Results in Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Geo-electrical investigation for groundwater reserves in the Boranakanive Reservoir Catchment in Tumkur district, Karnataka, India","authors":"C.J. Rakesh ,&nbsp;Govindaraju ,&nbsp;S. Sudha ,&nbsp;S. Lokanath ,&nbsp;D.R. Thippeswamy","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The groundwater resources have been under significant constraints due to excessive exploitation and climate change. It is imperative to comprehend these dwindling resources' characteristics, given their distribution and occurrence variability across the space and time. A semi-arid climate characterizes the study area and agriculture is the primary occupation, their reliance on groundwater is indispensable due to the lack of surface water sources and erratic rainfall patterns. Consequently, the study employed the Schlumberger array of 200 m-spaced half-current electrodes Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) survey was conducted at 100 VES locations to identify groundwater potential zones. Further, curve-matching and correlation of lithologies have been carried out from various VES-soundings, and also generated pseudo-cross sections of the subsurface geometry. The results revealed the existence of five geoelectrical resistivity layers as follows layer 1–6 to 422 Ωm, layer 2–8 to 7708 Ωm, layer 3–4 to 37117 Ωm, layer 4–37 to 95059 Ωm, and layer 5–205 to 83142 Ωm. The iso-apparent resistivity maps of the study area reveal values ranging for the first layer 11Ωm - 333 Ωm, the second layer 23Ωm - 5347Ωm, the third layer 11Ωm - 26734Ωm and 10Ωm - 67250Ωm for the fourth layer. The present research determined that the third and fourth layer constitute the principal aquifers due to their fractured structures. As a result, these layers produce a significant quantity of groundwater in the north-eastern (NE) and southern (S) regions of the study region. As a consequence of these findings, further exploration and management of groundwater resources in the study areas can be carried out with valuable insight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability analysis of support strategies in tunnel construction: Insights from geomechanical analysis of jointed rock masses","authors":"Naeem Abbas ,&nbsp;Kegang Li ,&nbsp;Yewuhalashet Fissha ,&nbsp;Jitendra Khatti ,&nbsp;Merhawi Berhe Geberegergis ,&nbsp;N.Rao Cheepurupalli ,&nbsp;Blessing Olamide Taiwo ,&nbsp;Zemicael Gebrehiwot ,&nbsp;Yemane Kide ,&nbsp;N. Sri Chandrahas","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the dynamics of jointed rock masses in the challenging geological setting of the Himalayas, with a focus on tunneling activities and recommendations of support for jointing rock mass, were investigated. The jointing in Himalayan rocks mass poses significant implications for tunnel stability, demanding a detailed analysis of joint characteristics, such as joint connectivity and spacing. The parameter of joint connectivity rate along the Himalayas becomes a key focus, impacting rock mass strength for tunneling. The study utilized quadratic polynomial and reciprocal expressions of power functions, to characterize the nonlinear variation of jointed rock mass strength concerning joint connectivity rate. Integration of these results leads to unified equations that consider rock type dependence, having a realistic representation of jointed rock behavior. Numerical analysis reveals that jointing in rock affects instability through complex stress regimes, identifying critical stress concentration points. The effectiveness of support measures like rock bolts and shotcrete are validated, demonstrating their role in reducing displacements in tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the unintended contribution of soil erosion research to microplastic contamination","authors":"Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ,&nbsp;Manuel Seeger","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global scientific community, particularly soil erosion researchers, is increasingly recognizing the urgent need to address plastic pollution and the accumulation of microplastics in soil. Human activities such as urban expansion, food packaging, and the use of agricultural materials have driven a significant rise in microplastic contamination. The problem is compounded by the difficulty, expense, and time-intensive nature of analyzing soil erosion samples to accurately identify microplastic types, sources, and their effects. Soil erosion, while naturally shaping landscapes like hillslopes, deltas or river valleys, has evolved into a critical issue due to human-induced changes, threatening fertile agricultural zones and areas prone to landslides, with serious economic and human consequences. While validated methods exist to quantify soil erosion, runoff, and pollutant concentrations, these techniques inadvertently introduce microplastics into the environment by plastic materials during sampling, transport, and lab analysis. This not only skews historical and current data on microplastic levels in soils but also alters natural soil conditions around research plots. To address these challenges, this paper advocates for the refinement of measurement techniques to minimize contamination, a reassessment of current methodologies, and a concerted effort to reduce human impact on soil health, thereby safeguarding a critical natural resource.