{"title":"Stroke in a Young Woman with Cystic Fibrosis and Lung Transplantation","authors":"Monica Simionescu, J. Biller","doi":"10.1053/J.SCDS.2006.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/J.SCDS.2006.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101154,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Cerebrovascular Diseases and Stroke","volume":"25 1","pages":"158-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73575240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-Radiation-Induced Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis","authors":"Elizabeth Marriott, Michael J. Schneck","doi":"10.1053/j.scds.2006.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.scds.2006.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Radiation-induced intracranial vasculopathy is a rare complication following treatment of intracranial tumors<span>. We treated a 49-year-old woman presenting with severe middle cerebral artery stenosis 14 years post-radiotherapy. As more patients are treated successfully with radiation therapy for intracranial neoplasm, stenotic </span></span>cerebrovascular disease may become a more common etiology for ischemic infarction in this patient population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101154,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Cerebrovascular Diseases and Stroke","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 155-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.scds.2006.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91650112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gail Hadley RN, RVT, Michael R. Jaff DO, RVT, FACC
{"title":"Duplex Ultrasonography Following Carotid Artery Stent Placement","authors":"Gail Hadley RN, RVT, Michael R. Jaff DO, RVT, FACC","doi":"10.1053/j.scds.2005.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.scds.2005.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Carotid artery disease remains a major etiology of </span>ischemic stroke<span><span>. As data emerges demonstrating the safety and efficacy of carotid artery stenting, the importance of determining patency of carotid stents over time increases. Given alterations in the architecture and compliance of the carotid artery after a stent is deployed, subtleties in the performance and interpretation of carotid </span>duplex ultrasonography must be appreciated. This section describes these factors in detail, and provides optimal methods to interpret these examinations.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101154,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Cerebrovascular Diseases and Stroke","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.scds.2005.12.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86609203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carotid IMT: A Surrogate Marker for Cerebrovascular Disease?","authors":"J. Polak","doi":"10.1053/J.SCDS.2005.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/J.SCDS.2005.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution ultrasound images of the carotid artery wall can be used to identify early changes associated with atherosclerosis. The precision of the intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement is dependent on the sonographer, the imaging device and the analysis software. When done under tight quality control, IMT measurements can identify individuals at risk for future cerebrovascular events starting at an earlier age than what is possible with other diagnostic tests.","PeriodicalId":101154,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Cerebrovascular Diseases and Stroke","volume":"13 1","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80111166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrasound Contrast Agents and Imaging of Cerebrovascular Disease","authors":"E. Stolz, M. Kaps","doi":"10.1053/J.SCDS.2005.12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/J.SCDS.2005.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) consist of shell-encapsulated air- or gas-filled microbubbles, which are capable of surviving the heart transit and are able to pass through the lung’s capillary bed when injected intravenously. They massively increase the backscattered ultrasound signals, which is clinically useful in all situations of slow and low flow as well as insufficient ultrasound penetration. Because UCA act as intravascular contrast agents, diagnosis of vessel occlusion can be made with high diagnostic confidence based on a lack of contrast enhancement. In the first section of this review, the acoustical properties, the intricate balance of forces, which act on UCA in the human circulation, and UCA-specific ultrasound imaging modes are summarized. In the second section, current clinical applications are summarized and the level of evidence regarding key statements is evaluated using the American Academy of Neurology rating system. The final section is devoted to yet experimental applications, where accumulating data suggest that use of UCA has the potential to be clinically useful and to become incorporated into routine clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":101154,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Cerebrovascular Diseases and Stroke","volume":"35 1","pages":"111-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73980692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles H. Tegeler MD , Disya Ratanakorn MD , Jongyeol Kim MD, MSc, RVT
{"title":"Advances in Carotid Ultrasound","authors":"Charles H. Tegeler MD , Disya Ratanakorn MD , Jongyeol Kim MD, MSc, RVT","doi":"10.1053/j.scds.2006.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.scds.2006.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Carotid stenosis is a major cause of stroke, and the presence of </span>carotid atherosclerosis<span> identifies increased risk of stroke or cardiovascular events. Effective therapies are available to treat this condition, and reduce the risk of stroke or other clinical events. Thus, there is a clinical mandate to identify individuals with atherosclerotic carotid artery disease<span>. Ultrasound offers a safe, accurate, readily available method to evaluate for this disorder, using instrumentation that is portable, and less costly than competing technologies. Carotid ultrasound has become a standard part of the clinical evaluation for carotid disease. Understanding of the physiological principles and current clinical applications is vital for optimal use of this technique. Advances in technology and the applications of the same, now offer improved diagnostic capability for carotid ultrasound. This chapter reviews concepts that are essential for the understanding and clinical use of carotid ultrasound testing, and explores the recent advances in the same.