrigation and leaching applications in the Baghdad area","authors":"Bassim E. Al-Sagir, A. Hasson","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90081-C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90081-C","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75594905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar & Wind TechnologyPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-03-05DOI: 10.1016/0741-983X(90)90078-G
Ali Al-Karaghouli , Abdul Wahab Al-Kayssi , Ahmed M. Hasson
{"title":"The photometric properties of different colored plastic mulches used for soil solarization","authors":"Ali Al-Karaghouli , Abdul Wahab Al-Kayssi , Ahmed M. Hasson","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90078-G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90078-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An experiment was carried out both in the field and laboratory in order to test the validity of different colors of plastic polyethylene (PE) sheets (black, blue, green, yellow and red) for soil mulching. Photometric properties measurements (absorptance, transmittance and reflectance in the ultraviolet-visible and infrared regions of the radiation spectrum) of the PE mulches were made during July 1987. The transmittance of colored PE sheets, to global solar radiation is arranged in the order of: black < blue < yellow < green < red ⩽ transparent (control). Red and transparent PE mulches have an even transmittance to global solar radiation and to IR radiation. Whereas the absorptance to global solar radiation of the red PE mulch was more than the transparent one. Thus red PE mulch could be utilized for soil mulching rather than the transparent PE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 119-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90078-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91683172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar & Wind TechnologyPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-03-06DOI: 10.1016/0741-983X(90)90011-P
T.B. Tregaskis
{"title":"The Victorian study on stand alone power supply systems (SAPS)","authors":"T.B. Tregaskis","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90011-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90011-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To gain more information on stand alone power supply (SAPS) systems in Victoria the Victorian Solar Energy Council and the State Electricity Commission of Victoria recently carried out a two-part study on these systems. In the first part of the study, 12 homes with SAPS systems, in widespread areas of the state, were fitted with monitoring equipment to gather solar, wind and system energy data. The second part of the study was an attitude survey of SAPS system homeowners, carried out under contract by AGB-Spectrum, a market research organization. The results of both study segments are being used in the production of instructional brochures for the public and to provide feedback to the homeowners and the solar industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90011-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"93152301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar & Wind TechnologyPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-03-05DOI: 10.1016/0741-983X(90)90092-G
N.M. Nahar, Jagdish P. Gupta
{"title":"Effect of dust on transmittance of glazing materials for solar collectors under arid zone conditions of India","authors":"N.M. Nahar, Jagdish P. Gupta","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90092-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90092-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Thar desert is the dirtiest desert in the world—concentration of dust is very high in the atmosphere. Therefore, a study has been carried out to quantify reduction in transmittance of different glazing materials, e.g. glass, acrylic and PVC, which are used in solar collectors. It is found that for the same tilt and cleaning cycles, the reduction in transmittance of glass, acrylic and poly vinyl chloride are in increasing order of transmittance whereas for the same material the reduction in transmittance decreases with increasing tilt from the horizontal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 237-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90092-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90928373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar & Wind TechnologyPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-03-06DOI: 10.1016/0741-983X(90)90013-R
W. Grainger
{"title":"Wind and solar data for sizing small wind turbine and photovoltaic power plants","authors":"W. Grainger","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90013-R","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90013-R","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small renewable energy power systems have to be more carefully sized and installed than fossil fuelled alternatives. Accurate assessment of the energy resource available at the site is the first step in system design. This paper describes the sort of data available and how they are processed. When small systems are involved there is little money available for detailed meteorological investigations. This has led our company to develop the techniques described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90013-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73110862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar & Wind TechnologyPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-03-05DOI: 10.1016/0741-983X(90)90089-K
A.A. Al-Baali, M.A. Al-Abbasi, A.J. Al-Douri, M.F. Alias, S.I. Salih
{"title":"Use of passive heat transfer and fluorescence to improve performance of photovoltaic solar panels","authors":"A.A. Al-Baali, M.A. Al-Abbasi, A.J. Al-Douri, M.F. Alias, S.I. Salih","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90089-K","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90089-K","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of solar radiation and temperature on the performance of solar panels was tested in order to improve the power output of the panels. A system comprising of two stages was used: a water circulation system was found to be necessary to overcome the degradation in <span><math><mtext>V</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>rmoc</mn></msub></math></span> with panel temperature and at the same time, an alcoholic solution of a number of fluorescent substances were tested to enhance the output power of a monocrystalline silicon solar panel, by modification of the solar radiation spectrum towards a region where the silicon response is more favourable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 213-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90089-K","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77259989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar & Wind TechnologyPub Date : 1990-01-01Epub Date: 2003-03-06DOI: 10.1016/0741-983X(90)90004-L
Paul J. Edwards
{"title":"Wind energy resource studies in New Zealand","authors":"Paul J. Edwards","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90004-L","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90004-L","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The New Zealand Energy Research and Development Committee was established in 1974 in response to the oil crisis. The Wind Energy Resource Survey of New Zealand started in 1974. A Wind Energy Task Force coordinated a cross-disciplinary team of engineers and physicists drawn from universities and government departments. A number of aerogenerator demonstrations were carried out during the 10 year funding of wind power research and a Small-Scale Wind Power Report was published in 1986. The survey confirmed the conventional wisdom that New Zealand, by virtue of its topography and location, is an island well endowed with wind energy resources. However, small scale homestead use of wind energy is limited by the extensive penetration of the NZ grid system. There are many potential wind energy farm sites which could be integrated into the grid. Despite this it seems anomalous that no attempts have been made to demonstrate either a pilot farm or a well-sited single medium-sized wind power generator in New Zealand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90004-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80950460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}