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geo-spatial assessment of geomorphic characteristics of Swat Valley, Pakistan","authors":"Sheharyar Ahmad,&nbsp;Muhammad Shareef Shazil,&nbsp;Ahmad Furqan Hassan,&nbsp;Bashra Afzal","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Morphometric analysis is essential for understanding drainage networks and landform evolution, particularly in complex mountainous regions like the Swat Valley. Accurate characterization of these features aids in water resource management and mitigating climate-induced challenges. The study employed GIS and remote sensing technologies, utilizing SRTM-30m DEM data to perform a comprehensive morphometric and hypsometric analysis. Key morphometric parameters such as basin size, stream order, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, circularity ratio, and elongation ratio were calculated by using Whitebox tool. Additionally, three-dimensional parameters including basin relief, roughness number, ruggedness index, and slope were analyzed. Hypsometric analysis was conducted to examine area-elevation relationships, using empirical formulas and contour data. The basin was found to be irregularly shaped, with an elongation ratio of 6.97 and a circulatory ratio of 0.3091, indicating an elongated form. Flow accumulation data highlighted areas of rapid and moderate water flow. Hypsometric analysis showed that 14 sub-basins were in an erosional stage, 8 were mature, and the remainder were older and more resistant to erosion. The overall hypsometric integral (HI) of 0.406 reflects moderate elevation variation across the basin. The study provides critical insights into the geomorphometric controls of the Swat Valley's drainage system, contributing to improved water resource management strategies. Understanding morphometric and hypsometric characteristics is vital for adapting to climate-induced risks and safeguarding water resources in mountainous landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold prospectivity mapping using “SWARA” model on geophysical datasets in parts of Ilesa Schist belt, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Ayokunle Adewale Akinlalu,&nbsp;Oluwapelumi Idowu Obideyi,&nbsp;Daniel Oluwafunmilade Afolabi ,&nbsp;Kola Abdul-Nafiu Adiat,&nbsp;Oluwamayowa Joseph Adeola","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed a knowledge–driven model (stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA)) for the prospectivity mapping of gold in parts of Ilesa Schist belt, Southwestern Nigeria. Aeromagnetic, aero-radiometric and remote sensing (Atmospheric Spaceborne Thermal Emission and reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data) datasets were utilized for this study. Data enhancement techniques were performed on the aeromagnetic data to produce the lineament map of the study area. Also, analyses of the aeroradiometric and ASTER datasets were used in delineating hydrothermally altered zones in the study area. Lithology, lineament density, hydrothermal alteration and slope were the factors considered to produce the gold potential map of the study area using the SWARA model for weight assignment. The study showed that NE–SW trending structures aid the transportation of hydrothermal and mineralizing fluids in the study area. Furthermore, gold mineralisation is observed to occur majorly on the granitoids. From the SWARA model, weight assignment results showed that the factors influencing gold mineralisation in descending order of importance are hydrothermal alteration, lithology, lineament density and slope. The produced gold mineralisation map based on the weight assignment classified the study area into five classes: background, low, moderate, high and very high with the southern, western and northwestern axis of the study area having moderate to very high potential of gold mineralisation. Qualitative validation using mining pits showed 73 % success rate while quantitative validation utilizing linear regression model showed a success rate of 74 % substantiating the reliability of the model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An LSTM deep learning framework for history-based tornado prediction using meteorological data and damage assessment using NDVI anomalies","authors":"Omid Memarian Sorkhabi","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme weather patterns can affect ground and satellite sensors before and after their occur. This study focused on tornadoes that occurred on December 10 and 11, 2021 in the state of Kentucky. The main goal of this research was to develop a deep learning algorithm based on history to predict this phenomenon. Four scenarios were created based on temperature, air pressure, wind speed and their combination. The temperature-based scenario shows high accuracy and shows the time series of temperature rise several degrees before the tornado. In the second step, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) anomaly was calculated and classified for Mayfield city. Severe NDVI anomalies showed high consistency with enhanced Fujita scale and ultra-high-resolution satellite imagery, with a correlation greater than 0.9.