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101154,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Cerebrovascular Diseases and Stroke","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.scds.2006.01.012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91695123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-Radiation-Induced Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis","authors":"E. Marriott, M. Schneck","doi":"10.1053/J.SCDS.2006.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/J.SCDS.2006.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation-induced intracranial vasculopathy is a rare complication following treatment of intracranial tumors. We treated a 49-year-old woman presenting with severe middle cerebral artery stenosis 14 years post-radiotherapy. As more patients are treated successfully with radiation therapy for intracranial neoplasm, stenotic cerebrovascular disease may become a more common etiology for ischemic infarction in this patient population.","PeriodicalId":101154,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Cerebrovascular Diseases and Stroke","volume":"379 1","pages":"155-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74256026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Congenital Heart Disease and Stroke","authors":"Rafael Hirsch , Jonathan Y. Streifler","doi":"10.1053/j.scds.2005.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.scds.2005.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This article will describe in detail the unique mechanism of stroke in congenital heart disease through </span>paradoxical embolism<span><span>. The emphasis will be on the influence of hemodynamics of the different types of anomalies on the likelihood of stroke, starting with the high-risk patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease, then the moderate-risk patients with repaired or palliated conditions, the relatively small risk of </span>congenital anomalies<span><span><span> with mainly left-to-right shunts, and finally, the very unusual but interesting association of patent foramen ovale with stroke in otherwise normal hearts. Conditions that enhance the formation of potential emboli will be discussed shortly. Two conditions with alleged association to stroke, secondary </span>erythrocythemia and </span>mitral valve prolapse<span>, will be reviewed critically, to claim a lack of a clear association. Stroke and aortic coarctation will be discussed. Other cardiac causes of stroke in patients with congenital heart disease that are not unique to this group will not be covered in this article.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101154,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Cerebrovascular Diseases and Stroke","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.scds.2005.04.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90487937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AIDS/HIV Infection and Cerebrovascular Disease","authors":"Amélia Nogueira Pinto MD","doi":"10.1053/j.scds.2005.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.scds.2005.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The occurrence of cerebrovascular disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been reported mainly in advanced stages of the disease and was generally associated with </span>nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis<span>, opportunistic infections<span>, or tumors, although in recent series a large number of cryptogenic strokes were found, probably related to HIV vasculopathy. Recently a population-based study reported a strong association between acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and both </span></span></span>ischemic stroke<span><span> and intracerebral hemorrhage, with an incidence of 0.2% per year. However, with the advent of highly active retroviral therapy (HAART)-causing immune restoration in HAART-treated patients and avoiding early death and leading to a lengthening of the disease free-survival, an older population was created, which is at higher risk for stroke. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that accelerated atherosclerosis may be a potential risk for stroke in these patients as it accompanies </span>dyslipidemia and insulin resistance that were found to be more frequent among patients in the HAART regimen. The relationship of HIV infection and stroke is undergoing remarkable changes and epidemiological studies should be performed on aging HIV populations to state the impact of this new information on the incidence of cerebrovascular disease in HIV-infected patients and to identify factors that are associated with its occurrence.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101154,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Cerebrovascular Diseases and Stroke","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.scds.2005.04.015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73582214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Infections and Stroke","authors":"Oscar H. Del Brutto MD","doi":"10.1053/j.scds.2005.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.scds.2005.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We will review cerebrovascular complications of infectious diseases of the CNS. The emphasis will be on common infections causing stroke, including pyogenic meningitis<span>, infective endocarditis, tuberculosis, leptospirosis<span><span>, syphilis, as well as fungal and parasitic diseases. Most of these conditions cause stroke through a mechanism of angiitis, which is an inflammation of the vessel wall induced by the presence of microorganisms within the CNS. A stroke may occur as the primary or sole manifestation of the infectious disease or may present in the setting of a diffuse encephalopathy. Infection-related strokes may be ischemic or hemorrhagic and range in severity from asymptomatic to fatal. Precise knowledge of the spectrum of these conditions is important to direct prompt therapy to reduce the risk of further </span>vascular damage.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101154,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Cerebrovascular Diseases and Stroke","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 28-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.scds.2005.04.014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90360121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}