{"title":"Wake measurements behind a horizontal-axis 50 kW wind turbine","authors":"H.D. Kambezidis, D.N. Asimakopoulos, C.G. Helmis","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90085-G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90085-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents some results on the wake of a full-scale 50 kW wind turbine located in Näsudden peninsula. Gotland Island, Sweden. It is found that the wind velocity deficit, <span><math><mtext>Δ</mtext><mtext>u</mtext></math></span>, and turbulence intensity, <span><math><mtext>δ</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>u</mtext></mn></msub><mtext>/</mtext><mtext>u</mtext></math></span>, take greater values at the center of the wake than its boundaries. Also the temperature structure parameter, <span><math><mtext>C</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>T</mtext></mn></msub><msup><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span>, takes higher values at the centre of the wake than its edges, A 2-D <span><math><mtext>δ</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>u</mtext></mn></msub><mtext>/</mtext><mtext>u</mtext></math></span> plot shows two maxima (the third is missing because of lack of measurements) and a minimum at the expected positions in the wake. The <span><math><mtext>u-</mtext><mtext>component</mtext></math></span> power spectra levels seem to be higher at the high frequencies around the central parts of the wake while at its boundaries they are higher at the lower frequency portion of the spectrum. All results agree with theory and other experimental findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 177-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90085-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91636719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of the solar-operated two-stage and single-stage LiBrH2O absorption cycles","authors":"Abdullah M. Al-Turki, Moustafa M. Elsayed","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90021-S","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90021-S","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analysis of a solar operated two-stage LiBrH<sub>2</sub>O cycle is presented. The cycle has the advantages that it can operate at a higher ambient temperature and at a lower generator temperature than those required by the single stage cycle. The performance of the cycle is predicted and compared to the performance of the single stage cycle at various design conditions. Four design parameters are identified to control the performance of the cycle. These parameters are the heat sink temperature, the evaporator temperature, the generator temperature, and the intermediate pressure. Numerical correlations are developed to specify the minimum allowable sink temperature, the minimum and maximum allowable generator temperature and the coefficient of performance of both the single-stage and the two-stage cycles. By defining a system thermal ratio for the combined absorption machine and a flat plate collector, the performances of the integrated systems are evaluated and compared when using both cycles. Conditions at which the performance of the solar operated two-stage cycle is superior to that of the solar operated single stage cycle are defined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 355-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90021-S","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91420199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wind and solar data for sizing small wind turbine and photovoltaic power plants","authors":"W. Grainger","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90013-R","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90013-R","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small renewable energy power systems have to be more carefully sized and installed than fossil fuelled alternatives. Accurate assessment of the energy resource available at the site is the first step in system design. This paper describes the sort of data available and how they are processed. When small systems are involved there is little money available for detailed meteorological investigations. This has led our company to develop the techniques described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90013-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73110862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small is usable: Lessons from alternative energy projects","authors":"S. Joseph, R. Burton","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90018-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90018-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alternative energy technologies have met with varying success around the world. This paper seeks to evaluate the relative successes and failures and to highlight the factors contributing to successful programmes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 89-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90018-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74010363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Realistic estimates of the beam radiation from global radiation measurements through an enhanced model for Athens, Greece","authors":"Constantinos A. Balaras","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90102-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90102-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three years of hourly radiation data measured at the National Observatory of Athens, Greece (37.5°N, 23.5°E) are used to develop an empirical model for the prediction of the beam irradiation. The model is a correlation between three variables, namely the clearness index, <span><math><mtext>k</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>t</mtext></mn></msub></math></span> (defined as the ratio of global to extraterrestrial horizontal radiation), the atmospheric air-mass, <span><math><mtext>m</mtext></math></span>,and the beam transmittance, <span><math><mtext>τ</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>b</mtext></mn></msub></math></span> (defined as the ratio of beam normal to extraterrestrial normal radiation), and was developed by fitting an RMS locally weighted continuous surface to the available data. The proposed correlation can predict different values of (<span><math><mtext>τ</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>b</mtext></mn></msub></math></span>) for a given day, and over the year, for the same value of (<span><math><mtext>k</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>t</mtext></mn></msub></math></span>), which is what we observe from measured data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 313-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90102-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75254165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A procedure for minimizing the photovoltaic pumping system in irrigation and leaching applications in the Baghdad area","authors":"Bassim E. Al-Sagir, A. Hasson","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90081-C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90081-C","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75594905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A procedure to obtain global solar radiation maps from sunshine duration for Pakistan","authors":"Qamar-Uz-Zaman Chaudhary","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90093-H","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90093-H","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we have discussed a procedure to obtain monthly average daily global solar radiation maps for Pakistan from sunshine duration. The data used for analysis include solar radiation data acquired from a few stations equipped with Epply and Kipp Pyranometers. However most of the data is derived indirectly from stations with good and reliable long records of sunshine. A procedure as to how the sunshine data was converted into global solar radiation data is also given in detail. The derived radiation data of five stations having long records of global solar radiation were compared and the difference was found to be less than 10%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90093-H","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79572685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Empirical model to estimate the global radiation in Bahrain by the knowledge of some astronomical parameters","authors":"W.E. Alnaser, N.S. Awadalla","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90059-B","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90059-B","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The solar radiation from the sun to the atmosphere in Bahrain and the loss that occurs to this radiation in reaching the surface is estimated. An emprical model is proposed which estimates the monthly and annual average daily global radiation on a horizontal surface in Bahrain. This model requires no meteorological data but only astronomical parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 537-539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90059-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83149779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of dust on transmittance of glazing materials for solar collectors under arid zone conditions of India","authors":"N.M. Nahar, Jagdish P. Gupta","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90092-G","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90092-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Thar desert is the dirtiest desert in the world—concentration of dust is very high in the atmosphere. Therefore, a study has been carried out to quantify reduction in transmittance of different glazing materials, e.g. glass, acrylic and PVC, which are used in solar collectors. It is found that for the same tilt and cleaning cycles, the reduction in transmittance of glass, acrylic and poly vinyl chloride are in increasing order of transmittance whereas for the same material the reduction in transmittance decreases with increasing tilt from the horizontal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 237-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90092-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90928373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of edges on solar energy collection in small solar ponds","authors":"M.A. Hassab, O.A. El-Masry","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90105-B","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90105-B","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In small size ponds, the shading by the side walls affects the collection and storage of energy. In this work, the influence of aspect ratio, pond size, convective-zone thickness and the bottom surface reflectivity on the collection and storage of solar energy are examined analytically, and the relative importance of such factors is illustrated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 331-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90105-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80765750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}