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reservoir characterization of GABO field in the niger delta basin using facies and petrophysical analyses","authors":"Opiriyabo Ibim Horsfall ,&nbsp;Mfonobong Joseph Akpan ,&nbsp;Nyakno Jimmy George","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the GABO field in the onshore Niger Delta Basin using well logs and core samples, with a focus on rock type distribution, reservoir continuity, and petrophysical properties to enhance hydrocarbon exploration accuracy. The research involved detailed analysis of core descriptions and images from GABO-20, along with petrophysical data from wells GABO-4, GABO-12, GABO-13, GABO-20, and GABO-51, aiming to identify rock types, evaluate reservoir quality, and determine the spatial distribution of petrophysical properties. The methodology included rigorous well log quality checks, data correlation between wells, petrophysical property evaluation, and lithofacies description. The analysis revealed thirty-five hydrocarbon-bearing zones, with GABO-20 showing average shale fraction values between 0.111 and 0.335, total porosity ranging from 0.242 to 0.329, and hydrocarbon saturation from 0.667 to 0.923, indicating substantial porosity and hydrocarbon saturation conducive to extraction. Well correlations demonstrated excellent sand-shale continuity within the reservoir intervals. Lithofacies analysis of the GABO-20 core identified eight distinct facies, including shale poles, liquid-rich shales, and sandstone poles, revealing a complex distribution of reservoir qualities with significant variations in potential. Cores 1 and 2 exhibited favourable conditions for hydrocarbon production, while Core 3 showed lower reservoir quality due to increased clay content. The depositional settings of the GABO field, particularly in the lower delta plain and delta front zones, showed well-developed reservoir bodies with moderate potential in the tidal zone and little potential in the shaly prodelta environment. This distribution highlights the complexity of the deltaic system and its implications for reservoir modeling and utilization. Reservoir zones associated with High-Quality Reservoir Facies exhibited strong petrophysical properties, suggesting excellent hydrocarbon production potential. The study underscores the importance of detailed reservoir characterization to optimize recovery strategies, offering valuable insights into the distribution and quality of reservoir sands, reducing subsurface uncertainty, and emphasizing the integration of facies and petrophysical approaches for a better understanding of reservoir characteristics in the GABO field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211714824000256/pdfft?md5=774792e7761d840fe9d27748cb893569&pid=1-s2.0-S2211714824000256-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of plate movements on reservoir development of the Iranian carbonate formations: A review of the interplay between tectonics, paleoclimate, and diagenesis","authors":"Vahid Tavakoli ,&nbsp;Hosein Barfizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article reviews and assesses the reservoir characteristics of several geologic Formations in the northeast of the Arabian plate, from the Permian–Triassic to Oligo-Miocene, and evaluates the complex interrelations between tectonic activities, paleoclimatic conditions and diagenetic alterations. All of these Formations have been deposited in a ramp depositional setting. Both dolomitization and dissolution diagenetic processes have significantly enhanced the reservoir quality by altering the porosity and permeability of the Permian–Triassic Kangan and the Dalan Formations. The diagenetic processes of dissolution, fracturing, and localized dolomitization have enhanced the reservoir properties of the Fahliyan Formation's carbonate sequence. The Cretaceous Dariyan exhibits a gradual facies transition where dissolution enhances reservoir quality, while cementation and compaction diminish reservoir properties. For the mid-Cretaceous Sarvak Formation, the investigation addressed the diagenetic history triggering the creation of secondary porosity, related to meteoric processes and karstification. Finally, the Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation is presented as a major hydrocarbon reservoir with extensive carbonate facies. Tectonic-driven fracturing and