{"title":"Autonomous electrical power supply systems—wind/photovoltaic/diesel/battery","authors":"G. Cramer","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90010-Y","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90010-Y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A modular system for the supply of remote electrical consumers was developed, which makes possible a variable integration of wind energy and photovoltaic plants in connection with a diesel engine and battery storage. The wind energy converters, equipped with asynchronous generators, and a fast pitch control, work in parallel with a synchronous generator. The generator is driven by a diesel engine by means of an overrunning clutch, and is started by a small d.c. motor. If the diesel is off, or the starting process by the d.c. motor is finished, the synchronous generator works as a rotating phase-shifter and takes over voltage control and supply of reactive power. The speed versus power control of the wind energy converters makes possible an optimized parallel operation with the diesel-generator unit, and also directly takes over frequency control when operated singly without the diesel engine. The location of the wind turbine does not depend on the site of the diesel engine, because control cables are not necessary. To avoid too frequent starting of the diesel, a storage battery is installed. This paper describes the electrical and control design as well as the experience with the following, already built plant: </p><ul><li><span>&#x02022;</span><span><p>-coupling of two wind turbines for the supply of water irrigation pumps,</p></span></li><li><span>&#x02022;</span><span><p>-combination of two WECs with a battery and a diesel-set,</p></span></li><li><span>&#x02022;</span><span><p>-combination of two WECs with a photovoltaic generator and a battery.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90010-Y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75335776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wake measurements behind a horizontal-axis 50 kW wind turbine","authors":"H.D. Kambezidis, D.N. Asimakopoulos, C.G. Helmis","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90085-G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90085-G","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents some results on the wake of a full-scale 50 kW wind turbine located in Näsudden peninsula. Gotland Island, Sweden. It is found that the wind velocity deficit, <span><math><mtext>Δ</mtext><mtext>u</mtext></math></span>, and turbulence intensity, <span><math><mtext>δ</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>u</mtext></mn></msub><mtext>/</mtext><mtext>u</mtext></math></span>, take greater values at the center of the wake than its boundaries. Also the temperature structure parameter, <span><math><mtext>C</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>T</mtext></mn></msub><msup><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span>, takes higher values at the centre of the wake than its edges, A 2-D <span><math><mtext>δ</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn><mtext>u</mtext></mn></msub><mtext>/</mtext><mtext>u</mtext></math></span> plot shows two maxima (the third is missing because of lack of measurements) and a minimum at the expected positions in the wake. The <span><math><mtext>u-</mtext><mtext>component</mtext></math></span> power spectra levels seem to be higher at the high frequencies around the central parts of the wake while at its boundaries they are higher at the lower frequency portion of the spectrum. All results agree with theory and other experimental findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 177-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90085-G","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91636719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wind and solar data for sizing small wind turbine and photovoltaic power plants","authors":"W. Grainger","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90013-R","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90013-R","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small renewable energy power systems have to be more carefully sized and installed than fossil fuelled alternatives. Accurate assessment of the energy resource available at the site is the first step in system design. This paper describes the sort of data available and how they are processed. When small systems are involved there is little money available for detailed meteorological investigations. This has led our company to develop the techniques described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90013-R","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73110862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small is usable: Lessons from alternative energy projects","authors":"S. Joseph, R. Burton","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90018-W","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90018-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alternative energy technologies have met with varying success around the world. This paper seeks to evaluate the relative successes and failures and to highlight the factors contributing to successful programmes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 89-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90018-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74010363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coil-coating paints for solar collector panels—II. FT-IR spectroscopic investigations","authors":"B. Orel, Z. Crnjak Orel, R. Jerman, I. Radoczy","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90046-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90046-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A solar collector panel produced from aluminium foil (0.25 mm) coated with a 2–3 μm thin film of black paint is described and characterized. The paint coating on aluminium possesses moderate spectral selectivity with a solar absorptance <em>a</em><sub>s</sub> of 0.92 and a thermal emmitance <em>e</em><sub>T</sub> of 0.38. The paint coating acts as a thickness sensitive spectrally selective coating which is black for solar radiation, but is thin enough to allow the low emitting aluminium surface to be seen through the pain film. The paint coating (Solariselect®) is made by an industrial coil-coating application process which assures high efficiency, excellent thickness control and consequently a highly reproducible spectrally selective paint coating. The influence of the paint composition on the physical and optical properties of the paint coatings are discussed in detail.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 713-717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90046-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91463366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Victorian study on stand alone power supply systems (SAPS)","authors":"T.B. Tregaskis","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90011-P","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90011-P","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To gain more information on stand alone power supply (SAPS) systems in Victoria the Victorian Solar Energy Council and the State Electricity Commission of Victoria recently carried out a two-part study on these systems. In the first part of the study, 12 homes with SAPS systems, in widespread areas of the state, were fitted with monitoring equipment to gather solar, wind and system energy data. The second part of the study was an attitude survey of SAPS system homeowners, carried out under contract by AGB-Spectrum, a market research organization. The results of both study segments are being used in the production of instructional brochures for the public and to provide feedback to the homeowners and the solar industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90011-P","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"93152301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An electronic circuit to facilitate PV regulators to be used in PV-hybrid systems","authors":"France Lasnier, S. Sivoththaman","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90049-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90049-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The design and operational details of an electronic circuit, which facilitates PV regulators to be used in PV-hybrid systems, are presented. The experimental success of the system is also reported.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 735-737"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90049-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87601398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On correlating the relative sunshine duration with the state of the sky","authors":"M. Hussain, D. Siddique","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90063-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90063-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The state of the sky defined in terms of the cloud cover has been correlated with bright sunshine duration using data from five meteorological stations in Bangladesh. The r.m.s. errors of computed sunshine duration using the correlation are 2 to 5% for these stations. The correlation has been tested for three stations which have been found to give satisfactory estimates of sunshine duration from the cloud cover. Hence, it is expected that for stations which do not have sunshine recorders the state of the sky should give good predictions of sunshine duration and hence global radiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 555-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90063-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87746424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Empirical model to estimate the global radiation in Bahrain by the knowledge of some astronomical parameters","authors":"W.E. Alnaser, N.S. Awadalla","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90059-B","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90059-B","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The solar radiation from the sun to the atmosphere in Bahrain and the loss that occurs to this radiation in reaching the surface is estimated. An emprical model is proposed which estimates the monthly and annual average daily global radiation on a horizontal surface in Bahrain. This model requires no meteorological data but only astronomical parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 537-539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90059-B","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83149779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A procedure to obtain global solar radiation maps from sunshine duration for Pakistan","authors":"Qamar-Uz-Zaman Chaudhary","doi":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90093-H","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0741-983X(90)90093-H","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we have discussed a procedure to obtain monthly average daily global solar radiation maps for Pakistan from sunshine duration. The data used for analysis include solar radiation data acquired from a few stations equipped with Epply and Kipp Pyranometers. However most of the data is derived indirectly from stations with good and reliable long records of sunshine. A procedure as to how the sunshine data was converted into global solar radiation data is also given in detail. The derived radiation data of five stations having long records of global solar radiation were compared and the difference was found to be less than 10%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101171,"journal":{"name":"Solar & Wind Technology","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0741-983X(90)90093-H","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79572685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}