faulting increased reservoir quality by altering primary porosity and permeability and inducing significant diagenetic changes within a complex biodiverse reef ecosystem. This paper aims to comprehensively review and analyze the interaction between facies, diagenesis, tectonic activities, and paleoclimate across several geological Formations in the study area. By synthesizing existing literature and conducting a comparative analysis, the study seeks to elucidate how these factors collectively influence reservoir properties and dynamics. This approach not only identifies current knowledge gaps but also provides insights into potential avenues for future research and scientific exploration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211714824000244/pdfft?md5=cfd1b18a79d3f850eff1d8a3ab88c9b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2211714824000244-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of groundwater vulnerability using GOD index and Dar Zarrouk parameters: A case study of OAUSTECH main campus, Okitipupa, Ondo State","authors":"Adegoke Ige Aladeboyeje ,&nbsp;Tolulope Temitope Adenoye ,&nbsp;Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater is essential for efficient management of groundwater to prevent the deterioration of its quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the vulnerability of the primary campus of (Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology) OAUSTECH in Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. This was done by analysing the GOD index and the Dar Zarrouk parameters of conductance and transverse resistance. A total of 24 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data points were gathered, with AB/2 values varying from 200 to 225. These data points were then analysed utilising partial curve matching and computer iteration techniques to determine geoelectric characteristics, including resistivity and thickness. The computed characteristics, longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance, suggest that the aquifer's ability to defend against contamination in the research area is generally insufficient. The longitudinal conductance values range from 0.02 to 0.6, with most values below 0.1. Using the GOD method, the study shows that the GOD index value varies from 0.2 to 0.6, with an average of 0.325, suggesting a moderate to high level of vulnerability in the groundwater. The association between the GOD index and longitudinal conductance results in a 60 % accuracy in predicting groundwater susceptibility. This research emphasises that the groundwater within the main campus of OAUSTECH is moderately to highly vulnerable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211714824000232/pdfft?md5=16fc509e0ea132e662206c1ab2173ac8&pid=1-s2.0-S2211714824000232-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Far–field tectonic controls on deposition in the Appalachian Basin – A case study of Late Cambrian–Late Ordovician strata in Morrow County, Ohio","authors":"Julie M. Bloxson,&nbsp;Adrian I. Valdez","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Far–field tectonics can often be overlooked when studying orogens, particularly when much of the deformation occurs near the loading loci. As stresses are propagated further from the loading into the craton, whether compressional, extensional, or shear, faults and fractures within the basement often act as pathways for stress transmission, traveling along these pre-existing planes of weakness, or creating new. The Appalachian Basin in the eastern United States is a classic foreland basin example that showcases far-field tectonic influence on deposition and structure. This study characterizes the structural architecture of the basement along the western Appalachian Basin margin by analyzing well log data from 2,662 wells to create structure, isopach, trend surface, and residual maps of Late Cambrian through Upper Ordovician strata (Knox through Black River). Fourteen lineaments interpreted as faults were delineated, creating two series of horsts and grabens. The northeast–southwest faults are related to structures that formed during Keweenawan extension, and the northwest–southeast faults are related to structures that formed during the Grenville Orogeny. Both sets of faults stem from the Precambrian basement and are shown to have been reactivated during the Blountian Tectophase of the Taconian Orogeny (Black Riverian deposition), creating localized thinning and thinning adjacent to the lineaments. Furthermore, these faults appear to have undergone additional reactivation since the deposition of these strata in a transtensional regime to create the observed horst and graben structures. Overall, far–field tectonics plays an important role in understanding the geologic history of a basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211714824000220/pdfft?md5=71f3d05cd3f1dec5d9df75f42cde9107&pid=1-s2.0-S2211714824000220-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}